Federbach (Alb)
| Federbach | ||
 Federbach in Bietigheim |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 23748 | |
| location |
Upper Rhine Plain
|
|
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Alb → Rhine → North Sea | |
| source | at the junction of the street Am Federbach from Neudorfstrasse in Malsch 48 ° 53 ′ 0 ″ N , 8 ° 19 ′ 57 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 125 m above sea level NHN | |
| muzzle | in the southeast of Karlsruhe- Maxau at the bridge of the B 10 from the left into the Alb Coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ 15 ″ N , 8 ° 19 ′ 1 ″ E 49 ° 2 ′ 15 ″ N , 8 ° 19 ′ 1 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | approx. 105 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | approx. 20 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.48 ‰ | |
| length | 41.7 km | |
| Catchment area | 126.757 km² | |
The Federbach is a 42 kilometer long stream in Baden-Württemberg . It flows through the districts of Karlsruhe and Rastatt and today flows into the Alb near the Karlsruhe district of Maxau .
The headwaters are located in the municipality of Malsch on the edge of the northern Black Forest . In contrast to other bodies of water through the right Upper Rhine Plain , the Federbach flows from Malsch first to the southwest, then at Muggensturm to the west and, after entering the Rhine lowlands , accompanies the river at a short distance to the north.
Human intervention from the beginning of the 18th century until the 1930s changed the course of the Federbach significantly. The aim of the water management and ecological pilot project development concept Federbachniederung from 1993 was the natural development of the Federbach and its lowland areas. The planned measures were carried out in a total of 14 construction phases from 1995 to 2009.
geography
The spring streams of the Federbach arise in the northern Black Forest and merge in the foothills of the Malsch to form the Dorfbach. In Malsch the stream is divided again, the Lindenhardterweg stream flows northwest into the Malscher Landgraben and the Federbach turns southwest and flows through the Kinzig-Murg-Gully contrary to its original direction of flow to Rastatt. There the brook turns in an arc to the north and enters the Rhine valley via the lower terrace.
Spring streams
The two source streams of the Federbach arise in the northern Black Forest south and southwest of Malsch. As near-natural streams, they flow through a forest and meadow landscape in the northern Black Forest and the adjacent foothills. In Malsch the shorter Tannelgraben ( Kaufmannsbrunnenbach ) flows into the Waldprechtsbach, which becomes the Dorfbach (colloquially feminine, the Bach ).
course
The Federbach arises in the local area of Malsch , about 100 m southwest of the intersection of L 607 and L 608 at the beginning of the street Am Federbach . From here it runs its first two kilometers as a road or field ditch to the southwest and then in an almost westerly direction towards Muggensturm . Here on his left is the protected moorland and wetland area of the Federbachbruch , bounded to the south by the Neugraben , which has been running to the left of the Federbach since the Malscher sports area and which runs towards the Bruchgebiet on the eastern edge of Muggensturm. The Federbach passes Muggensturm in the south and then runs west towards the Rastatt junction of the federal autobahn 5 (A 5), which it crosses under about seven kilometers below its origin, and then through the next three kilometers, soon in a straight north-north-west art run Draw wooded area.
West of the Nature Theater of Ötigheim then separates from him the more flowing in a north northwesterly direction detention ditch that over the Altmurg in Riedkanal drained. It itself continues to flow in northerly directions. To the west of it, across from the Ötigheimer sports grounds, the old Federbach in the forest is being built, its old course, which to the left of it runs in natural meanders through Streitwald , Dammwald and Oberwald , while in the open corridor in its artificial bed Ötigheim, Bietigheim and then the central one Passes Durmersheim in the west, where from its district of Würmersheim in the west, after a sweeping loop, this old Federbach flows into it again after a 8.7 km run.
On the north-western edge of Durmersheim it shortens its old west loop in the northern trench, which is now traversed by the Kunzenbach and the Tieflachgraben . The 7.5 km long Federbach tributary Tieflachgraben drains large areas near Elchesheim-Illingen and Au am Rhein . In the following, the Federbach flows through a west loop south of Rheinstetten - Neuburgweier in the old course and then passes the village on its south-eastern edge, here only less than one and a half kilometers from the parallel Rhine flowing in the north-west . He then moves on to the northeast between backwater levees of the Rhine, crosses it with the tank ditch , a tank ditch of the Western Wall , the Rheinstetten- of Mörsch to Fermasee leads. Another old Federbach begins its course to the east of the waterway .
Then the Federbach enters the Auenwald Kastenwört , in which it flows into the Daxlanden southeastern Altrheinarm after a total of about 27 km . But it leaves this further northeast and moves as Neuer Federbach through the Auenwald Großgrund to Grünenwasser , another dead water that it leaves close to the Rhine in a northerly direction, whereupon the (second) Alte Federbach immediately from the right after 8.4 km of its own course flows into him. Then it crosses in a culvert at the Rheinhafen steam power plant under the connecting basin of the Karlsruhe port in its mouth and emerges as a Federbach beyond in the floodplain forest around the Knielinger See . It runs in the Burgau nature reserve - partly on the route of an old loop of the Rhine - to the east around the 83-hectare lake, passes the Karlsruhe traffic training area and then flows into the Alb from the left at Karlsruhe- Maxau at the bridge on Bundesstraße 10 (B 10) . Until 2014, the Federbach flowed through the northeastern part of the Knielinger See . As part of the rehabilitation of the lake, the Federbach Bypass was built to reduce the entry of nutrients into the lake.
depth
The Federbach is initially about 30 cm deep, only after Bietigheim does it reach a depth of 50 cm. At the mouth near Karlsruhe (Maxau) it is 1.5 m deep.
Localities
Locations on the run with their affiliations. Only the names of the lowest nesting level denote neighboring settlements.
- Malsch municipality
- Malsch (village)
- Gde. Muggensturm
- Muggensturm (village, mostly on the right)
- Gde. Ötigheim
- (initially no settlement on the barrel)
- City of Rastatt
- (Commercial area around Rauentaler Straße, left)
- Gde. Ötigheim
- Ötigheim (village, right)
- Gde. Bietigheim
- Bietigheim (village, right)
- Gde. Durmersheim
- Durmersheim (village, almost only on the right) with
- Bickesheimer Kloster (right)
- Würmersheim (village, left)
- Gde. Au am Rhein
- (left, no settlement on the barrel)
District of Karlsruhe
- City of Rheinstetten
- Neuburgweier (village, left)
Karlsruhe district free
- Rheinhafen Karlsruhe (mostly on the right)
- Maxau (hamlet, left)
History, old runs, nature
The Federbach was relocated around 1900 between Bietigheim and Durmersheim in a new river course east of the old Federbach . This canal-like run was widened in 1929 because the community wanted to employ unemployed people during the Great Depression. The Federbach between Bietigheim and Durmersheim is therefore wider than necessary today.
Between Durmersheim and Rheinstetten, the new Federbach -lauf shortens an old loop through which the Kunzenbach and the Tieflachgraben flow today .
The second old Federbach , which arises east of the waterway crossing at Neuburgweier and flows past the Kastenwört on the northwest outskirts of Rheinstetten- Forchheim , uses an even deeper east loop of the Rhine near Daxlanden as a route and separates the village in the east from the Fritschlach lowland in the Loop.
The Federbach served as a sewage ditch for a long time; untreated water was discharged into it 200 years ago. Today the wastewater has been cleared and the neighboring areas only direct rainwater into the stream. Mostly undemanding plants such as poplars grow on the Federbach .
Buildings
In Durmersheim , about 30 m east of the Federbach, is the Bickesheim Church , built in the 15th century . In the south of the mark there is still an old mill from the 16th century. In the village itself, a total of six bridges lead over the stream, which is around seven meters wide here. To the west of the Federbach is the Federbach Stadium , which was named after the river. There is also a gymnasium, a youth center, a skate park with a playground and a sports hall in the vicinity.
In Bietigheim five bridges lead over the Federbach, three of them for agricultural roads.
In Karlsruhe , the Federbach crosses under the Rhine port basin through a culvert .
Bogs and breaks
On the upper reaches of the Federbach, between Malsch and Muggensturm, there is the more than 40 hectare Federbachbruch . The Federbach lowland lies between Durmersheim and Neuburgweier . Both areas are under nature protection.
By contrast, the former moorland in the Bruchwiesen between Bietigheim and Durmersheim was drained. This is evidenced by the smaller streams and drainage ditches that were used to drain the area back then and that drain via the Schmiedbach into the Federbach, which has been straightened here. Another remnant is a pond in Durmersheim to the left of the Federbach near the Bickesheim monastery. Its surroundings are covered with a shield and connected to the water by a small ditch.
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
- ↑ Heinz Fischer: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 169 Rastatt. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.4 MB)
- ↑ Josef Schmithüsen : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 161 Karlsruhe. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952. → Online map (PDF; 5.1 MB)
- ↑ a b Estimated from the contour map of the topographic map 1: 25,000
- ↑ a b State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
-
↑ Prelude to a freshness cure for the Knielinger See. In: City newspaper. Official Journal of the City of Karlsruhe. October 11, 2013 (Retrieved October 5, 2014);
Pictures of the construction work and the Federbach bypass (accessed on October 5, 2014).
literature
- Volker Späth: The Federbach. Lifeline of the wetlands in the northern district. In: Landkreis Rastatt (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch. 1994, pp. 31-45.
