34th Infantry Brigade (German Empire)

34th Infantry Brigade (Grand Ducal Mecklenburg)
Seal mark
active	October 11, 1866 to October 1, 1919
Country	Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg
Armed forces	Prussian Army
Branch of service	infantry
Type	brigade
structure	see story
Location	see story
management
Commanders	see commanders
deputy commanders	see Commanders of the Deputy Brigade Command

The 34th Infantry Brigade (Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische) was a large unit of the Prussian Army .

history

The 34th Infantry Brigade was established on October 11, 1866 after the German War . The command was in Schwerin and in peacetime was the 17th Division of IX. Army Corps subordinated. Attached to the brigade were the Grenadier Regiment No. 89 in Schwerin, the Fusilier Regiment No. 90 in Rostock and the Landwehr districts of Rostock and Wismar. At times, until it was moved to Alsace in 1890, the Mecklenburg Jäger Battalion No. 14 and at the beginning of the First World War the Lauenburg Jäger Battalion No. 9 from Ratzeburg .

When the Compiègne armistice came into force , the brigade's troops were brought home. According to the by the Treaty of Versailles related demobilization , the brigade was disbanded on October 1, 1919th

Franco-German War

As part of the 17th Division, the brigade was commanded to northern Schleswig-Holstein on July 18, 1870 at the beginning of the war against France . After the large unit marched into France, she took part in the sieges of Metz , Toul and Paris . The brigade also came in the battles of Loigny and Poupry , Orléans , Beaugency and Cravant and Le Mans , as well as in the battles at Dreux , La Madeleine-Bouvet , Bellême , Meung , Oucques , Fréteval , Morée , Pezou , Courtalain , Connerré and Thorigné for use.

First World War

The brigade had been used exclusively on the Western Front during the First World War .

The brigade also set up Brigade Replacement Battalion 34. The 1st Battalion of the newly established Infantry Regiment No. 362 was formed from this association on July 9, 1915 . Furthermore, the Fusilier Regiment No. 90 switched to the 33rd Infantry Brigade on September 10, 1914 and returned on September 29, 1914.

Following the Schlieffen Plan , the brigade advanced through Belgium towards France . However, there was unexpected resistance there. Only after the conquest of Liège , the collapse of the Gette position between Halen and Tirlemont in the Battle of the Gette , the Battle of Mons and the Battle of Genly , France was reached.

The Grand Duke in conversation with Colonel Graf vd Goltz

Operation Michael (Imperial Battle)

After the battles at St. Quentin and the Ourcq , as well as battles at Château-Thierry , Montmiral and Leuze , Montceaux and Esternay , the war of movement turned into a positional war . The Battle of the Aisne marked the beginning of several battles, for example at Moulin-sous-Touvent on September 20, on the Aisne . This was followed by fights in the Bois de St. Mard . On March 23, 1915, the brigade was also assigned the “Bremen” infantry regiment (1st Hanseatic) No. 75 . After the large association fought at Quennevières-Ferme ( Tracy-le-Mont ) and had been used again at Moulin-Sous-Touvent, she took part in the autumn battle in Champagne and stayed there. She stormed and conquered the Avre height (height 193) west of Tahures on December 17, 1915 .

At the end of February 1916, the Navarin position north of Somme-Py and west of the Navarin-Ferme was taken. After a period of preparation in Mézières , the brigade was transferred to the Battle of the Somme . After the end of the battle, she stayed on the Somme and took part in the battle in Miraumont in February 1917 . The Mecklenburgers were used several times in the Siegfried position. In between they fought in the spring battle at Arras , the autumn battle in Flanders and the trench warfare in the Artois .

In the spring of 1918, the brigade was prepared for the German spring offensive , where it was to fight in the Imperial Battle. Here she followed the line Arras - Albert and took part in the breakthrough battle between Monchy and Cambrai , the Battle of Bapaume , and a battle near Bucquoy . This is where the German attack efforts should end.

German defensive positions

After trench warfare in Flanders , the brigade was used in the defensive battle on the Marne . Already behind the Marne it was on the Vesle , Hunding position and finally on the Antwerp-Maas position.

Commanders

Rank	Surname	date
Major general	Gustav von Pritzelwitz	October 11, 1866 to July 17, 1870
Colonel / Major General	Rudolf von Manteuffel	July 18, 1870 to June 2, 1871 (in charge of the tour)
Major general	Rudolf von Manteuffel	0June 3, 1871 to November 18, 1876
Colonel	Julius von Boehn	November 19, 1876 to March 12, 1877 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel / Major General	Julius von Boehn	March 13, 1877 to May 12, 1879
Colonel	Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff	May 13, 1879 to February 2, 1880 (responsible for the tour)
Major general	Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff	0February 3, 1880 to December 26, 1881
Major general	August of Oppell	December 27, 1881 to March 9, 1883
Major general	Hans von Kretschmann	March 15, 1883 to March 21, 1886
Major general	Emil von Fischer	March 22, 1886 to July 9, 1888
Major general	Berthold von Nickisch	July 10, 1888 to November 3, 1890
Colonel	Richard von Klitzing	0November 4 to 17, 1890 (in charge of the tour)
Major general	Richard von Klitzing	November 18, 1890 to June 16, 1893
Major general	Hermann von Graberg	June 17, 1893 to April 16, 1897
Major general	August of Holstein	April 17, 1897 to January 26, 1899
Major general	Hans von Bonin	January 27, 1899 to December 17, 1901
Major General / Lieutenant General	Alfred von Haugwitz	December 18, 1901 to April 9, 1906
Major general	Kurt von Sanden	April 10, 1906 to February 19, 1909
Major general	Horst von Rosenberg-Gruszczynski	February 20, 1909 to April 21, 1912
Major general	Richard von Kraewel	April 22, 1912 to September 24, 1914
Colonel	Ernst von Reuter	September 25 to October 24, 1914
Lieutenant colonel	Curt von Wangenheim	September 25 to November 17, 1914 (substitute)
Colonel	Rüdiger von der Goltz	November 18, 1914 to May 28, 1915
Colonel	Hartwig von Eichendorff	May 29, 1915 to April 28, 1917
Colonel	Curt von Wangenheim	April 29, 1917 to October 1, 1919

Commanders of the Deputy Brigade Command

Rank	Surname	date
Lieutenant General z.D.	Lothar Heinzel	0August 2 to 12, 1914
Lieutenant General zD	Gustav von Hoppenstedt	August 13, 1914 to May 15, 1917
Major general	Gustav von Förster	May 16 to November 15, 1917
Major general	Georg von Rode	November 16, 1917 to February 5, 1918
Major general	Wilhelm Oltmann	March 10 to December 30, 1918

literature

• Hans von Sodenstern: War history of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Fusilier Regiment No. 90 Kaiser Wilhelm (1914-1918). Rostock Commission, Rostock 1923/24.
• Curt Freiherr von Wangenheim: Grand Ducal Mecklenburg. Grenadier Regiment No. 89 (memorial sheets of German regiments, information booklet 13), Verlag Gerhard Stalling , Oldenburg / Berlin 1922.
• Ernst Zipfel : History of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Grenadier Regiment No. 89. Printing and publishing of the Bärensprungschen Hofbuchdruckerei. Schwerin 1932.
• Ernst Zipfel, Otto Albrecht : History of the Infantry Regiment Bremen (1st Hanseatic) No. 75. HM Hauschild , Bremen 1934.
• Curt Badinski : From a long time. Reminder sheets of the Jäger-Feld-Battalion No. 9. World War 1914–1918. Vol. 1, Lauenburgischer Heimatverlag, Ratzeburg 1932.

Web links

Commons : 34th Infantry Brigade  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jürgen Kraus : Handbook of the associations and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part VI: Infantry. Volume 1: Infantry Regiments. Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 , p. 321.
2. ^ Jürgen Kraus: Handbook of the associations and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part VI: Infantry. Volume 1: Infantry Regiments. Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 , p. 137.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Dermot Bradley (ed.), Günter Wegner: Occupation of the German Army 1815-1939. Volume 1: The higher command posts 1815-1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1990, ISBN 3-7648-1780-1 , p. 264.