Thirteen parishes

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The thirteen municipalities ( Tredici Comuni in Italian ) were a German- speaking island of the Cimbri , located on the southern slope of the Lessinian Alps between the Adige and the Agno in the northern Italian province of Verona in the Veneto region .

History and language

In the 11th / 12th In the 19th century the area of ​​the Thirteen Parishes was settled by immigrants from the Bavarian - Alemannic region.

Until 1797, the thirteen parishes - similar to the seven parishes - formed a small free state with its own law and tradition, its own jurisdiction and military constitution under the protection of the Republic of Venice , under whose rule they came at the beginning of the 15th century. The dissolution of the Republic of Venice in 1797 by Napoleon and its incorporation into the Austrian Habsburg Empire ( Congress of Vienna 1815) meant the end of centuries of self-government and the loss of superior protection for the thirteen communities. 1866 was Giulia the newly formed Kingdom of Italy connected.

The Cimbrian of the Thirteen Congregations persisted until the 19th century and was replaced by Italian after the incorporation into Italy . Around 1900 it was already limited to two villages, Campo-Fontana and Giazza (Glatzen or dialectal Ljetzan ), although even then only old people spoke it in the former. According to a 2012 study, there are still a few speakers in Giazza who use Cimbrian primarily in contexts of remembrance.

Language examples

The teacher Antonio Fabbris wrote in a poem about his hometown Ljetzan (Giazza):

Ka Ljetzan sainda schuane Bälder,
schuane Bisen un schuane Täljar,
schuane Stelj un schuane Perge.
Pa shuan is Ljetzan for mi!

At Ljetzan there are beautiful forests,
beautiful meadows and beautiful valleys,
beautiful places (Stölln) and beautiful mountains.
How beautiful is Ljetzan to me!

List of the Thirteen Parishes

Italian name Cimbrian name German name Population
(2011)
comment
Badia Calavena Kalfàain or Màbado or Kam'Abato Kalwein or Kalfein 2,691
Bosco Chiesanuova Nuagankirchen Neuenkirchen 3,677
Cerro Veronese Tschirre or Sèr Silva Hermanorum (translated from Latin Hermannswald ) 2,461
Erbezzo gen meadows 780
Roverè Veronese Rovereid 2,193
San Mauro di Saline Saint Moritz 569
Selva di Progno Brunghe Prugne 942 with the village of Ljetzan , Italian Giazza , German Gletzen or Gliesen , (113 inhabitants in 2001)
Velo Veronese Vellje field 786
Azzarino Asarin Asarin incorporated into Velo Veronese
Camposilvano Kampsilvan 23 incorporated into Velo Veronese
San Bortolo (formerly San Bartolomeo inglese) Bòrtolom incorporated into Selva di Progno
Tavernole incorporated into San Mauro di Saline
Val di Porro Porrental incorporated into Bosco Chiesanuova

literature

  • Wilhelm Baum : History of the Zimbern / Storia dei Cimbri. Landshut 1983.
  • Karin Heller, Luis Thomas Prader and Christian Prezzi (eds.): Lebendige Sprachinseln. 2nd edition, Bozen 2006 ( online ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hebert Neuner: South Tyrol in words and pictures. Südtirol Verlag, Munich 1984; Maria Hornung : The Thirteen Parishes in the Lessin Alps. P. 18.
  2. ^ Stefan Rabanus: Language contact on the "Brenner Line". Pre-articles, partitive pronouns and subject pronouns in Romance and Germanic-German varieties. In: Michael Elmentaler, Markus Hundt, Jürgen Erich Schmidt: German dialects. Concepts, problems, fields of action. Files of the 4th Congress of the International Society for the Dialectology of German (IGDD) (=  Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplements. Volume 158). Steiner, Stuttgart 2015, pp. 415-433.
  3. Südtirol in Wort und Bild (1984), Munich: Südtirol Verlag Herbert Neuner, "The Thirteen Communities in the Lessinian Alps" by Maria Hornung, page 20