Infantry Regiment "Bremen" (1st Hanseatic) No. 75

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Infantry Regiment "Bremen" (1st Hanseatic) No. 75

active 1866 to 1919
Country City arms Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
Armed forces Prussian Army
Branch of service infantry
Type regiment
structure see structure
Insinuation IX. Army Corps
Location see garrisons
Commanders
list of Commanders
Roll call of the 1st Hanseatic Infantry Regiment No. 75 on the occasion of its 25th anniversary in 1891 on the Domshof in Bremen

The Infantry Regiment "Bremen" (first Hanseatic) No. 75 was an infantry joined the Prussian army , in Bremen and Stade stationed was.

organization

Surname

  • Oct. 2, 1866 - No. 75 Infantry Regiment
  • November 7, 1867 - 1st Hanseatic Infantry Regiment No. 75
  • September 5, 1904 (Imperial Parade) - Infantry Regiment "Bremen" (1st Hanseatic) No. 75

Hanseatic specialties

Since the Hanseatic cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck had problems with the provision of enough conscripts , no restrictions were made on one-year-olds and the reserve requirement for overseas conscripts was suspended.

Insinuation

barracks

from March 23, 1915:

structure

Assignments

  • On April 1, 1881, the regiment ceded its 6th company to the newly established Danzig Infantry Regiment No. 128 .
  • On April 1, 1887, the regiment ceded its 11th company to the 2nd Lower Alsatian Infantry Regiment No. 137 .
  • On October 2, 1893, it established its IV (half) battalion
  • On April 1, 1897 this was given to the 2nd Hanseatic Infantry Regiment No. 76, whose III. Battalion in Lübeck was in the II. Of the newly established third Hanseatic Infantry Regiment. 162 converted from
  • On October 1, 1912, the regiment joined a company to form the 11th company of the newly established III. Battalion of the Schleswig-Holstein Infantry Regiment No. 163 .
  • On October 1, 1913, the regiment joined a company to form the III. Battalion of the "Lübeck" Infantry Regiment (3rd Hanseatic) No. 162.

Armament and equipment

Main armament

Rifle 88

The regiment was armed with the Gewehr 88 and the Seitengewehr 71 . The Gewehr 98 was used from 1906 . Around 1909 a company was equipped with the MG 08 machine gun and converted into an MG company.

uniform

The regiment wore the Prussian uniform with the changes allowed for the Hanseatic City of Bremen. The Hanseatic cockade (red Hanseatic cross on a white background) was worn on the helmet and cap in addition to the black-white-red imperial cockade. The armpit flaps were white with a red number (75), the sleeves were flapped white with yellow piping.

  • Cockade of the German Reich

  • Cockade of the Hanseatic League

As early as August 1914, field-gray cloth was handed out on the way west to cover inexpediently glowing uniform parts.

In the summer of 1915 the long swords of the officers and sergeants disappeared from the front, whereby the clothing and equipment were adapted to those of the men in order to prevent further high losses of leaders.

coat of arms

The regiment adorned itself with the coat of arms of the Free and Hanseatic City of Bremen . The only exception was the flag, as it was not the Bremen coat of arms but the Prussian eagle.

banner

The flags stood on the altar of the garrison church for worship . The flags were returned to Bremen from the field around 1915 because their use in combat no longer corresponded to the conduct of the war and required unnecessary sacrifices.

The Senate of the Hanseatic City of Bremen was the only one of the three cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck to award the three flags of its Hanseatic Infantry Regiment No. 75 with the Hanseatic Cross on the red and white war ribbon.

history

By AKO of September 27, 1866, which is the official foundation day of the regiment, a new regiment was formed in Stettin on November 3, 1866 after the German War from companies of the Pomeranian regiments No. 1 , 3 , 5 and 7 . It formed a musketeer battalion in Harburg and a fusilier battalion in Stade .

By the military convention between Prussia and Bremen of June 27, 1867, the fusilier battalion "Bremen" founded in 1813 was dissolved in the North German Confederation . From this point on, this battalion formed the 1st (musketeer) battalion of the regiment. From 1893 both musketeer battalions were stationed in Bremen, while the fusilier battalion remained in Stade.

Franco-German War

In the war against France in 1870/71 the regiment fought u. a. at the sieges of Metz and Paris , as well as in the battles of Noisseville , Loigny and Poupry , Orléans , Beaugency and Le Mans .

First World War

At the beginning of the First World War , the regiment mobilized on August 2, 1914 and was initially deployed on the Western Front . At Noyon it suffered heavy losses and was replenished by mid-November 1915. It was moved to the Moulin-sous-Touvent position near Autrêches '. In mid-March 1915, the 13th and 14th companies were set up. The 14th Company was then handed over to the newly established Infantry Regiment No. 185 on May 17th as the 7th Company . In mid-June 1916 the regiment was expanded to include a 2nd and 3rd MG company. After heavy fighting, the 13th Company was disbanded at the end of February 1918. The same applied from October 19, 1918, when the III. Battalion dissolved and the 1st and 2nd Battalion formed into three companies and one machine gun company each. Shortly afterwards, after heavy losses at St. Fergeux, the remainder of the regiment was combined into a combat battalion with four companies. Just two days later, a combat battalion with two companies and two machine-gun companies was formed from it.

Whereabouts

On November 12, 1918, the regiment was reorganized into a 1st and 2nd battalion of three companies each and one machine gun company. After the armistice, the remnants of the association retreated back home. They arrived at the Sebaldsbrück train station on January 1, 1919 , were greeted with patriotic speeches on the Bremen market square and then moved into the barracks in Bremen's Neustadt district . There they were surrounded and disarmed by armed workers. This was followed by demobilization .

The officers were opposed to the November Revolution. Civil circles therefore saw the regiment as a force for the liquidation of the Bremen Soviet Republic . Some soldiers of the regiment should then form part of the soldiers' council of the Soviet republic. These, including Major Walter Caspari , were pushed out of the soldiers' council. From the end of January 1919 it formed the Freikorps "Caspari" in Verden , which, together with the "Gerstenberg" division, attacked the Soviet Republic on February 4, 1919 and defeated it militarily. After deployments in the Hanseatic city, the government protection force for Bremen was formed on February 8, 1919, which mainly consisted of former members of the 1st Hanseatic League. This, paramilitary, government protection force was on November 1, 1919 in the course of demobilization into Division IV of the civil security police.

The tradition in the Reichswehr was adopted by the 1st Company of the 16th Infantry Regiment in Bremen by decree of the Chief of the Army Command, General of the Infantry Hans von Seeckt on August 24, 1921 . In the Wehrmacht , the 65th Infantry Regiment in Delmenhorst continued the tradition.

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Colonel Friedrich von Buddenbrock October 30, 1866 to July 17, 1870
Colonel Wilhelm of the East July 18, 1870 to December 11, 1872
Colonel Ludwig von Knobloch December 12, 1872 to April 16, 1879
Lieutenant colonel Timon von Rauchhaupt April 17 to June 10, 1879 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel Timon von Rauchhaupt June 11, 1879 to November 10, 1884
Colonel Gustav von der Lancken November 11, 1884 to August 9, 1888
Lieutenant colonel Fedor von Brodowski August 10 to November 12, 1888 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel Fedor von Brodowski November 13, 1888 to June 15, 1891
Colonel Franz Xaver von Garnier June 16, 1891 to September 12, 1895
Colonel Karl von Barton called von Stedman May 13, 1895 to July 19, 1898
Colonel Wilhelm von Bötticher July 20, 1898 to July 21, 1900
Colonel Hugo Sasse July 22, 1900 to April 17, 1903
Colonel Paul Albrecht April 18, 1903 to January 26, 1908
Colonel Richard von Webern January 27, 1908 to April 20, 1911
Colonel Max Woide April 21, 1911 to March 21, 1914
Colonel Eugen Jäger March 22 to September 20, 1914
Lieutenant colonel Georg Bruhn September 21, 1914 to May 31, 1915
Colonel Otto von Trautmann 0June 1 to October 28, 1915
major Wilhelm Hagedorn October 29, 1915 to January 19, 1919
Colonel Karl Brentano January 20, 1919 until dissolution

References

literature

  • Book of Honor of the Hanseatic League. Experiences and hero struggles of the Hanseatic Regiments No. 75 and 76 in the war against France 1870–71. With list of losses and register of the owners of the iron cross. Historically depicted according to the best sources. 2nd edition Hamburg: Nestler & Melle o. J. [around 1872], 232, XVIII p.
  • Ernst Zipfel , Otto Albrecht : History of the Infantry Regiment Bremen (1st Hanseatic) No. 75. Verlag HM Hauschild , Bremen 1934.
  • Bremen Infantry Regiment in the field 1914–1918. Leuwer. Bremen 1919.
  • Walter Caspari : The last days of the major battle on October 29, 30, 31 and November 1, 1918. Bremen, no date.
  • Infantry Regiment Bremen (1st Hanseatic) No. 75 from 1866 to 1908. Overview of the army history for the non-commissioned officers and men of the regiment compiled on official request. Bajanz & Studer. Berlin 1908.
  • Jürgen Kraus : Handbook of the associations and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part VI: Infantry. Volume 1: Infantry Regiments. Publishing house Militaria. Vienna 2007. ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 . P. 137.
  • Sebastian Willert: The Infantry Regiment No. 75 and the Bremen Home Front. In: Eva Schöck-Quinteros u. a. (Ed.): A city at war. Bremen 1914–1918. University of Bremen, Institute for History, Bremen 2013, pp. 47–86.
  • Diethelm Knauf, Armin Ritter, Rüdiger Ritter: With a camera and infantry rifle. Eugen Ritter from Bremen: Pictures of a German life. Biographical sketches from the German national milieu. Edition Falkenberg, Bremen, 1st edition 2014. ISBN 978-3-95494-046-2 .
  • Peter Kuckuk, with the collaboration of Ulrich Schröder: Bremen in the German Revolution 1918/1919. Revolution, Soviet republic, restoration. Edition Falkenberg, Bremen, 2nd revised and expanded edition 2017. ISBN 978-3-95494-115-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Martin Lezius : flags and standards of the old Prussian army. Franckh'sche Verlag Buchhandlung. Stuttgart 1935.
  2. ^ Jürgen Kraus: Handbook of the units and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part VI: Infantry. Volume 1: Infantry Regiments. Publishing house Militaria. Vienna 2007. ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 . P. 137.
  3. ^ Karl Schneider: Deployed abroad. Bremen Police Battalions and the Holocaust . Bremen 2011, p. 35-40 .
  4. ^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 2: The occupation of the active infantry regiments as well as Jäger and MG battalions, military district commands and training managers from the foundation or list until 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1992, ISBN 3-7648-1782-8 , pp. 199-200 .