Rose Garden (Dresden)

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View over the middle section of the rose garden to the pavilion, in front the bronze sculpture of Recovery

The rose garden is a landscape garden on the Neustädter Elbufer in Dresden . The rose garden is now a listed building and is open all year round with free admission. On approximately 29,500 square meters, trees, some of which are from the time of origin, can be seen alongside around 100 different types of roses and various sculptures.

location

The rose garden is located on the Neustädter Elbe side to the right of the bridgehead of the Albert Bridge . It is bounded by the Carusufer , Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz and the Elbe Cycle Path . In the immediate vicinity of the rose garden (to the left of the bridgehead of the Albertbrücke) is the perennial garden with the archer by Ernst Moritz Geyger .

history

The rose garden in 1935
Central axis

The rose garden was built in 1935/36 according to plans by the city gardening director Heinrich Balke . He implemented the old idea of August the Strong of a flood-free bank promenade in such a way that this “Königsufer” with its special gardens could become a counterpart to the old town side of the Elbe, which was built up to the river bank.

Most of the trees that still exist today come from the time when the rose garden was created. It can be assumed that with the dismantling of the Reichsgartenschau that took place in Dresden in 1936, many of the plants shown there were also used in the continuation of the construction work on Dresden's Königsufer. Parts of the basic structures in the middle section are similar to partial temporary green spaces in the Reichsgartenschau of 1936, which were named exhibition section No. 45 Rosengarten there . For the annual garden and home show in 1937 (April 23rd to September 30th), the overall design of which also came from Balke, these systems in the Great Garden have remained structurally unchanged and were used as part of the exhibition No. 51 The rose garden with dance coffee "Butterfly" guided. The city garden administration of Dresden was responsible for their planting. A direct takeover of this exhibition area as part of the planning and construction of the rose garden on the Neustadt bank of the Elbe cannot therefore be concluded.

During the Second World War there were great losses of artistic equipment, so statues were melted down as precious metal donations. During the air raids on Dresden in February 1945, parts of the rose garden were hit by aerial bombs. The damage in the garden was intensified in the first years after the war by the use of the land for growing vegetables. The effects of the Second World War prevented a full implementation of the original design concept. With the loss of all plans and documents in February 1945 and the departure of Heinrich Balkes from Dresden, there were no more sources of information that could have been consulted if gardening activities in the rose garden had been resumed at a later date. In 1976 the rose garden was rebuilt on the occasion of the workers' festival in Dresden . However, the renovations mainly related to the inner areas of the rose garden and left the peripheral areas in their original state. Due to the lack of an overall concept, until the beginning of the first reconstruction measures in 1997 and the associated extensive research, individual woody plantings were repeatedly planted in the edge areas, which from today's perspective can no longer be integrated in terms of monument preservation. A lack of care capacities in the post-war years and the lack of knowledge of the basic design idea also led to a continuous spread of locust trees and winter linden trees on the rose garden embankment on the Elbe side next to the Crataegusweg. From 1988 onwards, the exemption of the small-crowned woody trees such as cornel cherry , hawthorn , Swedish whitebeam and field maple , originally planted in connection with shrub roses , began .

construction

The alignment of the rose garden along the banks of the Elbe is interrupted several times by transverse axes, which on the one hand offer views of the Elbe area and on the other hand form larger thematically separate areas surrounded by hornbeam hedges . Due to its strictly geometrical shape, this hedge is a separating and connecting element at the same time. The trees in the rose garden are an important part of the overall design of this garden space. Due to a constantly changing use of size, shape and color, which is repeated several times in its entirety, the individual parts of the garden are visually separated from each other. At the same time, the overall design impression is preserved. In addition to creating a spatial setting for the rose garden, the trees and shrubs also have the task of emphasizing visual relationships in and to the park as well as into the Elbe area.

Front part

Bowlilac flowers

The front part can be entered from Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz. Its design is mainly realized with selected rose varieties from the 1930s and shows a more scenic character in its design. By restoring the historical planting areas on the corners of the middle lawns, the original design idea of ​​a restrained start has been restored. In 2000 the historically documented slate pathways in the bush rose areas of the edge strips were laid out again. Only through these paths is it possible to experience the shrub roses and thus offer the most important prerequisite for an addition to the existing stock in this area based on the historical original. The visual relationships are formed in the front part by two fan maples and red-leaved fan maples planted diagonally on the corners . Another " focal point" was created in May with the bogey lilac .

Four putti made of shell limestone by Max Hermann Fritz represent the four seasons at the entrance to the front part .

Intermediate piece

Plastic "Ani-mal"

The middle part is located east of the front part. The front and middle sections are separated by an intermediate piece with red oak . From the side facing away from the Elbe, you can enter the intermediate piece through the farm building in the form of a gatehouse. On April 22, 1999 the sculpture was erected ani-mal by Steffen Bachmann on the Elbe side of the intermediate piece. A competition was held for this location, the basic idea of ​​which was to reoccupy the base of the bull sculpture created by Ernst Moritz Geyger , which no longer exists . There is currently no definite indication of the whereabouts of this sculpture. It is very likely that this bronze was added to the precious metal donations for the German Reich that took place in 1942 or later.

Middle piece

Bronze sculpture recovery
Middle section - on the right the pavilion
The Fairy
Ground cover rose Bonica 82 - planted in the central part of the rose garden

At the beginning of the middle piece is the bronze sculpture Convalescence by Felix Pfeifer . In the middle section, the visitor's gaze is drawn through star magnolia , purple apple and lilac in spring and three Parrotia persica in autumn (with a different but simultaneous autumn color). In the middle section, roses were planted again according to a historically verifiable color gradient, representing an important part of the rose varieties bred in the GDR . The gradient from white to orange to pink, dark red, red and yellow can be seen most clearly in the more than 70 rose beds along the central axis. Further beds are prepared for planting on the left and right of this axis. The standard rose quarter on the Elbe and street side, which also still needs to be planted with GDR rose varieties, is bordered by the Bonica 82 ground cover rose . The following types of roses are represented in the middle section: The Fairy with pink flowers and shrub roses with yellow flowers Rosa hugonis , 'Schloß Dryburg' and 'Wartburg'. At the end of the middle section there is a pavilion and two circular seats made of red Weser sandstone, each with a small bronze bear. In 2000, the Green Space Office succeeded in restoring both round seats with financial support from the Stadtsparkasse Dresden . The two small bear sculptures by Rudolf Löhner , which were set up in the Dresden Zoo at the former music pavilion until 1999 , then returned to their original place of installation, on the little walls of these two roundels.

An important, the longitudinal alignment of the Rose Garden effectively interrupting transverse axis is the reconstructed in 2002, with color-coordinated high delphiniums been planted delphinium garden. Karl Foerster's breeds were used when selecting the individual varieties from the large delphinium range . These are considered to be stable in growth and color, extremely resistant to mildew and are known above all for the “fascination and clarity of their blue” ( Hermann Göritz ).

Sunken garden

A large flight of stairs leads to the third part of the facility, the sunken garden. Color-coordinated rose varieties are planted extensively in this significantly lowered area. In their entirety, they stylize a rosebud. As here, the rose is also subordinate to the design in the other parts of the rose garden and is a means to an end. Furthermore, two Viburnum rhytidophyllum groups are planted in the sink garden . The coastal Douglas firs planted on the corner points of the garden point to the park located here, visible from afar.

The sunken garden is structurally cautious and, in keeping with the garden concept, closed off by the building that is now the Kaffee Rosengarten . It was badly damaged during the flood in August 2002 . The changes made during the reconstruction run completely against the original classification of the building in Heinrich Balke's design concept. A fountain with a fountain bowl is set up in front of the building.

Sculptures

Plastic by Otto Rost

At the southeast corner of the rose garden at Kaffee Rosengarten, the sandstone sculpture Große Kniende by Otto Rost marks an end point of the garden. Today it stands on a pedestal on which the bronze sculpture Girl with Gazelle by Georg Wrba stood in its original state until it was lost in the last years of the "Third Reich". The sculpture was originally on a location in front of the garden front of the rose garden café on the current place of the fountain bowl.

literature

Web links

Commons : Rosengarten  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Reichsgartenschau Dresden 1936 (Hrsg.): Reichsgartenschau Dresden 1936. 1. Reichsausstellung des Deutschen Horticulture. Official exhibition guide . red. Responsibility: Herbert Roth, 2nd edition, Dresden (Verlag Reichsgartenschau) [1936], p. 66, overview plan
  2. ^ Dresdner Jahresschau 1937. Garden and Home (Ed.): Dresdner Jahresschau 1937. Garden and Home. Official exhibition guide . red. Responsibility: Herbert Roth, Dresden (Verlag Dresdner Jahresschau 1937) 1937 pp. 36–37. Overall plan

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 35 ″  N , 13 ° 45 ′ 22 ″  E