Mauser model 71
| Mauser model 71 | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| general information | |
| Civil name: | Model 71 |
| Military designation: | Model 71 |
| Country of operation: | German Empire |
| Developer / Manufacturer: | Mauser |
| Development year: | 1867-1872 |
| Manufacturer country: | Germany |
| Production time: | 1871 to 1890 |
| Model variants: | M 1871, carbine 71, hunter rifle 71, customs carbine 71, border guards rifle 79, M / 71.84; M1878 / 80 and M1884 (Serbia), M1887 (Ottoman Empire) |
| Weapon Category: | Breech-loading rifle |
| Furnishing | |
| Weight: (unloaded) | 4.5 (infantry rifle M / 71) 4.22 (hunter |
| Barrel length : | 855 mm (infantry rifle) 747 mm (hunter |
| Technical specifications | |
| Caliber : |
11 × 60 mm R (Germany, China), 10.15 × 63 mm R (Serbia), 9.5 × 60 mm R (Ottoman Empire) |
| Ammunition supply : | Single loader (until 1884), 8-round tubular magazine (from 1884) |
| Fire types: | Single fire |
| Number of trains : | 4th |
| Twist : | right, 550 mm |
| Visor : | open |
| Closure : | Cylinder lock, opening clamp |
| Charging principle: | Single loader |
| Lists on the subject | |
The Mauser M 1871 , also called M / 71 (M 71) and Gewehr 71 or Infanterie-Gewehr 71 (IG Mod. 71) , was the first rifle that was produced in large numbers from 1871 by Peter-Paul Mauser and Wilhelm Mauser from the Mauserwerke was produced. From 1884 a new design was introduced with the Mauser M71 / 84 , so that an 8-round tube magazine according to Kropatschek could be used.
history
During the selection tests in 1870/1 with a wide variety of rifles, the Bavarian Werder rifle M / 1869 was the main competitor for Mauser's model. The Mauser rifle was selected at the end of 1871 and, with the exception of Bavaria, was taken into service in the German Empire , albeit with reservations, as security should be increased. After 2,500 experimental rifles had been tested, the final decision was made on March 22, 1872. The breech block did not correspond to that of the needle gun used in the Franco-German War .
The rifle 71 was a breech-loading barrel bolt and fired a 25 gram projectile with 5 grams of black powder in a metal cartridge in 11 × 60 mm R caliber . The barrel was a copy of the French Chassepot rifle , which had come en masse into the German Reich after the Franco-German War, with the twist direction changed to the right. The breech was closed and locked by moving forward and rotating with a locking tab. The lock was pretensioned when opening. The rifle was a single shot. The previous war had impressively demonstrated the necessity of high-performance firearms for the cavalry , whereupon the decision was made in 1873 to manufacture a cavalry carbine for the new standard cartridge. This was introduced from 1875 and until it was replaced by the newer successor Karabiner 88 until 1892.
M71 / 84
After troop trials with sample copies in 1882/1883, a new design was introduced from 1884 so that an 8-shot tubular magazine according to Kropatschek could be used. Thus, the weapon became the first repeating rifle of the German army in which the magazine could be switched off with a lever if the rifle was to be used as a single loader. The rifle, which has been further developed into the M71 / 84, only has one screw in common with the M71, although it looks completely the same at first glance. From this version, no special versions were made as carbines for cavalry or hunters, apart from a modified attachment of the shoulder strap. The ammunition of the M71 / 84 had a different projectile (flattened) to prevent ignition of the preceding cartridge in the magazine.
From 1886, when the M71 / 84 was introduced, the M71 gradually disappeared from the depots.
The rifle 71/84 was finally replaced in 1888 by the rifle 88 ("commission rifle ").
The weapons were still used by the protection troops in the German colonies and during the First World War. At the end of the Second World War , in March 1945, members of the Volkssturm were sometimes armed with rifles.
Manufacturing
The Mauser company itself only manufactured around 100,000 rifles for the Kingdom of Württemberg , while the majority of the rifles were manufactured by the state rifle factories in Amberg , Danzig and Spandau .
Private companies such as the “Productionsgenossenschaft Spangenberg, Sauer, Schilling and Haenel” in Suhl , the Österreichische Waffenfabriksgesellschaft in Steyr and the “National Arms & Ammunitions Corp.” in Birmingham (75,000 pieces) also manufactured the M / 71.
The issue of the M / 71 to the German troops began at the end of 1873 and was completed in autumn 1875. From 1877 Bavaria replaced the Werder rifle M / 1869 with the M / 71. Dieter Storz estimates the total number of Mauser M / 71 rifles and rifles produced for the German armies at 1.82 million. For the carabiner 71, the procurement of at least 80,050 pieces is considered to be secured; total production should not have exceeded 100,000.
The Mauser company manufactured 26,000 M / 71 rifles for the Chinese Empire in the 1870s . It was very popular there, so that almost a million discarded Mauser M / 71 and M71 / 84 were later bought. In 1881 Mauser produced rifles and carbines in caliber 10.15 × 63 mm R for Serbia , which were used there as "Mauser Koka" during the First World War . In 1887 the ordered Ottoman Empire 550,000 the M71 / 84 rifles similar (Tufek 1887), but in the caliber of 9.5 × 60 mm R . After 270,000 rifles and 4,000 carbines could be delivered, the order was changed to the 1890 model in caliber 7.65 × 53.5 mm . Smaller quantities also found their way to South America.
After the German states had triumphed over France in 1870/71, many South American states turned militarily to the German Empire and engaged more and more German military advisers , including Argentina . From 1874, Argentina procured a number of model types (Albini, Enfield, Berdan, Springfield, Whitney, Werndl), but without making any of them the standard rifle. Only the German rifle 71 and the carbine 71, which were manufactured in the state Prussian rifle factories or in Steyr, met the requirements. In 1891 the Mauser Modelo Argentino became Argentina's orderly rifle .
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Individual evidence
- ↑ IG Mod. 71/84 German Mauser. (No longer available online.) In: militaryrifles.com. Archived from the original on April 14, 2011 ; accessed on July 26, 2015 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Georg Ortenburg: Weapons and the use of weapons in the age of armies of millions. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 1992, ISBN 3-7637-5811-9 .
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Eitner: Kolberg. A Prussian myth 1807/1945 . Edition Q, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-86124-508-6 , p. 179.
- ^ Dieter Storz: German military rifles. From the Werder rifle to the 71/84 model. P. 166.
- ^ Dieter Storz: German military rifles. 1, from the Werder rifle to the 71/84 model . tape 1 . Verl. Militaria, Vienna 2011, ISBN 3-902526-43-2 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Seel: The Turkish Mauser rifle 1890. In: DWJ 1981, pp. 1160–1164. Dieter Storz : German military rifles. From the Werder rifle to the 71/84 model. Pp. 300-303.
- ^ Colin Webster: Argentine Mauser Rifles 1871-1959. Atglen 2003, p. 17.
literature
- Regulation DE No. 154, instructions regarding the M / 71 hunter rifle and associated ammunition. 1874.
- Anonymous: The German Reichsgewehr (model 1871). In: Polytechnisches Journal . 216, 1875, pp. 230-234.
- Hans Dieter Götz: Armory for collectors. 5th edition, Stuttgart 1979.
- Hans Dieter Götz: The German military rifles and machine guns 1871-1945. Stuttgart 1985, 4th edition, pp. 28-51.
- Dieter Storz : German military rifles. From the Werder rifle to the 71/84 model. In: Catalogs of the Bavarian Army Museum Ingolstadt. Volume 8, Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-3-902526-43-4 .
- Robert WD Ball: Mauser Military Rifles Of The World.
See also
Web links
- IG Mod. 71. (M1871) German Mauser. In: militaryrifles.com. Retrieved July 26, 2015 .
- IG Mod. 71/84 German Mauser. In: militaryrifles.com. Retrieved July 26, 2015 .