High delphinium

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
High delphinium
High delphinium near the Schynigen Platte in Switzerland

High delphinium near the Schynigen Platte in Switzerland

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Delphinieae
Genre : Larkspur ( Delphinium )
Type : High delphinium
Scientific name
Delphinium elatum
L.

The high larkspur ( Delphinium elatum ) is a species of the genus of the larkspur ( Delphinium ) in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).

features

The high delphinium is a perennial plant that reaches heights of 80 to 200 centimeters. It is a rhizome and pleiocorm plant. The stem is erect, simple and absent-mindedly hairy. The leaves are stem-like, long-stalked, palmate and three- to seven-part up to the middle, the sections are cut-sawn. The flowers are blue to purple in color and arranged in a cluster. This is large, more or less dense, terminal and has split to lanceolate bracts. Of the 5 petals, the lower 4 are egg-shaped, the top has a long and often wrinkled spur. The 4 nectar leaves are free, dark brown in color and hairy white on the inside, the two upper leaves are spurred. The prophylls sit on the flower stalk just below the flower and overlap it. The bracts are obsolete. The 3 (to 5) carpels are bare. Usually 3 follicles are formed per flower. These are bare and up to 15 millimeters long. The surface of the seeds is more or less smooth.

Flowering time is from June to August.

The chromosome number is 2n = 32.

Occurrence

Tall delphinium ( delphinium elatum )
High delphinium in the Tatras

The high delphinium occurs in several subspecies from warm temperate to cool Europe in the French Alps via the Eastern Alps , the Carpathians and the Balkans to Asia in light forests, moist debris fields, subalpine tall herbaceous meadows, green alder bushes and brook edges at altitudes of up to 2000 meters. The species can be found on silicate and lime. It thrives in Adenostylion societies.

Subspecies

The tall delphinium occurs in Europe in at least four subspecies:

  • Delphinium elatum subsp. austriacum Pawl. , occurs only in the Eastern Alps in Austria
  • Delphinium elatum subsp. cryophilum (Nevski) Jurtzev , occurs only on the island of Kolguyev in the Russian Arctic
  • Delphinium elatum subsp. elatum , occurs in the Central and Southeastern European mountains and in northern Russia and Asia
  • Delphinium elatum subsp. helveticum Pawl. , occurs only in the western Alps in France, Italy and Switzerland

use

The tall delphinium is widely used as an ornamental plant in perennial beds. The species has been in culture since 1578 at the latest. It is also the most important parent of the garden larkspur , which are hybrids with the participation of Delphinium elatum that are cultivated in gardens. The garden knight 's spur ( Consolida ajacis ), which is not closely related to these Delphinium hybrids , is also referred to as the “ garden knight spur ” .

Common names

The other German-language trivial names Bergrittersporn ( Hessen ) and Hochmut exist or existed for the Hohen Larkspur .

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. (Steinbach's nature guide). Mosaik Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10558-1 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .

swell

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  398-399 .
  2. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 8: Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae. Helsinki 1989, ISBN 951-9108-07-6 , pp. 58-59.
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 132. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : High Larkspur  album with pictures, videos and audio files