34th Infantry Brigade (German Empire)
34th Infantry Brigade (Grand Ducal Mecklenburg) |
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Seal mark |
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active | October 11, 1866 to October 1, 1919 |
Country | Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg |
Armed forces | Prussian Army |
Branch of service | infantry |
Type | brigade |
structure | see story |
Location | see story |
management | |
Commanders | see commanders |
deputy commanders | see Commanders of the Deputy Brigade Command |
The 34th Infantry Brigade (Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische) was a large unit of the Prussian Army .
history
The 34th Infantry Brigade was established on October 11, 1866 after the German War . The command was in Schwerin and in peacetime was the 17th Division of IX. Army Corps subordinated. Attached to the brigade were the Grenadier Regiment No. 89 in Schwerin, the Fusilier Regiment No. 90 in Rostock and the Landwehr districts of Rostock and Wismar. At times, until it was moved to Alsace in 1890, the Mecklenburg Jäger Battalion No. 14 and at the beginning of the First World War the Lauenburg Jäger Battalion No. 9 from Ratzeburg .
When the Compiègne armistice came into force , the brigade's troops were brought home. According to the by the Treaty of Versailles related demobilization , the brigade was disbanded on October 1, 1919th
Franco-German War
As part of the 17th Division, the brigade was commanded to northern Schleswig-Holstein on July 18, 1870 at the beginning of the war against France . After the large unit marched into France, she took part in the sieges of Metz , Toul and Paris . The brigade also came in the battles of Loigny and Poupry , Orléans , Beaugency and Cravant and Le Mans , as well as in the battles at Dreux , La Madeleine-Bouvet , Bellême , Meung , Oucques , Fréteval , Morée , Pezou , Courtalain , Connerré and Thorigné for use.
First World War
The brigade had been used exclusively on the Western Front during the First World War .
The brigade also set up Brigade Replacement Battalion 34. The 1st Battalion of the newly established Infantry Regiment No. 362 was formed from this association on July 9, 1915 . Furthermore, the Fusilier Regiment No. 90 switched to the 33rd Infantry Brigade on September 10, 1914 and returned on September 29, 1914.
Following the Schlieffen Plan , the brigade advanced through Belgium towards France . However, there was unexpected resistance there. Only after the conquest of Liège , the collapse of the Gette position between Halen and Tirlemont in the Battle of the Gette , the Battle of Mons and the Battle of Genly , France was reached.
After the battles at St. Quentin and the Ourcq , as well as battles at Château-Thierry , Montmiral and Leuze , Montceaux and Esternay , the war of movement turned into a positional war . The Battle of the Aisne marked the beginning of several battles, for example at Moulin-sous-Touvent on September 20, on the Aisne . This was followed by fights in the Bois de St. Mard . On March 23, 1915, the brigade was also assigned the “Bremen” infantry regiment (1st Hanseatic) No. 75 . After the large association fought at Quennevières-Ferme ( Tracy-le-Mont ) and had been used again at Moulin-Sous-Touvent, she took part in the autumn battle in Champagne and stayed there. She stormed and conquered the Avre height (height 193) west of Tahures on December 17, 1915 .
At the end of February 1916, the Navarin position north of Somme-Py and west of the Navarin-Ferme was taken. After a period of preparation in Mézières , the brigade was transferred to the Battle of the Somme . After the end of the battle, she stayed on the Somme and took part in the battle in Miraumont in February 1917 . The Mecklenburgers were used several times in the Siegfried position. In between they fought in the spring battle at Arras , the autumn battle in Flanders and the trench warfare in the Artois .
In the spring of 1918, the brigade was prepared for the German spring offensive , where it was to fight in the Imperial Battle. Here she followed the line Arras - Albert and took part in the breakthrough battle between Monchy and Cambrai , the Battle of Bapaume , and a battle near Bucquoy . This is where the German attack efforts should end.
After trench warfare in Flanders , the brigade was used in the defensive battle on the Marne . Already behind the Marne it was on the Vesle , Hunding position and finally on the Antwerp-Maas position.
Commanders
Rank | Surname | date |
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Major general | Gustav von Pritzelwitz | October 11, 1866 to July 17, 1870 |
Colonel / Major General | Rudolf von Manteuffel | July 18, 1870 to June 2, 1871 (in charge of the tour) |
Major general | Rudolf von Manteuffel | June 3, 1871 to November 18, 1876 |
Colonel | Julius von Boehn | November 19, 1876 to March 12, 1877 (in charge of the tour) |
Colonel / Major General | Julius von Boehn | March 13, 1877 to May 12, 1879 |
Colonel | Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff | May 13, 1879 to February 2, 1880 (responsible for the tour) |
Major general | Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff | February 3, 1880 to December 26, 1881 |
Major general | August of Oppell | December 27, 1881 to March 9, 1883 |
Major general | Hans von Kretschmann | March 15, 1883 to March 21, 1886 |
Major general | Emil von Fischer | March 22, 1886 to July 9, 1888 |
Major general | Berthold von Nickisch | July 10, 1888 to November 3, 1890 |
Colonel | Richard von Klitzing | November 4 to 17, 1890 (in charge of the tour) |
Major general | Richard von Klitzing | November 18, 1890 to June 16, 1893 |
Major general | Hermann von Graberg | June 17, 1893 to April 16, 1897 |
Major general | August of Holstein | April 17, 1897 to January 26, 1899 |
Major general | Hans von Bonin | January 27, 1899 to December 17, 1901 |
Major General / Lieutenant General | Alfred von Haugwitz | December 18, 1901 to April 9, 1906 |
Major general | Kurt von Sanden | April 10, 1906 to February 19, 1909 |
Major general | Horst von Rosenberg-Gruszczynski | February 20, 1909 to April 21, 1912 |
Major general | Richard von Kraewel | April 22, 1912 to September 24, 1914 |
Colonel | Ernst von Reuter | September 25 to October 24, 1914 |
Lieutenant colonel | Curt von Wangenheim | September 25 to November 17, 1914 (substitute) |
Colonel | Rüdiger von der Goltz | November 18, 1914 to May 28, 1915 |
Colonel | Hartwig von Eichendorff | May 29, 1915 to April 28, 1917 |
Colonel | Curt von Wangenheim | April 29, 1917 to October 1, 1919 |
Commanders of the Deputy Brigade Command
Rank | Surname | date |
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Lieutenant General z.D. | Lothar Heinzel | August 2 to 12, 1914 |
Lieutenant General zD | Gustav von Hoppenstedt | August 13, 1914 to May 15, 1917 |
Major general | Gustav von Förster | May 16 to November 15, 1917 |
Major general | Georg von Rode | November 16, 1917 to February 5, 1918 |
Major general | Wilhelm Oltmann | March 10 to December 30, 1918 |
literature
- Hans von Sodenstern: War history of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Fusilier Regiment No. 90 Kaiser Wilhelm (1914-1918). Rostock Commission, Rostock 1923/24.
- Curt Freiherr von Wangenheim: Grand Ducal Mecklenburg. Grenadier Regiment No. 89 (memorial sheets of German regiments, information booklet 13), Verlag Gerhard Stalling , Oldenburg / Berlin 1922.
- Ernst Zipfel : History of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Grenadier Regiment No. 89. Printing and publishing of the Bärensprungschen Hofbuchdruckerei. Schwerin 1932.
- Ernst Zipfel, Otto Albrecht : History of the Infantry Regiment Bremen (1st Hanseatic) No. 75. HM Hauschild , Bremen 1934.
- Curt Badinski : From a long time. Reminder sheets of the Jäger-Feld-Battalion No. 9. World War 1914–1918. Vol. 1, Lauenburgischer Heimatverlag, Ratzeburg 1932.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Jürgen Kraus : Handbook of the associations and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part VI: Infantry. Volume 1: Infantry Regiments. Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 , p. 321.
- ^ Jürgen Kraus: Handbook of the associations and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part VI: Infantry. Volume 1: Infantry Regiments. Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 , p. 137.
- ↑ a b Dermot Bradley (ed.), Günter Wegner: Occupation of the German Army 1815-1939. Volume 1: The higher command posts 1815-1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1990, ISBN 3-7648-1780-1 , p. 264.