Garden barnacle spur

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Garden barnacle spur
Consolida ajacis habito.jpg

Garden barnacle spur ( Consolida ajacis )

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Delphinieae
Genre : Field Knight Spurs ( Consolida )
Type : Garden barnacle spur
Scientific name
Consolida ajacis
( L. ) Schur

The garden barnacle spur ( Consolida ajacis ), also called garden barnacle spur and hyacinth-flowered summer barbarian spur , is a species of the field knight spurs ( Consolida ) in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It is originally native to warm to temperate Europe and Africa, and some varieties are used as an ornamental plant.

description

Detail of a zygomorphic flower; The spur is clearly visible.
Habit, zygomorphic flowers and follicles.
Follicle fruit and seeds

Vegetative characteristics

The garden knight spur, like all field knight spurs, is annual and reaches heights of 30 to 100 cm. The stems are hairy bald to sparsely downy. There are 2 to 20 or more alternate leaves . The lower leaves are stalked and the top ones sit. With a diameter of 1 to 5 cm, the leaf blade is circular in outline and hairy bald to downy; it is pinnate and has 12 to 60 or more leaf sections. The leaf sections are at most 1.5 mm wide.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. The racemose inflorescences are simple or have at most three branches and usually contain 6 to 30, rarely up to 75 flowers. At least the lowest two bracts have five or more leaf sections. The more or less downy hairy bracts are 1 to 5 mm long and more or less linear and do not reach the base of the flower and are usually 4 to 20 mm away from it. The rising or spreading, usually 1 to 3, rarely up to 5 cm long peduncle is more or less hairy.

The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic . Of the five outer bracts , the lower ones are 8 to 18 mm long and 4 to 8 mm wide and the lateral ones are 8 to 18 mm long and 6 to 14 mm wide. Of the inner bracts, the lateral ones are 3 to 6 mm long and the upper 5 to 8 mm long and 2 to 4 mm wide. The color of the almost bare bracts is blue, blue-violet to purple, with the varieties also light blue, white, pink or red. In some varieties, the flowers are double. The spur has a length of 12 to 20 mm. There are many stamens present. The stylus is 2 to 2.5 mm long.

The downy, hairy follicles are 12 to 25 mm long and, in contrast to the common barbarian spur, hairy. The seeds are black.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Occurrence

Consolida ajacis is native to warm to warm temperate Europe and Africa. It has now spread to North America, Asia and Australia. The garden delphinium has become feral in Germany.

Consolida ajacis grows on rubble, on roadsides, and more rarely in fields up to altitudes of up to 2000 meters.

use

The garden barnacle spur has been in cultivation since at least the end of the 18th century and is still occasionally used as an ornamental plant for summer flower beds and as a cut flower . This should not be confused with garden larkspurs that were bred from hybrids with the participation of the tall delphinium ( Delphinium elatum ). The garden barbarian spur is poisonous because of its content of various alkaloids (especially the ajaconin named after it ). It has also been used in folk medicine , for example by the North American Cherokee as an infusion to treat heart problems.

supporting documents

  • Michael J. Warnock: Consolida . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 3, New York and Oxford 1997: Consolida ajacis - online. (Section Description and Distribution)
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler - excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , p. 133 .
  • Garden barnacle spur. In: FloraWeb.de.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Marion Jentzsch & Jürgen Thal: Production of outdoor cut flowers - summer flowers, perennials and woody plants , Eugen Ulmer, 2007. ISBN 3-8001-4679-7 : Consolida ajacis - Hyacinth-flowered summer barn spur on page 95.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Michael J. Warnock: Consolida . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 3, New York and Oxford 1997: Consolida ajacis - online.
  3. ↑ Armin Jagel: Plant portrait Consolida regalis - field delphinium (Ranunculaceae) and other larkspurs, poisonous plants of the year 2015, Bochumer Botanischer Verein, 2015. PDF 1.2 MB
  4. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 8 (Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae). Page 70, Helsinki 1989. ISBN 951-9108-07-6
  5. ↑ W.Blaschek, R. Hansel, K. Keller J. Reichling, H. Rimpler & G. Schneider (ed.): Hager's Manual of pharmacy practice: Drug A-K , Berlin-Heidelberg 1997, pp 417-418 .

Web links

Commons : Garden Larkspur  - Collection of images, videos and audio files