Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Charpentier

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Charpentier (born June 24, 1738 in Dresden ; † July 27, 1805 in Freiberg ) was a German geologist and Saxon mining captain . He came from a noble family from Normandy .

Oil painting presumably by Anton Graff

Live and act

Charpentier had studied mathematics and law at the University of Leipzig and in 1766 received the chairs for mathematics and the art of drawing at the newly founded Bergakademie Freiberg , where he also enrolled as a student of mountain sciences (matriculation no. 4).

Until 1784 he also held lectures on mechanics, physics, ventilation and mining engineering.

In 1773 Charpentier was appointed a member of the Saxon Mining Authority as a mining commission council , in 1800 he was appointed vice miner captain and in 1801 miner captain.

Under his leadership, the Halsbrücke amalgamation plant was built between 1787 and 1791 , based on the cold amalgamation process that Charpentier had got to know in Hungary in 1785.

In 1784 he took over the management of the electoral alum works Schwemsal , also in that year his nobility diploma was renewed by Emperor Joseph II . Charpentier and Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra , who were on friendly terms with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , were his advisors in the operation of the mines in Ilmenau .

Charpentier's most important work was the "Mineralogical Geography of the Kursächsische Lande" published in 1778, which was based on the commission to create a "mountain map" of the Kursachsen. This publication contained a geological map of a large area of ​​land for the first time . Based on an excellent ability to observe, Charpentier geologically divided the course axes into the main parts basement, clay slate, hard coal mountains and seam mountains, the latter in turn divided into 12 sections. The map was the first basis for the geological maps of Saxony later edited by Bernhard von Cotta .

In 1774 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences , in 1777 he became a member of the Natural Research Society in Danzig.

family

Charpentier married Johanna Dorothea Wilhelma von Zobel (1749–1801) in Görlitz in 1768 , the daughter of Johann Jakob von Zobel.

He was the father of the geologists Toussaint von Charpentier and Johann von Charpentier .

His daughter Wilhelmine (1772–1842) became the wife of General Johann Adolf von Thielmann in 1792 .

His daughter Ernestine (born November 30, 1776; † March 17, 1829) married Franz Volkmar Reinhard on February 27, 1794 and, three years after his death, married Count Peter Karl Wilhelm von Hohenthal .

His fourth and youngest daughter Juliane or Julie (* March 16, 1776; † 1811) was the fiancée of the mountain academician and poet Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis). In 1804 she married the Hungarian nobleman Karl Podmanitzky Freiherr von Aszód and Podmanin (Karoly Podmaniczky), whom she had met in 1804 during his studies in Freiberg, and died in Schemnitz in 1811 .

Fonts

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Volume 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Series 3, volume 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 58.
  2. ↑ New collection of experiments and treatises of the Natural Research Society in Danzig , 1. (1778), preface (unpaginated): Continued list of members since 1756. [1]
personal data
SURNAME Charpentier, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Toussaint von Charpentier, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geologist and Saxon mining captain
DATE OF BIRTH June 24, 1738
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH July 27, 1805
Place of death Freiberg