San Donà di Piave

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San Donà di Piave
coat of arms
San Donà di Piave (Italy)
San Donà di Piave
Country Italy
region Veneto
Metropolitan city Venice  (VE)
Local name San Donà (de Piave)
Coordinates 45 ° 38 '  N , 12 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 38 '0 "  N , 12 ° 34' 0"  E
height 3  m slm
surface 78.73 km²
Residents 41,992 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 533 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 30027
prefix 0421
ISTAT number 027033
Popular name Sandonatesi
Patron saint Madonna del Rosario
Website San Donà di Piave

San Donà di Piave [ˈsan doˈna ˈdi ˈpjaːve] is a city with 41,992 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the metropolitan city of Venice . It is located 50 kilometers from Venice and 30 kilometers from Treviso . The city is located on the Piave River , which flows into the Adriatic Sea.

The neighboring municipalities are Ceggia , Cessalto (TV), Eraclea , Fossalta di Piave , Jesolo , Musile di Piave , Noventa di Piave , Salgareda (TV) and Torre di Mosto .

Urban geography

Location in the metropolitan city

Districts: The urban area of ​​San Donà di Piave is divided into 9 districts: Brusade, Calnova, Carbonera, Centro, Ereditari, Forte 48, Mussetta di Sotto, Sabbioni, San Luca. Frazioni

Sub-municipalities: Calvecchia, Chiesanuova, Cittanova, Fiorentina, Fossà, Grassaga, Isiata, Mussetta di Sopra, Palazzetto, Passarella, Santa Maria di Piave. Località

Districts: Botteghino di Chiesanuova, Caposile, Jutificio, Molino di Calvecchia, Tessere.

history

The Roman Regio X Venetia et Histria

At Chiesanuova there was a Neolithic settlement on what was then the left bank of the Piave , the river that was diverted in the 17th century . At that time, the vegetation was even less marked by the emerging Venice lagoon and swamps, the oak forests had not yet disappeared.

The 131 BC Chr. Erected Via Annia that Hatria (Adria) with Aquileia union, the Piave in what is now the center of San Dona and Grassaga channel crossed by a well-stone bridge.

In the early Middle Ages, Heraclia , located in Frazione Cittanova in what is now San Donà di Piave, was the capital of the Byzantine ducat of Veneto. This city disappeared in the 9th century. A new establishment as Civitas Nova Heracliana took place under the Venetian doge Angelo Partecipazio . Today it forms the Frazione Eraclea.

After 1000 Cittanova created the Burghi San Donato and Mussetta, which were under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Aquileia . From the 11th to the 13th century, however, the actual masters of the place were the Ezzelino family. Mussetta, on the other hand, was a bone of contention between the Patriarchate and the Treviso Commune , so the Da Romano and Da Camino families built a castle. The Villa Sancti Donati was built south of this castle , possibly on the ruins of an early medieval settlement associated with Heraclea . From 1154 a chapel is documented in the place on the border between the dioceses of Cittanova, Torcello and Treviso.

The Piave divides the village, "friendship pact" (13th century)

The two neighboring communities of San Donà de Piave and Musile di Piave are separated by the Piave river. In 1250 the river moved its bed as a result of a violent flood, so that the church was now separated from its parish area. This is how San Donato de qua de la Piave and San Donato oltre la Piave (today Musile di Piave ) came about . Today both cities are central centers of the province of Venice , which live from the trade in agricultural products of the region (especially fruit) and have over 40,000 and 10,000 inhabitants respectively. However, 700 years ago, in the late Middle Ages , there were two villages in a swampy landscape that clustered around their churches with their respective cartridges. The "friendship pact" between the two communities goes back to this time. The Church of San Donato marked the border between the diocese of the Patriarch of Aquileia, which belonged to the Roman-German Empire , and that of the Bishop of Torcello , behind which the Republic of Venice stood. The small church, which had previously stood on the left side of the river and thus on the side of San Donà di Piave, now moved to the right side of the river and thus in the area of ​​Musile di Piave. The community of San Donà (the short form of San Donato ) lost its identity-creating feature, because the church was dedicated to its patron saint. A compromise was reached: the community of San Donà could keep the name of the patron saint, whereas Musile had the right to hold the annual mass in honor of the saint. In return, the population of San Dona had to give two strong live capons to Musile on August 7th every year. Still on August 7th, the mayor of San Donà made this “tribute payment” to his colleague from Musile in a solemn ceremony.

Venetian rule, bonuses, the dominance of the Trevisans

Under the direction of a Gastalden , the Republic of Venice introduced a series of bonuses on the lower Piave River from the 15th century . This office was auctioned off by Venice. On September 2, 1475, the Gastaldia di San Donà was awarded to Francesco Marcello and Angelo Trevisan in the form of an Emphyteuse , the public affairs were now taken care of by a Vicario Ducale , who was appointed by the Doge. He had to take up residence in San Donà and swear an oath of allegiance to the Doge. The first vicar was Antonio Lupo, who was installed by Doge Pietro Mocenigo in 1476 . But on June 27, 1483 the office was sold to the two Venetian nobles for 10,000 ducats. Over the years it practically became the hereditary property of the Trevisan family. This prevented the emergence of small-scale ownership, at the same time the ecological situation on the river deteriorated further.

Venice made a first attempt to divert the Piave between 1565 and 1579 by digging the Tajada de Re canal in the southern part of the municipality, in Passarella.

Vincenzo Scamozzi's plan for Domenico Trevisan's villa in San Donà

In 1609, Domenico Trevisan commissioned the architect Vincenzo Scamozzi to completely reorganize the Gastaldia di San Donà. But the project, which also envisaged a large country house, was only carried out to a small extent.

After more than twenty years of work, the Taglio Novo was dug in 1664 , which was relocated so that it now flows into the Porto Santa Margherita. But in 1683 the Piave shifted its course again and now ended at Cortellazzo . The old river basin, the Piave Vecchia , became an almost stagnant body of water, which was avoided for health reasons. At the same time new crops were introduced, especially maize .

French and Austrians (1797–1866), capital, expansion of territory, revolution of 1848

1797, after the end of the Venetian Republic, which was created Municipalità San Dona as the capital of 15 cantons in the district of Treviso. With the assignment to the Kingdom of Italy , the Dipartimento dell'Adriatico was created on May 1, 1806, with San Donà becoming the capital of the district of the same name. In 1807 the place became the seat of the notary's office and in 1808 the prefecture of the department . First attempts began to use the swampy areas.

Under the Austrians, San Donà incorporated the inhabited part of Musile di Piave , which became a frazione , and parts of the Grisolera area, today's Eraclea. The town was first subordinated to a Cancelliere del Censo , in 1819 a Commissario Distrettuale .

In addition to the new cathedral built between 1838 and 1841 by the architect Giovanni Battista Meduna according to plans by Antonio Diedo , numerous city palaces were built in the first two thirds of the 19th century.

When Daniele Manin and Niccolò Tommaseo proclaimed the independent Repubblica di San Marco on March 22, 1848 , Piave was the first community to join just a day later. But the uprising collapsed in 1849.

The movement for the unification of Italy, despite the suppression of the Venetian uprising, continued to have supporters in the village. In June 1864 two citizens painted the bell of the cathedral in the Italian national colors green, white and red. At the celebration of the 34th birthday of the emperor ( Franz Joseph I ) on August 18, 1864, the clapper of the bell disappeared.

Italy (from 1866), industrialization, drainage, First World War, reconstruction

On July 18, the troops of the Italian General Enrico Cialdini entered the town. With the first free elections, Giuseppe Bortolotto was made mayor. The drainage of the swamps was intensified, with 48 bonuses alone, in the course of which 11,000 hectares of land were won, which corresponded to a quarter of the area between Sile and Livenza.

Via Maggiore (Corso Silvio Trentin) at the beginning of the 20th century
The Piave bridge before the First World War

In 1873 the Piave Vecchia became navigable again, and in 1875 the first bridge between San Donà and Musile was built. Although it was destroyed by the river in 1882, it was rebuilt from 1884 to 1886. Between 1881 and 1885, railway connections were established and steam boats began operating, in 1877 the Banca Mutua Popolare was established, and in 1895 a telephone connection to Cavazuccherina ( Jesolo ) was established.

The course of the front between October 24 and November 12, 1917
Destruction in the center of San Donà (called the Silvio Trentin pedestrian zone) after two months of Austro-Hungarian occupation on January 7, 1918

San Donà was badly hit by the First World War as the war front ran there. The mayor ordered the evacuation of the city on November 4, 1917 . The river crossings were destroyed and, in order to prevent the enemy from observing, all tall buildings were destroyed. On November 9th, the 12th Division of the Isonzo Army reached San Donà. They set up their headquarters in Villa Ronchi by Palazzetto, which was soon moved to Villa Ancillotto. It was not until October 31, 1918, that San Donà was retaken by Italian troops. The city's infrastructure was completely destroyed and the cultural heritage largely destroyed.

In addition to the restoration of the essentials of life, i.e. apartments, workplaces and an infrastructure, new buildings were built in line with contemporary tastes. Max Ongaro, Camillo Puglisi Allegra and Giuseppe Torres were particularly influential.

In 1922 the Congresso Nazionale delle Bonifiche met in San Donà , which provided for the so-called “bonifica integrale”, which successfully fought malaria but ultimately made a significant contribution to the destruction of large areas of the lagoon.

Second world war, resistance

In 1940 Italy entered World War II , but the leader of the fascists who had ruled since 1922, Mussolini , was overthrown. After the proclamation of Badoglio of 8 September 1943, hundreds joined the residents of San Donà the Resistance as 1970, at the presentation of the Medaglia d'Argento al Valor Militare by the Defense Department showed.

In October 1943 the partisan formation “Venezia” was formed in Venice . Their activities were initially directed primarily against the railway network around the city of Mestre . The resistance group, numbering around 30, moved its activities to the area around San Donà di Piave under the leadership of Alfredo Vivian. In January 1944 a bomb exploded in the Casa del Fascio of San Donà, whereupon eleven partisans from the place were executed on July 28, 1944 in Venice, where a bomb had destroyed the Ca 'Giustinian .

Today's square with the town hall

In July 1944, San Donà was bombed from the air for the first time, and the railway bridge was hit on September 23. A second bombing took place on October 10, during which the town hall, the Pretura, prisons and around 100 buildings were damaged. The Teatro Verdi and the Ospedale Umberto I were completely destroyed. On April 25, 1945 the place declared itself liberated in the course of an uprising, despite the proximity of around 6,000 German soldiers.

post war period

The 'Victory Bridge' (Ponte della Vittoria)

The Democrazia Cristiana has long been the dominant force in the town; From the 1960s onwards, the mafia began to commit gang crime, led mainly by two brothers who formed the Banda Maritan . This in turn was related to the Mala del Brenta , which dissolved in the mid-1990s.

San Donà, meanwhile a traffic junction between Veneto and Friuli, lies between the Trevisan industrial area and the tourist area around Cavallino-Treporti , Jesolo , Eraclea and Caorle . Due to the economic growth from the mid-1990s onwards, there was a high level of immigration. At the end of 2010, 4,676 immigrants were counted among the so-called stranieri residenti , which corresponded to 11.2% of the population.

The municipality has had a public library since 1965 and the Biblioteca "Giovanni XXIII" since 2004; Added to this is the Museo della bonifica , which has existed since 1975 . In addition to a metallurgical company, the Bellini cocktail is bottled on site ; local handicrafts alone account for almost 28% of jobs, making it the most important city in the Veneto in this respect after major centers such as Venice, Verona and Padua. In addition, agriculture (wine, maize, fruit and vegetables) continues to play a significant role.

Town twinning

There is a twinning with the city of Villeneuve-sur-Lot in France .

sons and daughters of the town

gallery

  • The town hall

  • The cathedral from the north

  • A park

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Scheda N ° 1 ( Memento of the original from October 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Comune di San Donà di Piave. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sandonadipiave.net
  3. ↑ Dino Cagnazzi, Giampietro Nardo, Luigi Bonetto, Mario Soldati: Una Terra ricca di memorie, Noventa di Piave , Dolo 1980, pp. 32-34.
  4. ^ Nascita di Cittanova , Comune di Eraclea.
  5. ↑ Dino Cagnazzi: San Dona di Piave , Oderzo 1995th
  6. ↑ Margherita Azzi Visentini: La villa come 'città piccola': il caso veneto, in: Giardini, contesto, paesaggio , vol. 2, Olschki, Florenz 2005, pp. 545f.
  7. ↑ Dino Cagnazzi: I lidi dei Dogi , San Dona di Piave, 1983, S. 319th
  8. ↑ Dino Cagnazzi, Giampietro Nardo, Luigi Bonetto: Una Terra ricca di memorie, Noventa di Piave , Dolo 1980 S. 219th
  9. ^ Palladio, la sua eredità nel mondo , catalog of the exhibition in Vicenza, Basilica Palladiana, May to November 1980, Electa, Milan 1980, p. 253.
  10. ↑ Gabriele Paolini: Venezia 1848-49 , Le Monnier, Florenz 2002, p. 22.
  11. ^ Imelde R. Pellegrini: La valigia a doppio fondo. Gordiano Pacquola nella storia sandonatese del Novecento , Nuovadimensione, Portogruaro, 1990, p. 23.
  12. ↑ Lodovico Bincoletto, Loris Smaniotto: C'era una volta Musile. Viaggio attraverso le cartoline d'epoca dai primi del '900 agli anni '70 , Biennegrafica, Musile di Piave 2007, pp. 48-57.
  13. ^ Mario Bernardi: Di qua e di là dal Piave. Da Caporetto a Vittorio Veneto , Mursia, Milan 1989, p. 71.
  14. ↑ Dino Casagrande, Giacomo Carletto: Il disegno della Città tra utopia e realizzazione , San Dona di Piave of 2002.
  15. ↑ Giulio Bobbo: Resistance in Venice ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.resistenza.de
  16. ↑ Bilancio Demografico e popolazione resident straniera al 31 dicembre 2010 via e sesso cittadinanza , ISTAT.
  17. ↑ Fondazione Leone Moressa, Veneto Impresa "Fotografia del sistema economico regional" (November 15, 2010)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 17.5 MB).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.interacom.it  
  18. ↑ Matteo Piccaia. In: Sikart , accessed January 15, 2016.

Web links

Commons : San Donà di Piave  - Collection of images, videos and audio files