Ernst Ziller

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Ernst Moritz Theodor Ziller ( Greek Ερνέστος Τσίλλερ Ernesto Tsiller *  22. June 1837 in Serkowitz today Radebeul - Oberlößnitz ; †  4. November 1923 in Athens ) was a German-Greek architect , architectural historian and archaeologist , who almost exclusively in Greece has worked . With over 500 private and public buildings between 1870 and 1914, Ziller had a lasting impact on the historicist architecture of the late 19th century in Greece. Probably the most influential member of the Ziller family of architects, originally from Saxony , acquired Greek citizenship in connection with his marriage.

Ernst Ziller, around 1880

Ziller designed the vast majority of his buildings for Athens , which had been the capital of modern Greece since 1834. The expansion of the city, which previously had only around 12,000 inhabitants, into a rapidly growing, representative capital, was based on a plan from 1831 by Schaubert and Kleanthis in the style of a Greek-influenced classicism in the sense of their teacher Schinkel (from whom the design for a palace on the Acropolis came) started. The Danish brothers Hans Christian and Theophil von Hansen continued this work under King Otto . Ziller combined their Greek classicism with stylistic elements of a northern Italian Neo-Renaissance and - in his church buildings - Byzantine architectural elements and shaped the appearance of the capital as a modern European metropolis with representative public buildings and magnificent private houses during the reign of King George I. The National Hellenic Research Center describes this “ eclectic Athens” of the second half of the 19th century, made up of classicism and northern Italian neo-Renaissance, supplemented by modern ideas from Vienna and Dresden, as the “Athens of Ziller”, in which it has “the lordly profile of the late Greek civil society at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century [certain] ”.

Ziller's work was first recognized in 1942 by Hans Hermann Russack in his seminal book Building Germans in Athens . The architect, almost forgotten in Greece and hardly known in Germany, was brought back to the public's minds in 1973 by Dimitrios Papastamos on the 50th anniversary of his death by attempting a monograph (Prospatheia Monographias) based on von Ziller's daughter Josefine (Fifi) Dima-Ziller Original documents handed over to the Nationalgalerie. In particular, Maro Kardamitsi-Adami from the National Technical University of Athens honored Ziller's work in Greece in several publications. An exhibition of Ziller's designs in the National Art Gallery in Athens brought Ziller back to the minds of a wider audience in 2010.

First years

Birthplace in Radebeul, today with a porch instead of triple windows

Ernst Ziller was born into a family of builders as the oldest of ten children, the son of the builder Christian Gottlieb Ziller . When he and his one year younger brother Moritz (1838–1895) were born on the property, it was still part of the Serkowitzer Flur (today's address Augustusweg 4 ). In 1839 Oberlößnitz including the Ziller estate was spun off from Serkowitz and the neighboring Alt-Radebeul , which is why Ernst Ziller's place of birth is indicated in some sources as Oberlößnitz (or Oberlössnitz). Ernst and his brothers (four out of five boys took up a building profession) were already the third generation of builders. At the same time, he and Moritz learned building trades on their father's construction sites: Ernst became a master bricklayer and Moritz became a carpenter. They received the necessary theoretical lessons from their father at home, especially in winter when construction was idle. Ernst also attended the construction studio of the Academy of Fine Arts in Dresden ( Semper-Nicolai School ) from 1855 to 1858 , where he received a bronze medal in the second year and a silver medal in the third year for student competition work.

The home: Father Ziller's design for his Tuscan- style country house (1834, five years before Semper's Villa Rosa )

The two brothers went to Leipzig to see their master stonemason friend, Einsiedeln, and from there they wanted to go to Berlin or Potsdam together, where their uncle Christian Heinrich was working. On the advice of Einsiedeln, however, in 1858 they went to the “more solid” Vienna . Moritz quickly found work as a carpenter, while Ernst worked as a draftsman in the office of the classic Danish architect Theophil von Hansen . Just six months later, Hansen went to Greece to prepare for the construction of the Athens Academy , while the two brothers Ernst and Moritz returned to Lößnitz to deepen their knowledge in the workshop of the Saxon Academy of Fine Arts in the winter .

While Moritz was joining his father's master builder business in Oberlößnitz, Ernst successfully took part in an architecture competition for a residential development in Tbilisi . On the same day that the Russian embassy in Dresden informed him that he should call in to sign the contract for Tbilisi and then go there and implement his plans, he received an (preserved in the archive and dated September 20, 1859 ) Hansen's letter from Vienna, who made him an advantageous offer without, however, first mentioning Athens. Ernst Ziller decided to accept Hansen's offer instead of the construction project in Tbilisi, and drove to Vienna with borrowed money, "because his father wasn't at the cash register at the time".

Construction manager and accounting officer for Hansen

Athens, view from the Acropolis to the Lykabettus , around 1860, thus at the beginning of Ziller's activity there
Athens Academy

Ziller still had a year and a half to do in Vienna, especially as a draftsman on the plans for the Athens Academy. Then Hansen and Ziller drove together to Athens in 1861, where Ziller was his local representative for the next 30 years, with brief interruptions until Hansen's death. Beginning on March 23, 1861, shortly after Hansen's departure from Athens, Ziller wrote letters to Hansen regularly until September 7, 1890, 348 of which are archived in Hansen's estate. There were reports not only about the work for Hansen, but later also about Ziller's own work and about the family. Hansen also kept sending out sketches, plans and photos of his latest projects. Ziller's letters from the last few years used the confidential "you" (for example in a correspondence about his Lycabettos project in 1882), the invitation to visit in 1889 on the occasion of the upcoming wedding of the Greek crown prince even includes the family.

Ziller had difficulties with the construction progress, which was not only due to the different culture and language on the construction site, but also to the repeatedly delayed, although promised financing tranches of the financier Baron Simon von Sina . After the revolt of the Greek people and the abdication of King Otto , Baron von Sina ceased his payments "initially" in 1864, which meant that the construction of the academy had to be stopped "for an indefinite period" since the founding Baron von Sina was King Otto's former envoy Resented expulsion.

The Zappeion 2006
National Library

Ziller used the time, traveled through Italy in 1864 to study and immersed himself in Naples (“ Museum Borbonico ”), Rome (where he compared St. Peter's Basilica with the Dresden Frauenkirche ), Florence , Mantua and Verona, in addition to antiquity, especially the Italian Renaissance . In 1865 he was back in Hansen's office in Vienna, where he not only worked on further plans for the Athens Academy, but also made his own designs. During this time, among other things, a design in the Byzantine style for a church in his Lößnitz homeland was created without being asked , but this was rejected there and the Luther Church was only built 25 years later . He also studied at the Vienna Academy and graduated with a diploma. During this time until 1868 study trips took him to Berlin and Dresden, where he studied in particular the works of Schinkel and Semper .

National library at the time of construction, 1895

It was not until 1868 that Ziller was able to return to Athens to finish building the academy, since further funding was secured. At the same time he settled there and supervised all of Hansen's building projects for the next twenty years. The academy was completed in 1885. There was also the Zappeion exhibition building (laying of the foundation stone in 1874, inauguration in 1888) and the National Library (laying of the foundation stone in 1888, reference by the library collection in 1903). Within a short time he gained a high reputation there as one of the most important classical architects in Greece. In the public perception, Hansen stepped into the background so far that Ziller was asked during an audience by the new King Georg whether the plans for the new buildings were all his. The employment as Hansen's construction manager enabled Ziller to think about his own projects and ideas on a secure financial basis thanks to his monthly income. In a letter from Ziller to Hansen about 20 years later, he summed up this unique opportunity and thanked Hansen.

Hansen, Ziller's longstanding client and mentor on a friendly basis, died in 1891.

Construction researcher and classical archaeologist

Curvatures

The Parthenon in the 19th century
Metope triglyph frieze and left corner of the east pediment, Parthenon
Ernst Ziller: "Polychromic study for the middle section"

In August 1864, Ziller presented his study of the curvatures , in which he went into detail about the curvature of the horizontal in ancient buildings. Based on detailed measurements by Francis Penrose (1817–1903) of the Parthenon and the Theseion (today the Temple of Hephaestus ), he investigated the question of whether these curvatures were only created later by lowering the foundations at the corners of the buildings, while the building edges were originally absolutely straight, or whether the curve had already been created on purpose when it was built in antiquity. Ziller contradicted Karl Bötticher , who was highly praised for his work Tectonics of the Hellenes , who accepted the cause of subsequent reductions. Ziller, on the other hand, meticulously demonstrated that the temples were deliberately curved on the step structure and on the entablature: "Accordingly, not a single triglyph or metope table is cut at right angles: all are modeled according to the curve lines and their position in the triglyphone ." Nevertheless, the question of the curvature continued to be controversial discussed. In 1879 Josef Durm firmly rejected "such subtleties [...] as the deliberate curvature".

Ziller himself was not deterred; When drawing up the plans for the academy, he used the curvature effect of curvature for the first time since antiquity. Completely the practitioner, he concluded his article published in the Zeitschrift für Bauwesen in 1865 with instructions for creating curved horizontals that were prepared for practical use: “To plot the curve here, you simply take the gauge of the bottom layer, the curve of which is completely independent from the level, by sighting the curve base from the corners of the building and plotting the ordinates of the curve on it. As it turns out here, the production of the curvatures does not cause any greater difficulties in the execution than that of the completely horizontal ”.

Polychromy

Ziller “understood [...] a lot about ancient polychromy , because Greece's temples and statues were not of the white marble pallor as we know them today, but of bright and varied colors. Ziller drew the old ornaments and statues that were still preserved with great empathy and was able to pass so much on to posterity. 400 such drawings have survived ”. With this example in mind, he also used polychromy for his own work ; His watercolor designs not only showed colored facades, but inside his new buildings he also laid down detailed, color-coordinated room designs right through to matching furniture designs.

Dionysus Theater

Dionysostheater: Hyposkenion , drawing by Ernst Ziller
Dionysostheater, plan by Ernst Ziller, 1877

During excavations at the foot of the Acropolis in 1862, Heinrich Strack , Ernst Curtius and Karl Bötticher discovered the remains of the Dionysostheater . Even before his trip to Italy, Ziller had begun to record these remains on behalf of the Athens Archaeological Society and to record them in numerous drawings. This resulted not only in the site plan, precise floor plans and the measurement of the cross-section of the site, but also depictions of individual showpieces such as the throne of the Dionysus priest and the central part of the Hyposkenion of Phaedrus, which showed the extent of the finds. His documents were not only shown in the Journal of the Archaeological Society ( Archaiologike Ephemeris ), but also published in other specialist journals, for which he again dealt with the system in 1870 and 1877. As early as 1868 this gave him his first notoriety in professional circles as the "architect Ziller, a student of Hansen, known for his recording of the Bacchus Theater".

Troy

Drawing by Ziller from Hahn's excavations, 1864

In May 1864 the Austrian consul for Eastern Greece and Balkan specialist Johann Georg von Hahn invited Ziller and the astronomer Schmidt to accompany him on an excavation trip to the site of the presumed Troy . Hahn published the results of the excavation, including the images created by Ziller and the maps created by Schmidt. Ziller later noted in his diary: “I lent this brochure to Dr. Schliemann , when he came to Athens and wanted to go to Troy for the first time. This is how I made his acquaintance. "

Schliemann (1822–1890) confirmed the Hahn-Ziller excavation in his report on his first trip to Troy in 1868 and also described the excavation site, although he was wrong in the dating and the publication date of the brochure: “The consul Hahn has with the architect Ziller organized excavations on this hill in 1865, and brought almost the size of a small citadel to light… ”. Schliemann's sensational find, Priam's treasure , came from another part of the settlement.

The chance meeting between Schliemann and Ziller should lead to a lifelong friendship between the two. Ziller later designed Schliemann's Athens residence, a magnificent city palace ( Iliou Melathron , 1878/1879), and Schliemann's final resting place (Schliemann's mausoleum on the First Athens Cemetery ) came from Ziller.

Panathenaic Stadium

Panathenaic Stadium, drawing by Ziller, 1870
Opening ceremony of the 1896 Olympic Games

Ziller's most important discovery goes back to 1864. In that year he is said to have bought a piece of land on which the remains of the ancient stadium had been searched in vain before him. However, it was not until his return to Athens in 1868 before Ziller could start digging on his property. In 1869 he reported by letter about the rediscovery of the Panathenaic Stadium and that he had come across preserved remains. However, since about 13,000 cubic meters of earth had to be removed, which was beyond Ziller's possibilities, the king took over the costs of the excavation and provided Ziller with additional funds in order to acquire adjacent land for the king and thus secure the entire area of ​​the stadium. Once or twice a week, Ziller met King George I , sometimes with Queen Olga , at the excavation site. In 1870 his report appeared in the Bauwesen magazine. After the excavation site had been provisionally prepared by the Greek architect Anastasios Metaxas , the second Olympics took place there on November 15, 1870 .

On the basis of his findings, Ziller designed a reconstruction of a “new-old” stadium, which in turn was implemented by Metaxas using the existing remains and using gleaming white Pentelic marble . Pierre de Coubertin opened the Olympic Games of 1896 in this Athens stadium .

More excavations

Athens, map by Ernst Ziller (1877)
Photograph by Félix Bonfils : The Acropolis and the Temple of Zeus in the foreground (1868)

In August 1862 Ziller was on archaeological studies on the island of Aegina and in September 1862 and from then on again and again until 1897 to excavations on the Athens Acropolis .

He dug in eastern Attica , in Rhamnous , in 1868. According to the descriptions summarized by Russack from Ziller's diaries, Ziller encountered a local robber captain and his gang that went smoothly.

In October 1876, Ziller examined together with the Hereditary Prince of Meiningen, Bernhard III. , the ruins of Eleutherai and Aigosthena . The drawings contained in the publication report were again from Ziller.

In 1877 Ziller published his research into the ancient aqueducts in Athens, which he had carried out for several years. The modern city with the water problem foreseen by Ziller had 55 to 60 thousand inhabitants at that time, while the ancient city could supply around 200 thousand inhabitants with water.

In 1881 he dug together with Heinrich Schliemann in Orchomenos ; a year later, during his construction work on the town hall of Hermoupolis, he recorded the ancient remains of the theater there for an excavation report.

Influences on Ziller's architecture

Temple of Athena Nike
Schliemann's grave monument, drawing by Ernst Ziller, 1892

Ziller's teacher Hansen took up parts of classic monuments and incorporated them into his designs. Ziller also took over the working method and was guided in his architectural design thinking by his building research results and archaeological findings. In general, this resulted in the use of the curvatures for his designs, as can be seen in his plans for the Athens Academy.

In particular, the transfer of the knowledge gained can be seen very directly in the design for the Royal Theater from the 1880s . The existing remains of Hadrian's Library in Athens were copied as an idea and imitated in the street facade. The location on a steeply sloping street without a large forecourt is not even ideal for a reference to the model.

Ziller's tomb for Heinrich Schliemann in the First Athens Cemetery shows, down to the smallest detail, the type of monument erected for ancient heroes . The tomb consists of a large burial chamber as a substructure for a base adorned with friezes , on which in turn a Doric amphiprostyl stands. As a result, Ziller designed something like the Doric version of the Temple of Athena Nike . However, the Parthenon also influenced Ziller's work: "The proportions of the columns , capital and architrave correspond exactly to the values ​​that can be found on the Parthenon." Ziller inclined the columns of the mausoleum inward by one centimeter and made the corner columns five centimeters thicker than the central columns . The column shafts received a slight swelling .

Ziller also complied with Schliemann's wish that the frieze show scenes from the Iliad and that the metope fields should reflect Schliemann's archaeological finds.

To be self-employed

architect

Apollon Theater in Patras

As early as 1862, Ziller reported that he had developed projects for two clients that had not yet been implemented; “Also for my brother (in Oberlössnitz) 2, for whom the foundation stone has already been laid. […] My brother builds one or two such small villas every year on speculation, and does very good business with them. ”Since Ziller wrote this in his letters to Hansen and also provided a lot of support with the choice of color and the subsequent forwarding of the documents asked the brother, it can be assumed that Ziller had Hansen's approval for his independence in addition to the employed site management. And he also produced his own work at Hansen in Vienna.

Metropolitan Church of St. Gregorios Palamas , Thessaloniki

Although Ziller had mainly returned to Athens in 1868 to take care of Hansen's buildings, he also set up his own architectural office, which he soon strengthened with his brother Paul. As early as 1869 he was so well known for his excavation publications that he was approached on the street and congratulated. At the beginning of the 1870s, the first major public building contracts came in, for example the theaters in Patras and Zakynthos . The Apollon Theater in Patras was stylistically based on the Renaissance city ​​palaces of Venice , fused with his conception of Greek classicism . This eclecticism that began here was to be retained by Ziller throughout his work and brought to a unity. His church buildings, however, differed stylistically from this direction, since he assumed a Byzantine style there .

Illiou Melathron for Schliemann
House Seebach by Nicolai
Interior design by Ernst Ziller
Furniture designs by Ernst Ziller

In the following decades he built more than a hundred villas and country houses for the Athenian and Greek bourgeoisie, all over Greece, but mainly in Athens. His friend Heinrich Schliemann had the most important one built for himself : his residential palace Iliou Melathron ( Palace of Ilion , 1878/1879, painted until 1881). Schliemann's guideline: “Since I lived in small houses all my life, I would like to spend the remaining years of my life in a large building. I want space and nothing more. You can choose any style, my only requirement is a wide marble staircase that should lead from the ground floor to the first floor and a terrace at the top "led, according to Georgios Korres, to one of the" most representative, magnificent and original buildings in Europe of the previous [19.] Century ". The street view of the compact three-storey building on an approximately square floor plan shows a round arch loggia and is reminiscent of the Palazzo Trevisan in Venice in the 16th century, but the relationship with Nicolai's Seebach house and Semper's Villa Rosa can also be recognized. Schliemann was particularly impressed by the Villa Rosa on a trip to Dresden, and is said to have recommended it to Ziller as an example of architecture. Ziller also quotes himself, however, as he had already used this arcade arch sequence at the theater in Patras in 1871 . While Ziller was believed that the added arrived his legacy of Baron Sina of 20,000 drachmas a quarter of the construction costs of the Athens city villa accounted for, sufficient so 80,000 drachmas for such a building, Schliemann's cost Palace of Ilion , which now houses the Numismatic Museum located , 439,650 drachmas until it was finished.

After Ziller had completed the heroon-like grave monument for Schliemann in the First Athens Cemetery , his body was reburied there in 1892.

The Stathatos family of shipowners had their city villa Megaro Stathatou built in the Kolonaki district in 1895 , which is now the Museum of Cycladic Art .

In terms of a holistic design , Ziller also came up with drafts for the interior design of the buildings he designed up to the design of the furniture to be installed there. In Schliemann's house, he left the detailed design of the interiors he designed to the painter Jurij Šubic , who also painted his house in Athens, but had floors that he designed himself laid.

The brothers Ernst and Paul Ziller

Paul Ziller (1846–1931) was the youngest brother of Ernst Ziller, and like everyone else except Otto, who became a businessman, Paul learned a construction trade. After completing his stonemason training from 1860–1862, he studied architecture, presumably in Dresden. Similar to what the older brother Hans Christian Hansen had done with his younger brother Theophil, Ernst as the older also moved the younger Paul to Athens after his military service in 1868 so that he could support him in his work. From the end of the 1860s, Ernst was able to go to Italy several times for longer periods of time for study and vacation purposes and to leave the supervision of the building activities at the academy to his brother Paul.

Paul worked as an assistant in his brother's office until at least 1878. Afterwards Paul settled himself as an architect in Athens, where he worked independently with the design of houses and interiors. Ernst reported in 1881 that his brother had just built a theater. In the mid-1890s Paul returned to Saxony .

District development: “Quartier Tsiller” in Piraeus

Patsiadis house (right) and neighboring house on the left, watercolor design by Ziller
Quartier Tsiller in Piraeus, pointed roof of the Patsiadis house (far right) behind the neighboring house on the left, Ziller's cement board factory (center). Postcard stamped 1908, photographed from the west bank. Today the Katharinen Church stands in the vacant lot.

In 1870, Ziller had bought a large estate in Piraeus in what is now the Kastella district on the eastern headland of the Bay of Zea , which included the most productive well (or spring) far and wide. From 1875 Ziller lived there himself. The estate was mentioned again in 1878: while Ziller was on his honeymoon with his newlywed wife, brother Paul, who was in charge of the business as usual, wrote to Hansen that the king was still staying on Ziller's property in Piraeus and probably not going to Tatoi until the end of the month . The decisive factor was probably the location directly by the sea, especially in summer, on the east side of the Bay of Zea, with a view of the Saronic Gulf . Ziller built numerous villas there “probably on speculation” (probably in advance and at his own expense), so that even contemporary city maps and postcards christened the villa colony “Quartier Tsiller” or “ Villa Colonie Ziller”. In August 1879 Ziller reported: “I read in the newspapers that the king wants to buy one of my villas or even three of them. Well, I have the same for sale […] “The estate became a gold mine. Again and again the king spent his summers in one of the Ziller villas, none of which exist anymore. Only the Patsiadis house is still standing, on the first floor of which there were “royal apartments”. Today there is a bar there, the Café Ziller , in whose name the "Dresden architect [...] and draftsman who has become world-famous through his Athens buildings" lives on. The house Patsiadis ( 37 ° 56 '5 "  N , 23 ° 39' 4"  O ) to the affluent piräischen citizens P. Patsiadis, forms the southeastern corner of the street development at the exit from the port. In front of it lies the open space renamed Alexandra-Platz in 1891 (formerly probably Kap-Munichia-Platz or Ziller-Platz).

Building material manufacturer

In 1879, Ziller reported that he had "started his cement slab factory [...] and intended, if possible, to have all the houses in Athens and all the pavements paneled with slabs". "Guarding the factory secret" was important to him. In the first year the factory brought him a net profit of 3,000 drachmas ( Latin coin union ), "and if things go well, [he] will build a house in Athens from it." Ziller was satisfied with the company, which was still in operation in 1890 at least was in operation and the building can still be seen on a postcard from 1908. This factory was located on the area of the Tsiller quarter in Piraeus, as the notes and photos at Spichty with a map of the port of Zea show.

Architecture professor, then building director

National Bank building, now the National Bank of Greece

In 1872 Ziller was appointed professor of architecture at the "political technical school" ( Polytechnion. National Technical University of Athens ). In 1883 he wrote to Hansen of his dismissal from the teaching post by the "Minister Trikupis" (meaning the Prime Minister Charilaos Trikoupis ), which would have clearly positive aspects for Ziller. He wore himself out for the school and even lost some orders as a result. In future he would rather be overwhelmed with orders, which is much more profitable. This succeeded because he made his final breakthrough as a successful architect in the 1880s.

Kronprinzenpalais, 1909

Around 1880, King George made the decision to build the Royal Theater . Ernst Ziller was commissioned with the design and construction of the neo-renaissance building, the facade of which is based on the ancient Hadrian's library. The expansion of the building, which was completed around 1890, dragged on until 1900. Ziller had already built the city theater (1887/1888) beforehand.

National Archaeological Museum

In 1884 Ziller received the call to ministry, he was Director of Public Works of the first office of the Interior Ministry, where formerly Eduard Schaubert had been, so to Ziller architect of the Greek king I. Georg advanced. It stayed that way at least until the Greek national bankruptcy in 1893 , when construction had to be stopped from public funds. He was responsible for building the National Archaeological Museum (which was originally designed by Ludwig Lange , but whose facade was designed by Ziller), the National Bank , the main post office and the Athens Crown Prince's Palace (later City Palace, 1891-1893, now the seat of the President ). In 1888 Ziller reported that he had just finished designing an orphanage for girls, was busy designing the cadet school, and then the courts and ministries would come. In a letter dated September 1890, he wrote that Trikoupis had commissioned him to build a treasury; he was also designing a city hospital while the courts were waiting for him. With many, at least the public buildings, “one must assume catalog-like, standardized design and implementation processes. The example of the cadet school, completed around 1900, shows a loveless and sober architecture ”. Ziller designed various country houses for the royal family , and the construction of the royal country house near Tatoi followed the design for the summer residence on Petalon , which was probably not carried out .

Private

Ernst Ziller and his wife Sophia geb. Doudou

family

On one of his trips to Vienna in the spring of 1876, Ziller met the piano soloist Sophia Doudou , who came from a Macedonian family. Her father Konstantinos Doudos was a merchant from Kozani who lived in Vienna. The multilingual Sophia was trained as a pianist at the conservatory in Vienna, where she received a gold medal. After the engagement in May, the marriage followed in June 1876. The honeymoon took the two to his relatives in the Loessnitz near Dresden, then they moved to Athens. Their first daughter was born in May 1879, followed by a son two years later, with a total of three daughters and two sons.

Ziller enjoyed family life and often traveled with his wife and children, not only to Vienna but also to Constantinople for the summer. As he had learned from his own father, he also gave his eldest son home lessons in descriptive geometry. The couple ran a "art-loving house [...] where the most interesting minds in Athens at the time frequented". Sophia Doudou-Ziller, Athens' first piano teacher, gave private piano lessons to many children of important Athenian residents, taught at the Athens Conservatory and composed her own pieces. Doudou-Ziller received honorable mentions from Franz Liszt as well as from Camille Saint-Saëns .

Daughter Josephina (Fifi) Dima-Ziller (1885–1965), who later married the painter Dimitrios Dimas (1886–1957), became a painter. She kept Ziller's legacy until the most important pieces were transferred to the Nationalgalerie in 1961, including Ziller's diary, which Russack had used for his work from 1942.

Living

Athens and Piraeus

Initially, Ziller stayed in Athens. In 1870 he bought a large estate outside the metropolis in Piraeus , in today's Kastella district . This was on the eastern headland that protects the Bay of Zea (Passalimani). He moved there in 1875, presumably into an existing house, as he nowhere reports of building a house in Piraeus. To the area belonged the most productive water well (or a spring) far and wide, so that Ziller could later supply his neighbors with water in the dry summer months. The area was to become known nationwide as Quartier Tsiller and develop into a gold mine for Ziller.

An own town house in Athens was able to build only Ziller 1882/1883. The necessary funds came from Baron Simon von Sina , among others , with whom Ziller had been on friendly terms since his time in Vienna and the work on the establishment of the Athens Academy. Sina gave Ziller 20,000 drachmas in her will, a sum equivalent to about a quarter of a city villa. In years of negotiations with the administrators of the estate of the Baron, who died in Vienna in 1876, Ziller had to “squeeze out” the sum. In addition, Ziller had to sell 4,000 square meters of his property in Piraeus. The city villa with the office was at 6 Odos Mavromichali; Hansen's archive has preserved a floor plan of the first floor that Ziller had attached to an invitation to Athens in 1889 on the occasion of the Crown Prince's wedding. The room intended for Hansen had a balcony and a view of the Acropolis.

During the summer months, Ziller always lived with his family in Piraeus, “where you can get fresh sea air”. In the morning he took the 6 o'clock train to Athens, only to return in the evening on the 6 o'clock train after work.

Contacts to German relatives

Ernst Ziller, the most influential member of original Saxon Baumeister family , was the eldest brother of Radebeuler architect Moritz and Gustav and as architect Paul , all sons of the Saxon architect Christian Gottlieb Ziller , and a second cousin of the Prussian architect Carl Ernst Heinrich Ziller whose Father Christian Heinrich worked for Schinkel.

Ziller kept in touch with his German relatives not only at the beginning, when in 1862 he drafted plans for the construction of two villas in Lößnitz for his brother Moritz, who from that year also acted as construction manager in his father's construction company . In 1865 there were plans for a church building there, which was Byzantine in style, just as all his church buildings were to follow this basic direction. The newspaper in Kötzschenbroda , the largest of the ten Loessnitz towns, reported in 1869 that Ziller had “come to the Lykurg Stadium in 340” the month before (ie the Panathinaiko Stadium ) and that the King of Greece decided to continue the excavations under Ziller's direction have.

Swiss-style villa from 1862: Villa Waldhof owned by the Ziller brothers, Niederlößnitz , later owned by their sister Helene

After a visit to Radebeul in July 1878, he wrote to Hansen the following month: “My two brothers, Moritz and Gustav, have built a lot here in the last 4 years and have developed a very important spirit of enterprise. Your waterworks is a much more grandiose undertaking than I initially thought; it can supply the whole area with water ... Now there are many fountains; the lawns and trees can be sprinkled with water several times a day: in short, it is wonderful to see the newly created gardens flourish. ”And he wondered what could become of Athens and the surrounding area with enough water. The Zillersche waterworks became the model, for example, for the waterworks in Gropa, today Lakka.

Villa Nizzastraße 11 and Villa Agnes, Oberlößnitz, architectural drawing from 1879

Some of the designs for his villas in Kifissia are strongly reminiscent of a frequently built specialty of the Ziller brothers : their villas and country houses in the Swiss style . His design for the completed royal country seat in Tatoi also corresponded to this style.

The visit of the families Karl and Emma May as well as Richard and Klara Plöhn in 1900 happened through the mediation of the Ziller siblings in Saxony.

The influence also worked in the other direction: Around 1879 Moritz and Gustav built several country house-like villas reminiscent of Greek models in Oberlößnitz in the Nizzastraße they had developed . Karl May lived in one of them, the Villa Agnes , before he bought his Villa Shatterhand from them - a building that is stylized as the “ Italianizing Renaissance ” in Dehio's Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , an architectural style that also influenced Ernst Ziller.

Visit from Karl May, Klara's request from the tomb

May tomb in Radebeul, compare with the Nike temple and the Schliemann mausoleum in the chapter above

The Saxon writer Karl May acquired the mid-1890s when the builders Brothers Ziller, precisely at Ernst's brother Otto, who finished villas for his brothers in Lößnitz department store vermakelte, his last residence, the Villa Shatterhand .

Reconstruction drawing of the Temple of Athena Nike

In the second part of his trip to the Orient, he went to Athens on July 7, 1900 , together with his wife Emma and the Plöhn family. Because of the Ziller's contacts back home, they met with “Prof. Ziller ". Plöhn's wife Klara, who later became Klara May , later noted: “The May couple and we were once in Athens with my already very suffering husband Plöhn and others and had a moonlit night there - thanks to the mediation of Prof. Ziller, who comes from Radebeul spent on the Acropolis. Then the thought arose in me of creating the Niketempel as a crypt in Radebeul. Soon afterwards Plöhn died. He was buried in Radebeul. "

In 1934 Klara May wrote: “An architect living in Athens, a Radebeul child, Professor Ziller, had shown us through Greece's treasures. He took up our idea enthusiastically and carried it out in Radebeul with his brother, who had also lived in Athens for a generation. There is now the replica of the temple of Nikes from the Acropolis in Athens. "

In 1942 she put it this way: “I had meanwhile married Karl May, who gave me the mausoleum as it stands in the cemetery today, it should be a distraction for me and fulfill the wish I made in Athens on the Acropolis would have. The Ziller brothers, who were both there, carried out the work. Radebeul and Athens were closely connected by the Zillers, who founded the Lößnitz. ”Whether Paul Ziller, who is considered the architect of the May tomb , received designs from his brother Ernst about the much smaller proportions of the Radebeul tomb compared to the original Nike temple or to get the Schliemann mausoleum right, can be deduced from the quote, but is probably not currently researched. A solution offers itself in the formulation of the former Radebeul preservationist Dietrich Lohse, namely that Paul Ziller, who was commissioned for the tomb, "consulted the Athenian brother Ernst [e]".

End of life

An unfavorable business transaction in 1900 ruined Ziller, he had to sell his town house for 150,000 drachmas to the banker and art collector Dionysios Loverdos. (In 2011 it was decided that a museum for the Loverdos collection would be opened in the Ziller-Loverdos building as a department of the Byzantine and Christian Museum . For this purpose, the building was restored from 2012 and is to be opened to the public in February 2019. ) After the large construction contracts came to an end around 1900, Ernst Ziller became quieter. The family had to learn to get by with little. Ziller had his "studio" (presumably the office) in future on the corner of Kanaris and Solonos streets. He dealt with smaller buildings such as the Austrian Archaeological Institute in 1906 or some churches and monuments. One of his daughters sketched him, who “was a very amiable and attractive person in personal dealings”, in the same year as an older gentleman with narrowed eyes. Due to the anti-German mood during and after the First World War , Ziller fell into isolation.

The last draft that Spichty became aware of during his investigations was from 1920 and dealt with a memorial on the island of Lesbos . By then Ziller had designed more than 600 public and private buildings and had a decisive influence on the architecture of classical Greece in the 19th century.

In 1923 the curtain fell for the last time in the Zillerschen Stadttheater in Athens, from then on it became a refugee camp for many of the displaced persons as part of the persecution of Greece in the Ottoman Empire .

Ziller died in Athens on November 25, 1923, according to Papastamos "old and poor". Further information on this could possibly be provided by the processing of the previously undeveloped, privately owned business archive of the Ziller brothers and the private correspondence of Ernst Ziller contained therein. Like Schliemann, Ziller was buried in the First Athens Cemetery . According to Spichty, the tomb was in very poor condition in the 1990s.

Art historical reception

In 1942, Hans Hermann Russack dedicated a separate chapter to Ziller in his work Germans build in Athens , in which some information taken directly from Ziller's handwritten diary is quoted. At that time, the diary was in the possession of Ziller's daughter Josefine Dima-Ziller, who administered the estate. The art historian Friedbert Ficker pointed out in 2003 that, despite the existence of Russack's book at the time, the entry on Ziller in Thieme-Becker was "incomplete and sometimes misleading" because the biographies and works of his cousin Carl Ernst Heinrich Ziller were mixed up . Ficker himself summed up in his work that Ziller, together with Hansen, “paved the way” for classicism in Athens and then developed an architectural form “which determined the image of his new home well into the 20th century and was reflected in various ways can be tracked ".

The Athens National Gallery bought the most important part of Ziller's documents from Ziller's daughter in 1961 and presented it to the public in 1973 on the fiftieth anniversary of Ziller's death. Dimitrios Papastamos described this as a first attempt at a monograph ( Prospatheia Monographias ), which was also the name of the publication.

It was not until after 2000 that extensive overviews of Ziller's work in Greece appeared in the architecture volumes of the architecture professor Maro Kardamitsi-Adami from the National Technical University of Athens .

The historian Leonidas Kallivretakis of the National Hellenic Research Foundation describes the "eclectic Athens" of the second half of the 19th century, consisting of a mixture of Greek classicism and northern Italian neo-Renaissance , as the "Athens of Ziller".

Virginia Mavrika, curator of the Athens City Museum, connects Ziller's regular visits to Hansen in Vienna with the painter Carl Rahl and his students like Eduard Bitterlich . She sees Ziller, influenced by Hansen's role model, in his use of architecture , painting (drafting interior designs ) and sculpture (drafting sculptures for exterior facades as well as furniture and wall panels as templates for wood carvers) as complementary arts as representatives of the total work of art idea.

The following assessment comes from the art historian Marina Lambraki-Plaka, director of the National Gallery in Athens : “Ziller's architecture is based on light; it changes with the Greek light . Columns of all styles flooded with light, stoas, expressive decorative patterns transform his buildings into musical instruments in which light and shadow form a never heard melody of great harmonic richness - always with the course of the sun. The Greek measure set the hierarchy of its architecture in accordance with the ancient models. Ziller determined the lordly profile of late Greek bourgeois society at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, but he also had a decisive influence on petty-bourgeois and popular neoclassical architecture. "

An exhibition of Ziller's designs in the National Art Gallery in Athens brought him back to the minds of a wider audience in 2010.

Works (selection)

The National Theater during the renovation (2007)
Peloponnesian train station in Athens, photo a few days after the closure in 2005
Ermoupolis Town Hall, Syros
Theater in Zakynthos, it was rebuilt after the 1953 earthquake
Megaro Syngrou, now the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Megaro Stathatou
Megaro Mela
Villa Atlantis
Metamorphosis Sotiros Church in Vilia , West Attica
Athens City Theater, designed by Ziller, before 1886. On the left the Megaro Mela
Court of Justice of Athens, draft by Ziller, 1895
Lykabettos project: arcade, watercolor design by Ziller, around 1886

Buildings on behalf of Hansen

  • Academy of Athens (design started in 1856, Ziller designs from 1858 or 1859, construction completed in 1885)
  • Hotel Grande Bretagne (probably 1862–1874)
  • Zappeion in Athens (laying of the foundation stone in 1874, inauguration in 1888)
  • National Library in Athens (laying of the foundation stone in 1888, acquired by the library collection in 1903)

Public buildings

Private villas

  • Iliou Melathron , Athens residence of Heinrich Schliemann (1878–1881), today the Numismatic Museum
  • Megaro Stathatou (villa for the Stathatos family of shipowners, 1895), now the Museum of Cycladic Art in Athens, including laundry and stables
  • Megaro Deligeorgi (villa for Leonidas Deligeorgis (1840–1928), around 1890), Athens
  • Megaro Koupa (villa for the industrialist Achilleas Koupas, 1875–1900), Athens
  • Megaro Syngrou (for Andreas Syngros , 1872/1873, today Foreign Ministry), Athens
  • Country house of Andreas Syngros, Anavryta
  • Megaro Tsiller (Odos Mavromichali 6, 1882), branch of the Byzantine and Christian Museum from 2019
  • Villa for Stefanos Psychas, Athens ( Petit Palais , today the Italian Embassy, ​​Leoforos Vasilissis Sofias & Sekeri 2, 1885–1904)
  • Megaro Psycha (for Nikolaos Psychas, today the Egyptian Embassy, ​​Leoforos Vasilissis Sofias 3, 1885)
  • House of the banker Stamatios Dekozi Vouros (1792–1881) (Odos Stadiou 23, 1880)
  • Villa for Ioannis Pangas (1889, later Hotel Megas Alexandros ) on Omonia Square , Athens
  • A. Katsandri House (1878), Athens
  • Megaro Mela (for the merchant Vasilios Melas, later a hotel, then the main post office, today a bank; laying of the foundation stone in 1873, realization from 1882)
  • Villa Rose in the Athens suburb of Kifisia (Ernst Ziller's own summer house, Odos Pesmazoglou 12, later Villa Kalamaras)
  • Villa Atlantis, Kifisia (for Solon Vlastos, editor of the Atlantis newspaper in New York, 1897, adjacent to Villa Rose)
  • Villa Odos Kokkinaki 4, Kifisia
  • Villa Nikolaos Thon with Agios Nikolaos Chapel (for Nikolaos Thon, King George's courtier ), 1891
  • Palataki in Chaidari
  • Villa of the composer Pavlos Carrer in Zakynthos
  • House Patsiadis (Café Ziller) in Piraeus (last existing Ziller building in Quartier Tsiller ) with neighboring house for Patsiadis and other villas at their own expense in Quartier Tsiller
  • House of the Gangos family in Ermoupoli (Odos Vasileos Konstantinou 11)
  • Villa for Loudovikos Librytis (1888)

Residential houses

  • House of Stathopoulos, Athens (for Efstathios Stathopoulos, Odos Agiou Dimitriou, 1881)
  • Eclectic two story house (Odos Athinas 16 & Voreou 17, 1900)
  • Apartment block Pesmazoglou (around 1900), Athens
  • Residential and commercial building for merchant Vougas, Athens (Odos Stadiou, 1898)
  • Schliemann-Melas House, Athens (for Agamemnon Schliemann and Andromache Schliemann, married Melas, Panepistimiou , around 1900)
  • Apartment building on the narrow side of Miaoulis Square in Ermoupoli
  • Two-storey house, Patras (corner of Maizonos and Odos Agiou Nikolaou, assignment)
  • Private house, Kalamata (Odos Navarinou & Odos Vyronos, 20th century, with Art Nouveau balcony grilles rarely used by Ziller )

Churches

  • Agios Nikolaos (for Nikolaos Thon, courtier of King George, 1891)
  • Chapel of Agios Georgios (1899–1901) in the Orfanotrofiou Chatzikonsta (Chatzikonstas orphanage), Metaxourgio
  • Panagia Chrysospiliotissa, Athens
  • Agios Loukas (1865–1870), Athens (Patision)
  • Chapel of Agios Andreas, Anavryta (for Andreas Syngros, assignment)
  • Agios Athanasios (1891 or 1911), Pyrgos
  • Agios Grigorios Palamas, Thessaloniki
  • Faneromeni Cathedral (1890 or 1899–1914), Theotokou and Eisodion Church (1893), Egio
  • Metamorphosis Sotiros Church, Vilia , West Attica
  • Agia Marina, Velo , Korinthia (1880)
  • Agia Triada, Athens (Odos Pireos, early 20th century, unrealized design?)

Monuments and tombs

drafts

Fonts

  • On the original existence of the curves of the Parthenon. In: Journal of Construction. 15, 1865, col. 35-54. Link to PDF digitized .
  • Excavation at the Panathenaic Stadium. In: Journal of Construction. 20, 1870, Sp. 485–492 = excavation at the Panathenaic Stadium at the expense of SH of the King of Greece. Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1870.
  • Investigations into the ancient aqueducts of Athens. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute. Athenian Department. 2, 1877, pp. 107-131 ( full text PDF; 1.7 MB).
  • The theater of Dionysus at Athens. Recorded and drawn by Ernst Ziller. Explanatory text by Leopold Julius. In: Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst. 13, 1878, pp. 193-204. 236-242.
  • Eleutherai and Aigosthea. In: Journal of Construction. 29, 1879, Col. 285–288 (plans and drawings by Ernst Ziller, text by B. = Bernhard III. Von Sachsen-Meiningen ).
  • Heinrich Schliemann's tomb. In: The Builder. September 21, 1891, p. 391 ff.
  • Did the Parthenon really suffer from the last earthquake in such a way that its continued existence is in question? In: Deutsche Bauzeitung . 29, 1895, pp. 6-7 full text (PDF).

Archival material

  • Ziller archive in the National Gallery (Ethniki Pinakotheki Athinon), Athens (with 430 entries)
  • Pnevmatiko Kentro, Athens (individual plans and photographs)
  • State Archives (Geniko Archio tou Kratous), Athens (Ziller's diary: "Ziller's memories", reported as stolen)
  • Archio tis Eparchias ton Kykladon, Ermoupolis (plan material for the town hall in Hermoupolis)
  • Royal Library Copenhagen (estate of Theophil von Hansen, including letters from Ziller to Hansen between 1861 and 1890)

literature

  • Friedbert Ficker , Gert Morzinek, Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family. Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, ISBN 3-89870-076-3 .
  • Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 (English).
  • Maro Kardamitsi-Adami, Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Ernst Ziller, 1837–1923. Art of the Classical. Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2007.
  • Maro Kardamitsi-Adami, Manos Biris: Neoclassical architecture in Greece . Getty Publications, Los Angeles 2004, ISBN 978-0-89236-775-7 , pp. 214 ff . (English, limited preview in Google Book Search - Greek: Neoklasikē architektonikē stēn Hellada . 2001. Translated by David Hardy).
  • Marilena Z. Kasimati: Ernéstos Tsíller. Architékton (1837-1923); 22 Martíou - 30 Avgústou 2010, Ethnikí Pinakothíki ke Musío Aléxandrou Soútzou. Athens 2010. (Exhibition at the National Gallery of Athens , 2010), ISBN 978-960-7791-46-7 .
  • Dimitrios Papastamos: Ernestos Tsiller. Prospatheia Monographias . Greek Ministry of Culture, Athens 1973.
  • Eberhard Rondholz : Ernst Ziller (1837–1923). A homage to the great classical architect in Athens. In: Exantas. Issue 13, Dec. 2010, pp. 48–57 ( [1] PDF).
  • Hans Hermann Russack : Germans build in Athens . Wilhelm Limpert-Verlag, Munich 1942, pp. 129-131, 141, 150-168.
  • Stephan Spichty: The town hall of Hermoupolis. A travel report. Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture (copy is in the Radebeul City Archives ).
  • Ziller, Ernst (Karl HE) . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 501 .

Web links

Commons : Ernst Ziller  - Collection of Images

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 120-123 (English).
  2. ↑ Athens and the Attica Peninsula; Classical Athens; urban planning
  3. ↑ a b Leonidas Kallivretakis: Athens in the 19th century: From regional town of the Ottoman Empire to capital of the Kingdom of Greece
  4. ↑ a b c d Arn Strohmeyer: Walk through Athens in the footsteps of the German architect Ernst Ziller
  5. ↑ Friedbert Ficker; Gert Morzinek; Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, p. 4.
  6. ↑ a b Friedbert Ficker; Gert Morzinek; Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, p. 27.
  7. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report. Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 45 (letter printed there).
  8. ↑ a b Stephan Spichty: The town hall of Hermoupolis. A travel report. Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 29.
  9. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report. Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 35.
  10. ↑ Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (=  Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 , p. 172 f .
  11. ^ Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 225 .
  12. ↑ On the original existence of the Curvatures of the Parthenon , Athens 1864.
  13. ↑ The Society of Dilettanti published due to the work of Penrose and John Pennethorne 1847 Anomalies in the Construction of the Parthenon , Penrose himself admitted his findings in 1851, the work Principles of Athenian architecture out, which he republished in an expanded form 1888th
  14. ↑ On the Original Existence of the Curvatures of the Parthenon , Athens 1864, p. 8.
  15. ^ Josef Durm: Constructive and polychrome details of Greek architecture. In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen, 1879, p. 414.
  16. ↑ On the original existence of the Parthenon's curvatures. In: Zeitschrift für das Bauwesen, 1865, Sp. 35–54.
  17. ↑ On the original existence of the Parthenon's curvatures. In: Zeitschrift für das Bauwesen, 1865, Sp. 54. (quoted from: Friedbert Ficker, Gert Morzinek, Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family. Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, p 17.)
  18. ↑ Friedbert Ficker; Gert Morzinek; Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, p. 16 f. (there drawings by Ziller).
  19. ^ Journal of Fine Arts . Volume 3, 1868, p. 190.
  20. ^ Friedrich von Hahn:  Hahn, Johann Georg von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, pp. 366-369.
  21. ^ A b Hans Hermann Russack: Germans build in Athens . Munich 1942, p. 153.
  22. ^ Johann Georg von Hahn : The excavations on the Homeric Pergamos. Engelmann, Leipzig 1865 Digitized online
  23. ^ Hans Hermann Russack: Germans build in Athens. Wilhelm Limpert-Verlag, Munich 1942, p. 153. (Quote from Ziller's handwritten diary that Russack had before him.)
  24. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 32 (Heinrich Schliemann: Ithaka, der Peloponnes und Troja . Leipzig 1869, p. 143).
  25. ↑ Friedbert Ficker; Gert Morzinek; Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, p. 18. (there drawing by Ziller).
  26. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 30.
  27. ↑ Panathinaiko Stadium (Greek)
  28. ↑ Friedbert Ficker; Gert Morzinek; Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, p. 18.
  29. ↑ a b Investigations into the ancient water pipes of Athens. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute. Athenian Department. 2, 1877, plate VII. ( Full text (PDF; 1.7 MB) )
  30. ^ Hans Hermann Russack: Germans build in Athens . Munich 1942, p. 156. (Quoted from Spichty, p. 31 f.)
  31. ^ In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 29, 1879, Sp. 285–288 and Plate 44–45.
  32. ↑ Hermann Kienast: Athens Trilogy. In: Ancient World. Volume 26, No. 3, 1995, p. 161 ff. (Quoted from Spichty, p. 32.)
  33. ↑ a b c Stephan Spichty: The town hall of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 32.
  34. ↑ Georg Korres; Manolis Korres: Heinrich Schliemann's mausoleum in the central cemetery of Athens. In: Boreas. Münster contributions to archeology. 1986, p. 133 ff.
  35. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 33. (Letter to Hansen of September 27, 1862).
  36. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 33 f.
  37. ↑ a b c d Stephan Spichty: The town hall of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 38 f. (From: Georg Korres: Heinrich Schliemann's "Iliou Melathron" in Athens. In: Antike Welt. Volume 19, No. 3, p. 62.)
  38. ↑ The Iliou Melathron
  39. ↑ a b Γραπτές διακοσμήσεις του E. Τσίλερ… Ziller's Painted Decoration in Athenian Mansions and Hansen's Influence (PDF, Greek with English summary)
  40. ^ Johann August Kaupert : Sheet II of the maps of Attica (1876/1877) with the villa colony of Ziller .
  41. ↑ ΣΥΝΟΙΚΙΑ ΤΣΙΛΛΕΡ (Ziller district)
  42. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 34 f.
  43. ↑ Piraeus - Then and Now (Greek) ( Memento from July 12, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  44. ↑ ΣΤΟ ΕΣΩΤΕΡΙΚΟ ΤΗΣ ΟΙΚΙΑΣ ΠΑΤΣΙΑΔΟΥ (2013).
  45. ↑ a b Stephan Spichty: The town hall of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 32 f.
  46. ↑ a b c Stephan Spichty: The town hall of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 44.
  47. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 48.
  48. ↑ a b c Friedbert Ficker; Gert Morzinek; Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, p. 19.
  49. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 35. (Ziller's letter of September 17, 1883)
  50. ↑ a b c Stephan Spichty: The town hall of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 34.
  51. ^ A b Hans Hermann Russack: Germans build in Athens . Wilhelm Limpert-Verlag, Munich 1942, p. 158.
  52. ↑ a b c Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 24 (English).
  53. ^ A b Hans Hermann Russack: Germans build in Athens . Munich 1942, p. 152.
  54. ↑ Dimas, Dimitrios
  55. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 26 (English).
  56. ↑ Dima-Ziller Josefine (1885–1965)
  57. ^ Ernst Ziller's house acquires a new role
  58. ↑ a b Ernst Ziller> The German who beautified Athens gives the street number 4 differently.
  59. ↑ a b c Stephan Spichty: The town hall of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 36.
  60. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 56.
  61. ↑ According to Spichty, this country estate should still exist when his work was created, but he has not seen it.
  62. ↑ Barbara Bechter, Wiebke Fastenrath u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of German Art Monuments , Saxony I, Dresden District . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-422-03043-3 , p. 730-739 .
  63. ^ Orient Reise Karl Mays In: Karl-May-Wiki.
  64. ↑ a b H.-D. Stonemason: Karl May's tomb in Radebeul. P. 54 f. ( Online version )
  65. ↑ Klara May: Around the world under the swastika . (Series title) In: The fight for freedom . Official daily newspaper of the NSDAP. Gau Saxony . Dresden. Volume 4, No. 48, February 18, 1934.
  66. ^ Paul Ziller In: Karl-May-Wiki. (There is a photo of the topping-out ceremony of the tomb for Richard Plöhn, with Paul Ziller (left).)
  67. ↑ Dietrich Lohse: RADEBEUL in fine photos. In: Preview & Review; Monthly magazine for Radebeul and the surrounding area. Radebeuler monthly books e. V., February 2011, accessed August 5, 2011 .
  68. ^ New museums in the block
  69. ↑ Ανοίγει για το κοινό η κατοικία του Τσίλερ στην Μαυρομιχάλη
  70. ↑ The Ziller-Loverdos Mansion will open to the public in February 2019
  71. ^ Hans Hermann Russack: Germans build in Athens . Munich 1942, p. 151. (Quoted from Spichty, p. 35.)
  72. ↑ The Athens of the Ziller ( Memento from August 1, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  73. ↑ Dimitrios Papastamos: Ernestos Ziller . Prospatheia Monographias, Athens 1973.
  74. ^ Ernestos Ziller, 1837–1923. In: "I Kora" newspaper, November 25, 1923.
  75. ↑ Oral information from the Radebeul City Archives to users: Jbergner from July 15, 2011.
  76. ↑ Friedbert Ficker; Gert Morzinek; Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, p. 3.
  77. ↑ a b Stephan Spichty: The town hall of Hermoupolis. A travel report. Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 37 f.
  78. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 279 (English).
  79. ^ New Palace; Today the Presidential Mansion
  80. ↑ New Palace (Presidential Palace) (Greek)
  81. ↑ National Archaeological Museum (Greek)
  82. ↑ National Theater (Greek)
  83. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 168-171 (English).
  84. ↑ Aνακαινίζεται το κτήριο του Παλαιού Xημείου, Kapodistrias University (Greek)
  85. ↑ German Archaeological Institute (Greek)
  86. ↑ Austrian Archaeological Institute (Greek)
  87. ↑ Hotel "Bangion" (Greek)
  88. ↑ Hotel "Excelsior" (Greek)
  89. ^ "Attikon" cinema (Greek)
  90. ↑ Neo Arsakio (Greek)
  91. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 256-261 (English).
  92. ↑ Σχολή Ευελπίδων, cadet school (Greek)
  93. ↑ Κτήμα Τατοΐου ( Memento from October 12, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), τον κόμβο του Υπουργείου Πολιτισμού, ανακτήθηκε 12-10-2006 (pdf; 8.4 MB)
  94. ^ The Struggle for Macedonia: Collective Memory, Symbols and History
  95. ^ A b Friedbert Ficker, Gert Morzinek, Barbara Mazurek: Ernst Ziller - A Saxon architect and building researcher in Greece; The Ziller family. Fink, Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2003, p. 4 f.
  96. ^ Archaeological Museum Milos ( Memento from April 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Greek)
  97. ↑ Hubert Eichheim: Methana: Attractive peninsula on the Cycladic arch of active volcanoes , travel report on Greece.net
  98. ↑ Δημαρχείο Γυθείου (Town Hall of Gythio)
  99. ↑ Το Παλαιό Παρθεναγωγείο του Γυθείου (Parthenagogeio of Gythio)
  100. ↑ Megaro Stathatou (Greek)
  101. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 244 f . (English).
  102. ↑ Megaro Deligeorgi (Greek)
  103. ↑ Megaro Koupa (Greek)
  104. ↑ Megaro Syngrou (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) (Greek)
  105. ^ "Petit Palais" (Italian Embassy) (Greek)
  106. ↑ Egyptian Embassy (Greek)
  107. ↑ Eclectic three-story house (Greek)
  108. ↑ Hotel "Megas Alexandros" (Greek)
  109. ↑ House A. Katsandri (Greek)
  110. ↑ Megaro Mela (Greek)
  111. ↑ V. Melas Mansion (English)
  112. ↑ a b Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 198 f . (English).
  113. ↑ Villa Kalamaras, Kifisia
  114. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 200-205 (English).
  115. ↑ a b Agios Nikolaos (Greek), the Villa Thon itself was demolished
  116. ^ A grand gateway into the architecture of Ernst Ziller
  117. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 262-265 (English).
  118. ↑ Piraeus - Then and Now (a Greek-language compilation with photos of the Patsiadis house)
  119. ↑ John Travlos ; Angeliki Kokkou: Hermoupolis. The Creation of a new City on Syros at the Beginning of the 19th Century . Athens 1984, p. 77.
  120. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 172-175 (English).
  121. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 114-117 (English).
  122. ↑ Eclectic two-story house (Greek)
  123. ↑ Pesmazoglou Apartment House (Greek)
  124. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 136-139 (English).
  125. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 68.
  126. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 64-67 (English).
  127. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 272 f . (English).
  128. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 252-255 (English).
  129. ↑ Agios Georgios Orfanotrofiou Chatzikosta (Greek)
  130. ↑ Panagia Chrysospiliotissa (Greek)
  131. ↑ Agios Loukas (Greek)
  132. ↑ Νίκος Παπαγιαννάκος, Το «πέρασμα» του Ερνέστου Τσίλλερ απο το Μαρκόπουλο (Greek; PDF; 3.3 MB)
  133. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 97 (English).
  134. ^ A b Maro Kardamitsi-Adami, Manos Biris: Neoclassical architecture in Greece . Getty Publications, Los Angeles 2004, ISBN 978-0-89236-775-7 , pp. 227 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search - Greek: Neoklasikē architektonikē stēn Hellada . 2001. Translated by David Hardy).
  135. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 270 f . (English).
  136. ↑ Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 118 f . (English).
  137. ↑ a b Maro Kardamitsi-Adami; Dionysis Zivas (preface); Giorgis Gerolympos (photos): Classical Revival: The Architecture of Ernst Ziller 1837–1923 . Melissa Publishing House, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-204-275-3 , pp. 228-235 (English).
  138. ^ Hans Hermann Russack: Germans build in Athens. Wilhelm Limpert-Verlag, Munich 1942, p. 166.
  139. ↑ Report on the "Heroon Mytilinis" (gr.). (With two original drawings) Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  140. ↑ Stephan Spichty: The City Council of Hermoupolis. A travel report . Final thesis of the NDS / gta 1995–1997. ETH Zurich, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, p. 135.
  141. ↑ In Thieme-Becker, data on Carl Ernst Heinrich Ziller and Ernst Ziller are mixed.
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on September 18, 2011 in this version .
personal data
SURNAME Ziller, Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ziller, Ernst Moritz Theodor (full name); Tsiller, Ernestos; Τσίλλερ, Ερνέστος (Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Greek architect, building researcher and archaeologist
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Serkowitz , today Radebeul - Oberlößnitz
DATE OF DEATH November 4, 1923
Place of death Athens , Greece