Villa Rosa (Dresden)
The Villa Rosa was a villa in Dresden on Holzhofgasse next to the later rose garden on the Elbe . It was built in 1839 by Gottfried Semper for the banker Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim (1781–1863) and was a model for villa construction in Dresden for many decades. Burned out in 1945, its ruin was demolished without need in 1955; a plaque commemorates them since the 1990s.
history
The one from Königsberg i. Pr. Native now lives in Berlin banker Martin Wilhelm (to 1826 Mendel Wolff) Oppenheim left the villa in 1839 as a summer residence in the Dresden Anton city , on the right bank of the Elbe, in the lumberyard Gasse 15, built and named it after his wife "Rosa" , born Alexander (1792-1849). From 1845 to 1848, Semper also managed the construction of the Oppenheim'schen Palais on Dohnaische Gasse on behalf of Oppenheim , after which the Oppenheims completely moved to Dresden. The upper floor of Villa Rosa was furnished for the daughter Elisabeth and the son-in-law August Grahl as well as their numerous children. In the following decade and a half, the Oppenheims 'hospitality and the Grahls' sense of art made the villa a meeting place for the Dresden bourgeoisie.
After the death of Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim, his heirs sold the property to Baron Wilhelm Georg von Warburg , who was also a squire on Hohenlandin . It was acquired by the sewing machine manufacturer Clemens Müller from his heirs around 1898 , whose heirs in turn sold it to the Dresden rubber goods manufacturer and dealer Hermann Rudel around 1924. He also operated a factory and the "Frauenheil medical supply store" on the site.
In the 1890s and 1920s – 1930s the villa and its outbuildings were repeatedly let in whole or in part. One of the tenants in the 1890s was the then rector of the Dresden-Neustadt grammar school, Martin Wohlrab (1834–1913). In 1935, seven different tenants lived on the upper floor, where the Grahl family originally lived.
The property was given a new house number several times. Since around 1875 its address has been Holzhofgasse 20, since around 1892 Holzhofgasse 4. In the 1920s, the property was merged with the neighboring property to form Holzhofgasse 4/6.
The last owners were the city of Dresden in the late 1930s and the association for the Evangelical Lutheran Diakonissenanstalt in Dresden in the early 1940s, which maintained a kindergarten and day-care center with a gym here. The villa burned down during the air raids on Dresden in World War II and was demolished in 1955. Today there is a primary school on the site. A bust of Semper in front of the school and a plaque on the Elbe side of the garden are reminiscent of the villa.
architecture
The villa was modeled on the Italian Renaissance villa La Rotonda by Andrea Palladio in Vicenza and was considered one of the most important villa buildings in Dresden. Semper adapted the square floor plan with the central central hall to the use and created a building that is exemplary of 19th century villa architecture in Germany and Central Europe. In Dresden, for example, the Villa von Seebach or the Villa Struve were built by Hermann Nicolai based on this model .
About a base of rusticated two brightly plastered floors -Quadern risen. The facades were symmetrically structured, the floor plan almost square. The main show side in the south to the garden was structured in an antique way, it had a terrace, fountain and outside stairs on both sides of the terrace to the garden. A three-axis central project with three round arches rose above the terrace in front of the garden salon on the ground floor and above it four caryatids holding the roof beams . A viewing platform surrounded by a balustrade was built on the flat hipped roof .
The geometric center of the house was the octagonal salon, which reached over both floors and which was illuminated by a skylight . On the upper floor, balconies protruded into the salon area on four sides. As a result, a previously unknown opening was achieved inside the building, which was especially advantageous for social events. Other rooms, such as the staircase, which has so far been mostly representative, have been moved to the side.
Extensive open-air facilities, an extensive park with a gardener's house, which were also designed with reference to the Elbe, stretched around the Villa Rosa.
Villa of the banker Oppenheim near Dresden, view from the south side
Villa Rosa elevation and cross-section
Dresden Villa Rosa floor plan
literature
- Fritz Löffler: The old Dresden. History of his buildings. Dresden 1955.
- City Lexicon Dresden A – Z. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1995, ISBN 3-364-00300-9 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Fritz Löffler: The old Dresden. 14th edition. 1999, p. 398 f.
- ^ Fritz Löffler: The old Dresden. 14th edition. 1999, p. 381 f.
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 41.9 ″ N , 13 ° 45 ′ 35.7 ″ E