Maxau
Maxau is a hamlet in the Knielingen district of the city of Karlsruhe . Maxau is located directly on the Rhine . It is by no means the abbreviation of Maximiliansau , which is in the immediate vicinity on the other side of the Rhine, but does not belong to Karlsruhe, but to Wörth am Rhein in Rhineland-Palatinate .
Maxau estate
Maxau is named after Margrave Maximilian von Baden (1796–1882, youngest son of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich von Baden ). Around 1835 he acquired the three Rhine islands Abtsgründel, Langengrund and Katersgrund with the already existing Abtsgrundhof (on the island of Abtsgründel). With the regulation of the Rhine , this area came to rest on the right bank of the Rhine, i.e. on the Baden side. He gave the farm the name “Maximilians-Au” , expanded the estate, continued to cultivate the acquired land and connected the three islands with one another. From around 1860 the name of the estate was shortened to “ Maxau ”.
The Hofgut Maxau has an area of around 172 hectares (around 25 hectares of arable land, 70 hectares of Knielinger See and 61 hectares of alluvial forest). In 2005 the city of Karlsruhe acquired the Hofgut from Haus Baden .
Rhine bridges
- Main article: Maxau Rhine Bridge
In 1840 the first Rhine bridge was opened near Maxau, which replaced the earlier ferry service. This first bridge was a road-ship bridge on floating hulls. In 1865 a new ship bridge (again on 34 floating pontoons) was built, which served rail traffic, but could also be used by wagons and pedestrians. A modern rail and road bridge, which did not obstruct shipping traffic, was only built in 1938.
Today two parallel bridge structures for road and rail traffic cross the Rhine. The current railway bridge was put into operation in 1991. The current road bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with a single pylon and was built between 1963 and 1966.
Rail connection
- Main article: Maxaubahn
Today, Maxau is a stop on the Winden – Karlsruhe railway line operated by the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn (tram lines S5, S51 and S52) from Karlsruhe to Wörth.
The first rail link led 1862 as maxau railway from Karlsruhe to Maxau; shortly thereafter connected to the Palatinate Maximiliansbahn via the Rhine bridge from 1865 .
Harbor and level
The port of Maxau is now a marina. Between 1862 and 1901, i.e. before the construction of the Rhine port, the Maxau port was an important Rhine port for the city of Karlsruhe.
The Maxau gauge is located near the port at Rhine kilometer 362.3 R. It is one of the important gauges on the Rhine that is of great importance for shipping and flood protection.
Industry
The Maxau plant (also "Maxau mill" ) of Stora Enso 's paper mill with an annual production of about 530,000 tons of paper.
A paper mill has existed here since 1883. E. Holtzmann & Cie. AG took over the Maxau / Karlsruhe area from Ettlingen-Maxau Papier- und Zellstoffwerke AG in 1964 . In 1997 Enso Oyj (merged to Stora Enso in 1998 ) acquired the majority stake in E. Holtzmann & Cie. AG taken over.
Attractions
A monument to Johann Gottfried Tulla , the initiator and planner of the straightening of the Rhine, stands at Rhine kilometer 360.9 at the height of the section of the Rhine on which work began in 1817.
nature and environment
A nature reserve " Altrhein Maxau " (34 hectares) has existed since 1980. Together with the neighboring combined nature and landscape reserve " Burgau ", it serves to protect the natural area that encompasses the Knielinger See , the Altrheinarm and today's Federbach, as well as the former flood plains of the Rhine includes.
Part of the "Burgau" is the protected area "Abtsgründel", the area between Knielinger See and the Rhine, where the "Hofgut Maxau" was located in 1829. The city of Karlsruhe is planning a landscape park here.
swell
- ↑ Description of the Maxau estate ( Memento of the original from September 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the occasion of the Monument Day 2004 (City of Karlsruhe)
- ↑ see for example Heinz Schmidt: Karlsruhe formerly, yesterday and today , Steinkopf Verlag.
- ↑ History of the port ( Memento of the original from September 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Karlsruhe Rheinhafen (rheinhafen.de)
- ^ Information from Stora Enso
Web links
- Knielinger Museum in Hofgut Maxau
- Website on Hofgut Maxau, its history and aspects of nature conservation
Coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ N , 8 ° 19 ′ E