Bolt action rifle
The repeating rifle ( lat. Repetere "repeat"), also called repeater , repeating rifle and more rarely through-loading , is a rifle with a repeating system . After the firing is closure operated by manually back and Wiedervorschieben. The blank is cartridge case from the cartridge chamber ejected and from a magazine a new cartridge from the back out into the bearing. During the repeating process, the lock is also cocked - hand cocks are the exception, but are becoming increasingly popular as hunting rifles for safety reasons .
According to the German Weapons Act , bolt action rifles are classified as multi-loading rifles and are therefore not single-shot .
history
The development of the bolt action rifle began in the middle of the 19th century with the development of the cartridge . The central fire cartridge made of metal with a rim or ring joint ( pull-out groove ) has established itself as the basis for bolt action rifles. Exceptions are the small bore rifles and Flobert rifles , as well as the room sockets . The needle gun and the chassepot rifle were the predecessors of the bolt action rifle. Multi-shot handguns were created through loading devices and magazines. The Mauser model 71/84 was the first German bolt action rifle with a magazine. Developments with a wide variety of locks ultimately led to the bolt action rifles known today.
Areas of application and types
Repeater rifles are usually used for precise single shots. Snipers, hunters and marksmen often use bolt action rifles for this purpose. Lever or forearm repeater are more common in the Anglo-American area or in western shooting.
A large part of the repeating systems with cylinder lock used for hunting today can be traced back to the Mauser System 98 , which was developed by the Mauser company for the Model 98 military rifle . The following repeating systems are mainly used in hunting:
- Kammerstängelrepetierer (engl. Bolt action) including Geradezugrepetierer (engl. Bolt action straight pull).
- Lever action (Engl. Lever action )
- Forearm repeater (English pump or slide action )
Rifles are in the shooting sport the Match arm assigned. Small-bore rifles, biathlon rifles and room nozzles are used. With the biathlon weapons the fortner lock has prevailed; Systems from the companies Anschütz and Walther dominate in the field of small bore rifles and Zimmerstutzen .
Further systems are listed in the article closure .
In the version with a shortened barrel and a shaft reaching to the muzzle, the bolt-action rifle is also known as a bolt-action socket .
Structure of the bolt action rifle
The main components of a bolt- action rifle are the components: bolt , barrel , magazine , trigger , stock , sights or assembly devices for target optics .
There are several designs of bolt action rifles from different manufacturers. For example, in the Mauser System 98 , the barrel with the cartridge chamber is screwed into the breech. The locking chamber is located above the magazine. It has a long opening on the top side for the ejection of fired cartridge cases. The locking cylinder is fed into the chamber from behind. Most bolt action rifles must be unlocked to open. The figure shows a security with an intermediate stage, which allows opening in the secured state. For locking the need to bolt handle from the position shown in the image position pushed forward and then pushed down. When opening (bolt handle up and then back) the lock is cocked. To the left of the sleeve bridge there is a release that releases the cylinder lock for removal.
The magazine well opens downwards. The magazine can be released for replacement with the magazine lock . Not all bolt action rifles have an interchangeable magazine. The moulting system is usually loaded and unloaded from above. This also applies to the so-called single - loader repeater rifles .
Rear sight and grain form as open visor called sighting device. For hunting use optical aiming devices such. B. used the telescopic sight. These aiming devices are mounted on the case bridge and case head in a bulletproof and repeatable manner using precisely fitting assemblies . Fixed mounts are used for the permanent connection of target optics. Interchangeable assemblies of various types (hook assemblies, swivel assemblies) enable the optional use of target optics.
The barrel of the rifle is usually made of one piece in order to accommodate the barrel , the trigger and the magazine precisely . Walnut wood is the preferred material, but plastic and plywood are also used in addition to other types of wood. The barrel is usually connected to the stock by means of two screws, the cross screw in front of the magazine and the box screw behind the magazine. From the cross screw, the barrel can swing freely and expand when heated.
literature
- Lueger 1904 entry: hunting rifles
- Meyer's 1905 entry: hunting rifle
- Christer Holmgren: Hunting weapons and shooting technology. Practice for hunters and marksmen . Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg et al. 1993, ISBN 3-490-22012-9 .
- Rolf Hennig: The weapons expertise test in questions and answers . 23rd edition. BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-8354-0467-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Repetierer KK Modell 1827 Fortner (Anschütz official website) ( Memento from March 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive )