Straight pull closure
The straight pull lock (also straight pull lock ) is a type of cylinder lock in firearms.
Early models
The first rifles with straight-pull breeches were the early Mannlicher Army rifles (Austria, model 1886, 1888, 1888/90) and in Switzerland the 1893 carbine . With these, the backward movement of the lock was prevented with a support flap , which was supported in the lock housing.
From 1895 the Winchester Repeating Arms company produced a System Lee rifle with a straight pull lock and box magazine in around 20,000 copies, 15,000 of which, the Lee-Navy Musket Mod. 1895 in caliber .236 USN (6 mm), for the US Navy were delivered. With this rifle, by pulling back the loading lever, the breech block supported behind the magazine in the breech block housing was folded up for unlocking.
These and other systems were inferior to the cylinder lock based on the principle of the Mauser System 98 weapons, since with them no loosening of seized cases by primary extraction was possible. The mechanical stress on the inadequately dimensioned locking elements as well as the excessive distance between the bolt head and the bolt support, which caused the weapon to vibrate when fired, were not conducive to the further spread of these systems.
Straight pull lock based on the rotating head lock
This design relies on the locking principle of a rotary head lock . Similar to the conventional cylinder lock, the rotatable locking head is inserted into the locking sleeve by moving it forward. In contrast to the cylinder lock based on the principle of the Mauser system 98 , this takes place through a linear movement of the locking piece , without the axial rotation by means of the bolt stem , which is otherwise common in repeating systems . For this purpose, a screw groove is milled into the lock head, into which a pin engages in the outer sleeve of the lock (Mannlicher system) or directly on the bolt handle (Schmidt-Rubin) and ensures the axial rotation to lock the system.
Successful military rifles based on this principle were the Austrian rifles with the Mannlicher system with rotating head lock , above all the Mannlicher model 1895 after the designer Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher and the Swiss Schmidt-Rubin rifles Mod. 1889, 1896, 1911, the carbine 11 and the later Karabiner 31 in caliber 7.5 × 55 mm Swiss developed by Adolf Furrer .
The Canadian Ross rifle Mod. 1905 Mk. II and Mod. 1910 Mk. III had less success ; both were retired in 1916. Its closure could be assembled incorrectly, whereupon it did not lock properly, which had fatal consequences.
Later variants
Modern forms of straight pull fasteners can be found in the hunting and sporting sectors. For example, in 1984 gunsmith Peter Fortner developed a biathlon rifle with a straight-pull breech that is based on the principle of the roller lock. This closure enabled a faster sequence of shots in competition due to the simplified sequence of movements. The design proved hugely successful, and by 2007 about 7,000 of these weapons had been manufactured. The aim of the development was to make up for the technical deficit compared to the biathlon rifles from the manufacturer Baikal (Soviet Union) and the rifles from the Suhl hunting weapons factory , whose knee-joint locks enabled very fast repeating. Horst Blaser developed the Blaser R93 series of repeater models . Since its market launch in 1993, more than 100,000 copies of the Blaser R93 have been produced so far (2010). The successor to the R93, the Blaser R8, has been on the market since 2008.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c rifle . In: Lueger's lexicon of all technology . 2nd Edition. Volume 4, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Leipzig / Stuttgart 1906, pp. 465–466 . - Advantages and disadvantages of the Mannlicher, Mauser, Krag system
- ↑ Ulrich Eichstädt: The goldsmith . In: Visier, the international weapons magazine . No. 2 . Vogt-Schildt, 2007, p. 40 ff .
- ↑ Anschütz model 1827 Fortner Sprint, straight pull lock with multiple loading device
- ↑ Ulrich Eichstädt: Snow cannons, eight biathlon rifles in the test . In: Visier, the international weapons magazine . No. 2 . Pietsch + Scholten, 1993, p. 40 ff .
