Johann Adolf von Thielmann
Johann Adolf von Thielmann , Baron von Thielmann since 1812 , also Thielemann (born April 27, 1765 in Dresden , † October 10, 1824 in Koblenz ) was a Saxon , Russian and Prussian general .
Life
origin
Johann Adolf was the son of the Saxon chief accountant Johann Friedrich von Thielmann (1705–1782) and his wife Karoline Charlotte, née Seuffert († 1795).
Military career
Thielmann received from October 19, 1776 to January 7, 1779 a school education at the Princely School St. Afra in Meissen and then private lessons in his parents' house. In 1780 he joined the Saxon service as a Junker and on June 7, 1782 he was employed as porter ensign in the Chevaulegers Regiment "Duke of Courland" in Grimma . There he was promoted to second lieutenant on March 30, 1784 . On July 13, 1791, he was assigned to the newly established Hussar Regiment in Kölleda as Prime Lieutenant .
He took part in the campaigns on the Rhine during the First Coalition War against France , became a staff commander in 1798 and fought on the Prussian side near Jena in 1806 . Sent to Napoleon I on October 15th of that year , he was filled with admiration for him and operated the alliance of Saxony with France.
When Electoral Saxony allied with Napoleon in 1807, he fought against Prussians and Russians in the siege of Danzig and in the battle of Friedland . In the Franco-Austrian War of 1809 , after he had been promoted to colonel , he tried to assert himself with a small corps against the Austrians who finally invaded Saxony under Karl Friedrich , then he led the Westphalian- French Combined Corps as a Saxon major general the vanguard against the black crowd of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig .
In the campaign against Russia , he led since 1810, Major General , the Saxon Kürassier - Brigade , fought successfully at Borodino and received for his conduct on 6 December 1812 as lieutenant general, the commander Cross of Military St. Henry Order of . Thielmann was then almost always in Napoleon's entourage. The King of Saxony then raised Thielmann to the rank of baron.
When the defense of Torgau was handed over to him on February 26, 1813 , the King of Saxony obliged him to maintain strict neutrality. When the king entered into negotiations with Austria, Thielmann was already hoping for a change in all conditions for the liberation of Germany and therefore negotiated with the allied monarchs in Dresden. When, after the battle of Großgörschen , he received the order from his king on May 10th to hand over the fortress to the French, he resigned the command, went with his chief of staff, Aster, to the headquarters of the allies and only entered the Russian and, after that he reorganized the Saxon army after the Battle of Leipzig and commanded it in the French Netherlands in 1814 , on April 9, 1815 in Prussian service.
In 1815 he led the III at Ligny and particularly successfully at Wavre . Army Corps against the French Corps Grouchy , which made him a major contributor to the success of the main battle at Waterloo .
On October 30, 1815, Thielmann became the commanding general of the VII . Corps, newly established in Westphalia , and of the VIII. Corps in April 1820 . He died as a general of the cavalry on October 10, 1824 in Koblenz. There he was buried on October 13, 1824 in the main cemetery in Koblenz .
Thielmann was a freemason and a member of the Dresden lodge to the three swords .
family
Thielmann was married to Wilhelmine von Charpentier (1772–1842) since December 25, 1791 . She was the daughter of Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Charpentier . The couple had eleven children, including:
- Franz (7 June 1799 - 18 August 1868), Rittmeister
- ⚭ December 17, 1830 Bertha von Friebe (* December 4, 1810 - † June 6, 1842)
- June 18, 1843 Mathilde von Friebe (August 29, 1812 - February 4, 1874), widow of Wilhelm Adolf Gerth Tortilovitz von Batocki (November 8, 1798 - December 21, 1835) (parents of Otto Tortilowicz von Batocki Drives )
- Karl (September 4, 1801 - June 8, 1883), Rittmeister
- ⚭ November 17, 1831 Gertrudis von Wessel (born January 29, 1808; † April 25, 1847)
- ⚭ August 8, 1848 Julie von Wenzel (* February 16, 1819 - † September 5, 1871)
- Julie (born February 1, 1806), canyon
- Wilhelmine (* May 28, 1812) ⚭ Rudolph Blanchet († May 11, 1864)
reception
Thielmann plays a central role in Sabine Ebert's historical novel 1813 War Fire .
literature
- Frank Bauer: Johann Adolf Freiherr von Thielmann. General in three armies (Small series history of the liberation wars 1813-1815, special issue 9 (double issue)) as an e-book, Altenburg 2017.
- Albrecht Holtzendorff: Contributions to the biography of General Freiherrn von Thielmann and to the history of the recent past. Digitized
- K. von Hüttel (Ed.): The General of the Cavalry Baron von Thielmann. A biographical sketch with authentic information about the events in Torgau from January to the middle of May 1813. Verlag Laue, Berlin 1828.
- Julius Klaproth : Brief explanations and corrections of the errors, which in the biographical sketch of the royal Prussian general of the cavalry Frhr. von Thielmann, ed. von K. von Hüttel, up to the general's transfer to the troops of the high Allies in 1813. Arnoldi publishing house, Dresden 1829.
- August von Minckwitz: The Thielmann Brigade in the campaign of 1812 in Russia. Dresden 1879.
- Herman von Petersdorff : General Johann Adolph Freiherr von Thielmann. A character image from the Napoleonic era. Hirzel, Leipzig 1894 ( digitized version )
- Kurt von Priesdorff : Soldier leadership . Volume 3, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, undated [Hamburg], undated [1937], DNB 367632780 , pp. 458-466, no. 1215.
- Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses. Volume 18, p. 899, digitized descendants
- Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses. , 1876. Volume 26, p. 806
- Hermann von Petersdorff : Johann Adolf Freiherr von Thielmann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 37, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 755-759.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Royal Saxon Military St. Heinrichs Order 1736–1918. An honor sheet of the Saxon Army. Wilhelm and Bertha von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1937, p. 47.
- ↑ The Great State Lodge of Saxony and its federal boxes. Festschrift for the celebration of the century on 27. u. September 28, 1911 . Alwin Bergmann. Dresden 1911, p. 71.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from September 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Thielmann, Johann Adolf von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Thielemann, Johann Adolf von; Thielmann, Johann Adolf Freiherr von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Saxon, Russian and Prussian officer, most recently general of the cavalry |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 27, 1765 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dresden |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 10, 1824 |
| Place of death | Koblenz |