Wilhelm von Thümen

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Wilhelm Hermann Heinrich von Thümen (born July 25, 1792 in Heilsberg , † April 3, 1856 in Mainz ) was a Prussian lieutenant general , city ​​commander of Berlin and federal commissioner in the Schleswig-Holstein war.

Life

origin

Wilhelm came from the old Brandenburg noble family Thümen . He was the son of the Prussian Lieutenant General August von Thümen (1757-1826), knight of the order Pour le Mérite , and his wife Karoline, née Fischer (1762-1856). King Friedrich Wilhelm II was his godfather.

Military career

Thümen was initially taught by his parents in Memel and from 1805 attended the grammar school at the Gray Monastery in Berlin. On January 1st, 1806 he was employed as a private corporal in the infantry regiment "von Kunheim" of the Prussian army . After the defeat of Prussia and the dissolution of the regiment in the same year, Thümen retired from military service, continued to attend school and, from 1811, the University of Breslau . With the beginning of the Wars of Liberation , Thümen was employed as a fusilier in the 1st Guards Regiment on February 19, 1813 and was promoted to second lieutenant until mid-May 1813 . He took part in the battles at Großgörschen , Dresden and Leipzig and received the Iron Cross, 2nd class , for his work in the Battle of Bautzen . In 1814 he fell ill in France and could therefore no longer take part in the campaign.

On February 25, 1818, Thümen was promoted to Prime Lieutenant and, due to his excellent knowledge of French, he was sent to Russia in the same year. Together with two horn players he spent four months in Saint Petersburg to introduce the Prussian horn signals to the Russian army . In 1820 he accompanied Charlotte , the daughter of the king and wife of Tsar Nicholas I, to Bad Ems . After his return he was promoted to captain on September 1, 1821 and at the same time wing adjutant to King Friedrich Wilhelm III. In 1822 he accompanied the king to Italy for the Verona Congress . In 1826 he accompanied Prince Karl to the coronation celebrations in Saint Petersburg. On September 25, 1826 he was awarded the Order of Saint Anne II Class with diamonds. On February 25, 1828 he became major and on March 30, 1829 he came to the NCOs as a commander. In mid-January 1830, Thümen received the Order of St. John , was sent back to Russia and was present at the unveiling of the monument to Alexander I in 1834 .

After his return he was appointed commander of the Guard Reserve Gendarmerie Command (later: Leib-Gendarmerie) on October 30, 1834. He received the Order of St. Vladimir III on September 30, 1835 . Class and on February 9, 1838 also the service cross . By the end of March 1840, Thümen rose to the rank of colonel and was commanded on foot to serve in the 2nd Guards Regiment on April 22, 1840, leaving his position as a wing adjutant . From September 7, 1840 to December 14, 1841 he was in command of the Emperor Alexander Grenadier Regiment . On March 30, 1844, Thümen became the commander of the 12th Infantry Regiment . This command was followed on March 22, 1845 as commander of the 10th Infantry Brigade in Posen . During the unrest there, on March 3, 1846, he put the rebels to flight and captured many weapons. On March 31, 1846, he was promoted to major general.

On March 9, 1848 he was appointed commander of the 5th Infantry Brigade in Frankfurt (Oder) and made available to Lieutenant General von Colomb on the occasion of the Wielkopolska Uprising in May 1848 . He sent him to Gostyn with a command . During the March Revolution of 1848 , Thümen succeeded General of the Infantry Wilhelm von Ditfurth as city commandant of Berlin. He took part in the attack on the barricade on Leipziger Strasse. On March 20, 1850, he was transferred to the 9th Division as commander and at the same time acted as commander of the Glogau fortress until November 19, 1850 . From February 2, 1851 to March 1, 1852 he was the Prussian Federal Commissioner and in this function, together with his Austrian colleague, Major General Count Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly (1813–1871), commanded the Prussian-Austrian federal intervention troops in 1850 in the Schleswig-Holstein War (1848-1851) .

From November 4, 1851 to February 9, 1852, Thümen was commander of the 11th Division and then in the same capacity with the 6th Division in Brandenburg an der Havel . In this position he was awarded the Order of Saint Anna 1st Class in diamonds in December 1852, the Grand Cross of the Dannebrog Order at the end of February 1852 and the Red Eagle Order 1st Class with Oak Leaves in January 1854 on the occasion of the festival of the Order . On 14 September 1854 his appointment was made to the Lieutenant Governor of Mainz until Thümen on March 26, 1856 Board for disposition was made. He died a short time later on April 3, 1856 in Mainz and was buried on April 12, 1854 on his Caputh estate.

Thümen was the landlord on the two paternal estates Caputh and Neu-Langerwisch , both in today's Potsdam-Mittelmark district . He was also a legal knight of the Order of St. John .

family

Thümen married Philippine von Zschock (1801–1872) in Berlin on April 13, 1822 , the daughter of the Prussian secret accountant Johann Gottlieb von Zschock and Pauline Gürpen. From this marriage there were four children:

  • Pauline Hermine Luise Marie (* 1823) ⚭ 1853 Ernst von Willich († 1892), Lord of Gorzyn and Neu-Görtzig
  • Marie (1824–1899) ⚭ 1865 Albert von Sellin († 1870), Prussian major, killed near Vionville
  • Heinrich Hermann (1826–1883), Imperial Russian Colonel ⚭ Adeladide Paulowna von Rabalow
  • Hans August (1829–1908), landlord and heir to the two paternal estates ⚭ 1897 Anna Eckert (* 1856), widowed Depener

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl von Prittwitz : Berlin 1848. The commemorative work of Lieutenant General Karl Ludwig von Prittwitz and other sources on the Berlin March Revolution and the history of Prussia around the middle of the 19th century. P. 107ff. in: Gerd Heinrich (Ed.): Publications of the Historical Commission in Berlin. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 1985, ISBN 3-11-008326-4 or ISBN 978-3-11-008326-2 .
  2. ↑ Jodocus Donatus Hubertus Temme, Michael Hettinger: Eyewitness reports of the German revolution 1848/49. A Prussian judge as a champion of democracy. S. 320.Scientific Book Society, 1996, ISBN 3-534-12756-0 or ISBN 978-3-534-12756-6 ( excerpt )
  3. ↑ Announcement of November 10, 1848. Decker printing works, Berlin 1848. ( Memento of January 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 976 kB)
  4. ^ Jürgen Angelow : From Vienna to Königgrätz. The Security Policy of the German Confederation in European Equilibrium (1815–1866). S. 147. Contributions to military and war history, series of publications by the Military History Research Office , Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag , 1996, ISBN 3-486-56143-X or ISBN 978-3-486-56143-2 ( digitized version )
personal data
SURNAME Thümen, Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Thümen, Wilhelm Hermann Heinrich von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian lieutenant general
DATE OF BIRTH July 25, 1792
PLACE OF BIRTH Heilsberg
DATE OF DEATH April 3, 1856
Place of death Mainz