Caputh
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Caputh
Schwielowsee municipality
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| Height : | 33 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 12.46 km² | |
| Residents : | 5217 (Dec. 31, 2017) | |
| Population density : | 419 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 2002 | |
| Postal code : | 14548 | |
| Area code : | 033209 | |
Location of Caputh in Brandenburg |
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Caputh [ kaˈpuːt ] is a place in the municipality of Schwielowsee in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district of Brandenburg (Germany).
The independent village of Caputh, first mentioned in 1317, merged on December 31, 2002 with the communities of Ferch and Geltow to form the community of Schwielowsee. Caputh is located southwest of Potsdam on Schwielowsee and Templiner See , through which the Havel flows. In addition to its scenic charms, which attract water sports enthusiasts and hikers, the flower village became famous for the Caputh Castle , the local church of Caputh and Einstein's summer house . Over the Caputher Gemünde , a bottleneck of the Havel between the Templiner See and the Schwielowsee, there has been the Caputh ferry for more than 150 years . This connects Geltow with Caputh.
history
Bronze age
In the Lienewitzer Forest, a treasure find (two gold arm rings, a gold sheet-metal vessel and gold wire spirals) from the more recent urn field time shows trade relations with the Southeast Central European region of origin of the finds.
First mention
In 1317, the village of Caputh (in the spelling "Capputh") is mentioned for the first time in a document from Margrave Waldemar . The Slavic core of the village name is derived from the word Kopyto , probably means hoof and describes the horseshoe shape of Lake Caputher. Due to the small extent of the Feldmark and the lakes and forests around the village, the farmers used to get their forage and hay from the Drewitz area, southeast of Potsdam. The Caputher Heuweg still reminds of this time today . The inhabitants of Caputh had no fishing rights . They worked as forest workers, tar cookers and in the brick factories in the area. The manor and palace had been in the possession of the Brandenburg Elector Joachim II since 1548. In 1608 a hunting lodge was built, which was destroyed in the Thirty Years War . In 1662 the village became the property of the builder Philip de Chiese (Philippe de la Chieze).
Caputh Castle
The estate and castle had been in electoral possession since the 16th century. In 1608 a hunting lodge was built. The Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm left the estate to Philippe de la Chièze in 1662 , who had the Caputh Castle built in the Potsdam area, the only castle from the Brandenburg early Baroque that has survived to this day. In 1671 the estate and palace returned to the hands of the elector and became the seat of electresses (widows) and princesses. The castle was expanded in 1673 and received a new interior in 1687/1694. On July 8, 1709, three kings came to Caputh Castle as part of the meeting of the Epiphany . King Friedrich Wilhelm I used Caputh for occasional hunting trips and around 1720 had the tiled hall furnished with around 7,500 Dutch faience tiles in the basement of the house. In 1820 August von Thünen received a long lease of the estate and castle. The palace park from the 17th century was redesigned by Peter Joseph Lenné immediately after ownership was transferred to the von Thümen family in 1820 . In 1908 the castle was inherited by the von Willich family , who lived in the castle until 1945. The southwest wing of the castle dates from 1908/1909. After an interim use as a vocational school for photographers and flower-makers in the GDR, Caputh Palace and Park were extensively restored from 1995 to 1999.
Caputh local church and Caputher Musiken
It is no longer possible to determine when the first church was built in Caputh. The church building that existed in 1820 was dilapidated and too small for the community. Initially, modifications and repairs were carried out. In 1838 a small, used organ was purchased from the Oranienburg orphanage. The building inspector Christian Heinrich Ziller , an uncle of the Ziller brothers, who later built in Saxony, and Ernst Ziller , who worked in Greece , submitted a renovation proposal in 1846. This was rejected, instead Friedrich August Stüler was commissioned with a new building design. Ziller made detailed drawings and was in charge of construction from 1850 to 1852. A basilica complex was created. The outside of the church was given a plaster block between pilaster strips made of yellowish brick. The sacristy connects the bell tower next to it with the eastern part of the north aisle. The church was inaugurated on February 8, 1852 in the presence of King Friedrich Wilhelm IV . In 1883 the church received a new bell from Hugo Collier's foundry in Berlin. Nothing is known about the previous bell.
The church and castle courtyard serve today, among other things, as a venue for baroque concerts as part of the Caputher Musiken , which take place annually from April to December.
Economic development since the 19th century
At the beginning of the 19th century, the shipping village of Caputh became a transshipment point for the brick building district of Zauch-Havelländ for the water transport of bricks to Berlin . After the decline in brick production, Caputh developed into a fruit-growing and recreational area for Potsdam and Berlin in the late 19th century. The Caputh lido is located on a headland between the Havel and Schwielowsee lakes.
Einstein's summer idyll
From 1928 to 1932 Caputh was Albert Einstein's summer residence. In 1929 he had Konrad Wachsmann build a summer house right on the edge of the forest. With the words Come to Caputh, whistle the world , Einstein invited his son Eduard to his wooden refuge and to his sailing boat. He was only able to enjoy his idyll for three summers, since Hitler's seizure of power caused him not to return from a trip to the USA that began in December 1932. In the course of expropriations during the Nazi era , the house became the property of the Caputh community in 1935.
The Einsteinhaus Caputh was repaired in the Einstein year 2005 and has been open to the public again since May 2005. It is operated by the Einsteinforum Potsdam as a meeting place and can be visited during the summer months. Einstein himself didn't want his house ever to be used as a museum. An informative exhibition on Einstein's summer house with documents, photos, videos and models is therefore located in the Caputh community center.
Jewish children's and rural school home
Since 1931, the operation Jewish teacher Gertrud holiday in the Potsdamer Straße a children's home with reform pedagogical approach to first 35 children. Due to the expulsion of Jewish students from schools, it expanded its capacity to 80 people by renting neighboring houses, including Einstein's summer house. Frequent attacks by the Nazis and an attack in connection with the pogrom night of 1938 with the destruction of the interior furnishings forced the house to be closed. Gertrud Urlaub was deported to Auschwitz , where she died in 1943. Later the house was operated as a general children's home. In 1986 it was named after Anne Frank , who has been commemorated by a plaque since 1988. Today a youth welfare center is housed there, which has been named after Gertrud Urlaub since 2008. The name of a street and a stumbling block in Caputh also reminds of them .
Magnus Zeller
Since 1937 Magnus Zeller, who was defamed by the National Socialists as a “ degenerate artist ”, lived and worked in Caputh in the Geschwister-Scholl-Straße 8 house. His grave is in the Caputh Forest Cemetery.
First horticultural production cooperative in the GDR
In October 1957 the first horticultural production cooperative (GPG) of the GDR was founded in Caputh - the agricultural production cooperative (LPG) and the handicraft production cooperative (PGH) are comparable .
Culture and sights
The monuments in Caputh are listed on the basis of the published state monuments list as of December 31, 2013 in the list of monuments in Caputh .
Rock in Caputh
Rock in Caputh is a nonprofit open-air - music festival in Caputh near Potsdam . The project is prepared by more than 100 volunteers every year.
traffic
The railway bridge over the Caputher Gemünde was built in 1905/1906. In 1908 the Wildpark-Caputh-Beelitz railway line was opened. On November 5, 1923, the first train stopped at Caputh-Schwielowsee station.
- The bus company Regiobus Potsdam-Mittelmark offers a bus connection from Potsdam via Caputh to Ferch.
- The two holding points Caputh- Geltow and Caputh-Schwielowsee at the bypass path are served by the regional train.
- In Caputh there are two landing stages for passenger ships operated by the company Weisse Flotte Potsdam . These landing stages are located directly at Caputh Castle and in Caputher Gemünde near the Tussy II ferry . The company conducts tours on the Havel lakes with its ships.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Hermann Sello (1800–1876), court gardener
- Werner Blankenburg (1905–1957), one of the main people responsible for the National Socialist “euthanasia” murders (“Aktion T4”), the extermination of Polish Jews in “Aktion Reinhard” and the x-ray castration experiments in Auschwitz
- Werner Fischer (* 1950), member of the opposition in the GDR
- Barbara Czekalla (* 1951), volleyball player
- Stefan Lehmann (* 1951), classical archaeologist
- Rainer Land (* 1952), social and economic scientist
- Christoph Links (* 1954), publisher
- Horst Günter Marx (* 1955), actor
- Petra Blossey (* 1956), actress in the RTL series Unter Uns
- Madeleine Wehle (* 1968), TV presenter
- Heiko Hüller (* 1945), multiple German champion, as well as senior European and world champion in water skiing, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Gabriele Hüller (* 1950), multiple German champion, as well as senior European and world champion in water skiing, sportswoman of the year 2017
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of Caputh , accessed on October 14, 2018
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2002
- ↑ Hildegard Feidel-Mertz , Andreas Paetz: A lost paradise: the Jewish children's and rural school home Caputh (1931–1938) , dipa-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-7638-0184-7 .
- ↑ Achievements from 2000 to 2005 , accessed on March 27, 2018.
- ↑ Achievements from 2000 to 2005 , accessed on March 27, 2018.
literature
Hildegard Feidel-Mertz, Andreas Paetz: The Jüdische Kinder- und Landschulheim Caputh (1931-1938): a lost paradise , Julius Klinkhardt publishing house , Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-16489 ( books.google.de )
