Infantry Regiment "Kaiser Wilhelm, King of Prussia" (2nd Württembergisches) No. 120

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The infantry regiment "Kaiser Wilhelm, King of Prussia" (2nd Württembergisches) No. 120 was from 1808 to 1919 an association of the Württemberg Army .

Infantry Regiment "Kaiser Wilhelm, King of Prussia" (2nd Württembergisches) No. 120

active 1807 to 1919
Country Kingdom of Württemberg Kingdom of Württemberg
Armed forces Württemberg Army
Branch of service infantry
Type Infantry regiment
structure See outline
Insinuation XIII. (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps
Location See garrisons
march Presentation march: “March I. Bat. Guard. "(AM 1, 7)
Parade March:" Prussian March "(AM II, 24)
management
Commanders See list of commanders
Memorial for the regiment in Ulm (Wilhelmsburg)

history

Surname

The regiment was formed in 1808 as Prince Friedrich's infantry regiment from the Lilienberg musketeer battalion ( a second battalion was added to this battalion , which had existed since 1804 ). In 1811 it was renamed the Prince Friedrich Infantry Regiment No. 5 . With the military reform of 1817, the addition was dropped and the regiment was called the 2nd Infantry Regiment from March 31, 1817 .

After the military convention with the North German Confederation of 21./25. On November 2nd, 1870, like all Wuerttemberg troops to distinguish it from troops from other German states, on October 2, 1871, it received the corresponding addition of the 2nd Württemberg Infantry Regiment . On March 3, 1871, Kaiser Wilhelm I became head of the regiment, which was then called the 2nd Württemberg Infantry Regiment, Kaiser Wilhelm, King of Prussia . On December 18, 1871, all Württemberg regiments received additional numbers. These corresponded to the consecutive numbering of all regiments of the German Armed Forces, regardless of their affiliation to one of the contingents, the regiment was given the number 120: 2nd Württemberg Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm, King of Prussia No. 120 . On December 14, 1874, all troop units were given the names in the final spelling and numbering: Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm, King of Prussia (2nd Württembergisches) No. 120

The tradition of the regiment was taken over by the 12th Company of the 13th (Württemberg) Infantry Regiment in the Reichswehr .

Garrisons

Battle calendar

  • 1809 on the French side against Austria in the Vandamme division .
  • 1814 against France in the Bohemian Army, 1,469 men.

The regiment did not take part in the campaigns in 1812 and 1813.

  • 1815 against France in the Bohemian Army, around 1,250 men.
  • 1848 in the state and in Baden against revolutionaries .
  • 1849 in Schleswig-Holstein and in Baden, strength around 1,800 men. No fighting.
  • 1866 against Prussia , strength 35 officers and ensigns, 966 NCOs and men. The regiment fought at Tauberbischofsheim and Gerchsheim . Casualties: 28 killed, 34 wounded, 28 prisoners.
  • 1870/1871 against France . The regiment moved out with a strength of 44 officers and 2,121 NCOs and men with the Württemberg division in the 3rd Army . Casualties: 85 killed, 195 wounded, 1 prisoner.
  • In 1900 soldiers of the regiment participated in the second international expeditionary force in China in unknown strengths. An officer fell there.
  • In 1904/1906 3 officers, 3 NCOs and 41 men of the regiment took part in the fight against the Herero . Casualties: 1 wounded
  • During the First World War , the regiment always fought within the 27th Infantry Division only in the west.
The XIII. Army Corps initially fought in the Argonne .
On October 7, 1914, the 27th Infantry Division was assigned to the XVI. Subordinated to the Prussian Army Corps and stayed in the Argonne.
In June 1915, the division captured the French plants "Cimitère" and "Bagatelle". In the fall, the "Lägeler Combat Group", which was composed of one battalion each from regiments 120, 123 and 124, fought as part of the 21st Prussian division. In December the division was transferred to Flanders and joined the XIII. Army Corps back.
From July 1, 1916, the division fought in the Battle of the Somme .
From March 1917 the division was "independent". On April 11, 1917, at the Battle of Arras near Bullecourt on April 11, 1917, they repulsed an attack by Australian troops, taking 28 officers and 1,150 men prisoner and capturing 80 machine guns. She held her position against three English divisions until May 5th. The division was also used in the second and third battles of Flanders . During the German spring offensive in 1918 , she advanced to Aveluy in Operation Michael . In the retreat fights she went back to the Antwerp-Maas position , from where she marched back to Württemberg on foot after the Armistice of Compiègne .
The losses amounted to 3,340 dead, 718 missing and 8,913 wounded. On August 9, 1918, the regiment had a combat strength of 250 men.

  • March in the west

  • 27th Inf. Div. at the Battle of Longwy August 1914

  • 27th Inf. Div. in the Argonne August 1914

  • 27th Inf. Div. At the end of 1914 on the Western Front

  • 27th Inf. Div. 1914-1915

  • 27th Inf. Div. 1915

  • 27th Inf. Div. Late 1915

  • 27th Inf. Div. 1916 in Flanders

  • 27th Inf. Div. 1916 on the Somme

  • 27th Inf. Div. 1917 at Bullecourt

  • 27th Inf. Div. 1917

  • 27th Inf. Div. 1917

  • Operation Michael in the German spring offensive (Kaiserschlacht) 1918

  • Retreat fights 1918

  • March back in the west 1914

assignment

The regiment had the order to lead the infantry fire fight. In peacetime, the soldiers were trained to use appropriate weapons and as patient carriers.

organization

Association membership

Until 1816 there were no major associations in Württemberg during peace . Such were only put together for individual campaigns.

With the fundamental reorganization in 1817, the Württemberg army was divided into large units for the first time in peacetime. The regiment, together with the 1st Infantry Regiment, formed the 1st Brigade in the 1st Division . In July 1849, the Württemberg army was reorganized. The infantry was grouped into just one division (without a number).

From 1871 to 1914 the regiment belonged to the 53rd Infantry Brigade (3rd Royal Württemberg) in Ulm , ( 27th Division (2nd Royal Württemberg) , XIII (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps , 5th Army).

In the First World War, the peace structure initially remained. In December the 27th Division with the XIII. Army Corps of the 4th Army subordinated to Duke Albrecht von Württemberg in Flanders. From March 1917 the 27th division (like all German divisions) was independent, but initially remained with the new XIII. General Command. In April 1917 she was subordinated to the XIV Reserve Corps.

structure

Until 1871 the regiment consisted of two battalions .

On October 31, 1873, the third battalion, the Fusilier Battalion, was set up with four companies : the 9th company from the 3rd company Grenadier Regiment "King Karl" (5th Württembergisches) No. 123 , the 10th company from the 8th . Company Infantry Regiment "King Wilhelm I." (6th Württembergisches) No. 124 and the 11th company from the 18th Company Infantry Regiment "Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden" (8th Württembergisches) No. 126 .

On October 2, 1893, the 4th Battalion from the regiment itself was added.

Taxes of the regiment:

Levies

All of these taxes were re-established from the regiment.

  • On April 1, 1897, the IV. Half-Battalion came to the establishment of the 9th Württemberg Infantry Regiment No. 127 as the II. Battalion there.

Commanders

No. Surname Beginning of the appointment Remarks
1. Colonel Wilhelm Karl Friedrich von Nettelhorst September 4, 1808
2. Colonel Heinrich Constantin Franz von Dernbach July 1811 then commander 1st Inf.-Regt.
3. Colonel Rudolph von Bünau 0February 6, 1812
4th Major General Friedrich von Doerung 1812 1814 Commander 8th Inf.-Regt.
5. Colonel Johann Ludwig von Cornotte 0February 3, 1813
6th Colonel Christian von Kellenbach 0February 3, 1813
7th Colonel Rudolph von Bünau 1813 later court marshal
8th. Colonel Christian Alexander von Stumpe 0January 1, 1814
9. Colonel Fidel von König July 30, 1817
10. Colonel Christian von Kellenbach December 31, 1819
11. Colonel Eugen Heinrich Georg von Klinkowström 1828 then commander 4th Inf.-Brig.
12. Colonel Clemens von Haya 1837
13. Colonel Ferdinand Friedrich Freiherr Schilling von Cannstatt 1850
14th Colonel Ludwig von Glaser June 11, 1860
15th Colonel Wilhelm Graf von Reischach 1867
16. Colonel Albert von Ringler July 20, 1870
17th Colonel Karl Freiherr von Stetten-Buchenbach 0April 6, 1874
18th Colonel Karl von Graevenitz November 22, 1875 then commander of the 53rd Inf.-Brig.
19th Colonel August von Reinhardt May 21, 1884
20th Colonel Eduard von Alberti August 16, 1885 then Commander 62nd Inf.-Brig.
21st Colonel Daniel Krummacher October 20, 1889
22nd Colonel Oskar Freiherr von Seckendorf 0March 5, 1892
23. Colonel Paul von Fragstein and Niemsdorff May 14, 1894 then Commander 11th Inf.-Brig.
24. Colonel Adolf von Schempp July 20, 1897
25th Colonel Joseph von Schmitt May 18, 1901 then commander of the 52nd Inf.-Brig.
26th Colonel Hermann von Rampacher April 24, 1904 to March 20, 1908 then commander of the 31st Inf.-Brig.
27. Colonel Friedrich von Auwärter March 21, 1908 then commander of 54th Inf.-Brig.
28. Colonel Georg von Körbling March 21, 1912 then commander of the 53rd Inf.-Brig
29 Colonel Theodor Renner December 12, 1914 then Chief of the General Staff of the VIII Army Corps
30th Georg von Körbling February 1915
31. Colonel Alfred Breyer 0April 6, 1915 then commander 407th Inf.-Brig.
32. Colonel Gerold von Gleich 0January 6, 1917 from the Dragoon Regiment "König" (2nd Württemberg) No. 26
then Commander 18th Res.-Inf.-Brig.
33. Major Wilhelm Bader May 1917 later in command of the 51st Agricultural Inf.-Brig.
34. Lieutenant Colonel Scupin April 1918

Heads of regiments

Armament and equipment

Main armament

Rifles with percussion locks were introduced in 1831, the Minié rifle in 1851 , the Mauser M71 rifle from 1871 and the Karabiner 98 from 1898 . At the beginning of the First World War each infantry regiment had 6 heavy machine guns , at the end of 1917 36 heavy and 72 light machine guns .

uniform

  • 1808: Closed dark blue skirt to the waist with light blue collar, lapels , borders and armpit flaps . White bandolier and white belt. White cloth pants, black leggings and shoes. Casket with a black caterpillar, yellow fittings and a brass shield with a royal coat of arms.
  • 1817: Service coat in the months of November to April a royal blue kutka (up to an inch above the kneecap), in the months of May to October a royal blue Spenzer (up to the hips), without buttons, with a closed blue collar and Polish cuffs. Yellow metal epaulettes with a silver crescent moon and a yellow cloth lining with a white company number. Black collar. Royal blue, half-width trousers (white trousers and gaiters in summer). Black shako made of felt with leather cover, front metal shield with regimental number and black and red cockade. Black waist shoes (from 1820 short black gaiters and shoes). The leather gear (worn under the epaulettes) was white. Light gray coat.
  • 1821: Royal blue Colett with two rows of buttons (with regimental number) in front, blue, red piped closed collar and blue Polish lapels with red piping. Blue pants with red piping. Red cuffs, red epaulettes with red lining.
  • 1849: Single-breasted blue tunic with white buttons and red collar. Red armpit tabs with white ones with regimental numbers.
  • 1864: Dark blue, red lined skirt with two rows of buttons, four buttons on the back. The epaulettes are omitted, as badges of rank stars on the collar as in Austria.
  • 1871: On the armpit flaps No. 122. Prussian helmet ( spiked hood ) with Württemberg coat of arms and the motto “Fearless and trew”
Armpit flaps of the regiment
  • 1874: Single-breasted (until 1892 double-breasted) dark blue tunic with six in front and two yellow buttons on the flaps, red collar (dark blue protrusion), Brandenburg red cuffs with blue flap protrusions, red epaulettes, armpits and armpit flaps with crowned signature "W"; There was a button with a company number on each of the armpit flaps and three buttons on the back pocket strips. Black collar. Black leather gear, new silver belt lock with the Württemberg coat of arms and the inscription "Furchtlos und trew". Prussian helmet ( Pickelhaube ) with Württemberg coat of arms and the motto "Feartlos und trew". Black and blue pants (also for the parade ). Boots Knobelbecher .
  • 1887: from March 3rd. Name "W" on armpit flaps, epaulettes and shoulder pieces, from 11.08. black hair bush for the parade.
  • 1899: "As a regular showpiece for the helmet the black, for minstrels the red hair bush".

  • Musketeer 1897

  • Dismissed in 1897

  • Certificate of good conduct 1897

  • Military exercise 1902

banner

Nothing is known about the flags from 1804. The first new flags were awarded to the 1st and 2nd battalions on May 26th, 1811: light blue cloth with golden fringes on the sides. On one side the crowned name "FR" in gold, on the other side the large Württemberg coat of arms on a crowned coat of arms. As with all regiments, on October 4, 1818, the flags were replaced by standards, which were replaced by new flags by the Supreme Order of September 3, 1851. Each battalion received a flag made of burgundy-red cloth with white fringes on all sides. In the middle of one side was the gold and yellow crowned name “W”, the other side the Württemberg coat of arms held by a yellow deer and a black lion, the inscription “Feartlos und trew” on a blue foreign exchange ribbon and the white cross of the Order of Military Merit .

The Fusilier Battalion also received a flag in Stuttgart on December 2, 1874. It corresponded to the previous flags, but had no fringes and the name "K" on the front. On December 3, 1894, the IV. Battalion received the same flag with the name “W” on the front and in the top of the pole “WR” with a crown; this remained with the regiment when the IV. Half-Battalion was surrendered in 1897 and was used as the second flag in parades by the I. Battalion.

  • Large coat of arms of King Friedrich

  • Württemberg standard 1818

  • Württemberg flag

Others

  • The 1st company won the King's Prize in 1899, the 8th company in 1903, 1904, 1919 and 1910, and the 12th company in 1911, 1912 and 1913.
  • On November 4, 1891, the regiment placed an honorary company with a flag at the funeral of King Charles .
  • On March 22, 1897, a delegation from the regiment was at the inauguration of the Kaiser Wilhelm National Monument in Berlin.
  • In Weingarten, the "Zweierweg" was named after the regiment.

Persons in the regiment

  • Heinrich Michael Edelmann was a captain in the regiment in 1848.
  • Wilhelm Wieland (1818–1898) was the military bandmaster of the 3rd Württemberg music corps . Brigade until 1851 and was then transferred to Regiment No. 120, where he served until 1868. He composed the "King Wilhelm March".

References

swell

Web links

literature

  • Pfister: Brief history of the infantry regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2.Württ.) No. 120. Stuttgart 1881.
  • Petermann: History of the Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2nd Württemberg) No. 120 Stuttgart 1896.
  • Koch: Brief history of the Kaiser Wilhelm infantry regiment (2nd Württemberg) No. 120 for the 225th anniversary. Ravensburg 1898.
  • Menzel: Brief history of the infantry regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2.Württ.) No. 120 1673/1909. Stuttgart 1909.
  • Hugo Flaischlen: History of the Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2.Württ.) No. 120. Stuttgart 1938.
  • Georg Simon: The infantry regiment "Kaiser Wilhelm, King of Prussia" (2nd Württemb.) No. 120 in World War 1914–1918 . Belser, Stuttgart 1922. (Volume 22 of the series The Württemberg Regiments in World War I , available digitally at urn : nbn: de: bsz: 24-digibib-bsz4079587464 )
  • Günther Voigt: Germany's armies until 1918. Volume 4. Biblio, Osnabrück 1982, ISBN 3-7648-1285-0 .
  • Leo Ignaz von Stadlinger: History of the Württemberg war system. Guttenberg, Stuttgart 1856.
  • Hans-Joachim Harder: Military history handbook Baden-Württemberg. Edited by the Military History Research Office . Kohlhammer Verlag , Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-17-009856-X .
  • Uniform regulation for the Royal Wütemberg Military. Royal Court and Chancellery Printing House Gebrüder Mäntler, Stuttgart 1818.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Following the Austrian model, the regiments changed their garrisons in 1833 and 1842 in order to prevent the cadre from becoming firmly rooted in the cities." Quoted from Harder, page 66
  2. ^ Moser, page 75
  3. ↑ In March 1917 the general commands of the army corps were converted into so-called group commands. These troops were no longer permanently subordinate to them, but were assigned to them alternately at times by the Supreme Army Command .
  4. ↑ A simple “from” in the name means personal nobility, which was given to every officer from major.
  5. ↑ until April 22, 1817