Diakonissenanstalt Dresden

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Diakonissenanstalt Dresden
logo
place Dresden -
Outer New Town
state Saxony
Country Germany
Coordinates 51 ° 3 '48 "  N , 13 ° 45' 42"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '48 "  N , 13 ° 45' 42"  E
Administrative Director Matthias Schröter
Care level Standard supply
beds 230
Employee 440
founding 1844
Website www.diako-dresden.de
Template: Infobox_Hospital / carrier_ missing
Template: Infobox_Hospital / Doctors_missing

The Diakonissenanstalt Dresden (Ev.-Luth. Diakonissenanstalt Dresden eV) is a deaconess house in the Äußere Neustadt in Dresden between Bautzner Strasse and Holzhofgasse. It is one of the oldest deaconess institutions in Germany and in 1965 became the 36th member of the Cross of Nails Community of Coventry .

history

From the foundation to 1933

The first deaconess house on Bohemian Alley.

The Diakonissenanstalt was founded by the four aristocratic women von Brause , Baroness von Wirsing , Frau von Leipziger and Countess Louise Charlotte Hohenthal-Königsbrück . Advice was obtained from, among others, Theodor Fliedner , pastor of the Kaiserswerther Diakonie , after whose model the Dresden Diakonissenanstalt was finally built on Böhmische Gasse 13 (today No. 30) in Antonstadt . Fliedner inaugurated the new building on May 19, 1844 and released two sisters of his Diakonie for the Dresden institution. The first building of the Dresden Diakonissenanstalt was a single-storey house with space for six sick beds. The first consecration of sisters took place in 1855.

At that time the socially weakest strata of the population lived in Dresden's Neustadt. Since there was no hospital on the Neustadt side, the Diakonissenanstalt soon became the central point of contact for the sick. The first building of the Diakonie had already become too small in 1846, so that the Diakonissenanstalt acquired the built-up Schenk property at its current location. On October 3, 1846, the institution moved into the new rooms.

The reputation of the Diakonissenanstalt as a charitable institution even found its way into Dresden's travel guides until 1856. Friedrich Gottschalck summarized the work of the Diakonissenanstalt in his city guide Dresden, its surroundings and Saxon Switzerland :

“The Protestant Diakonissenanstalt, Bautzner Straße 38 u. 39. It was built in 1844, is under the direction of three respectable women, and pursues the same purposes as those of the Order of the Sisters of Mercy in Catholic countries : to care for the sick of both sexes, regardless of religious denomination, for low remuneration or free of charge, to take over such catering on request in private houses. The management of care and medical treatment are provided by three doctors for free. It is recommended for use by strangers who are ill. "

- Friedrich Gottschalck: Dresden, its surroundings and Saxon Switzerland , 1856
The Diakonissenanstalt on Bautzner Strasse in 1863.

In 1856, Pastor Heinrich Fröhlich became the head and first rector of the facility. His wife Hedwig, who had previously worked in the Kaiserswerth Diakonie, became the superior of the sisterhood. In the same year construction began on the asylum church in the tower house, which was consecrated a year later.

The first subsidiary establishments were opened from 1863, also due to a lack of expansion options on the parent company's premises. The first subsidiary was the Bethesda Deaconess Institute in Niederlößnitz in 1863 , the first infirmary in Saxony. Both mentally and physically handicapped people, but also the elderly and epileptics were accommodated here. In 1864, in the immediate vicinity of the infirmary, the Magdalene asylum “Talitha kumi” was built as a “reformatory for morally endangered young women”. The Magdalenenasyl was later renamed after Pastor Fröhlich's wife "Hedwig-Fröhlich-Haus". In 1937 the house had to be abandoned. In 1865, also in Niederlößnitz, the Luisenstift was taken over and rebuilt from 1868 to 1870. There were also rest houses in Graal-Müritz , Bärenfels and Bad Oppelsdorf . The latter fell victim to bombs at the end of World War II . In addition, the “ Marienschule ” was established in Radebeul in 1892 and was officially recognized in 1926 as a technical college for domestic workers and nurses . A nurses convalescent home was inaugurated with the Salem house in Niederlößnitz in 1920. In 1897 the Diakonissenanstalt opened a branch in Zwickau . The partner motherhouse of the Dresden Diakonissenanstalt has been the Diakonissenanstalt Neuendettelsau near Nuremberg since it was founded in 1854 .

During the First World War the deaconesses worked in hospitals or took up their service in India and Tanzania. In 1927 there were 761 deaconesses working in the Dresden Diakonissenanstalt, who were supported in their work by 198 female candidates. By 1934 the number of sisters rose to a total of 1,031. In 1928 the Diakonissenanstalt acquired land opposite the hospital, which had been newly built until 1893. The institution's state-recognized nursing school, founded in 1927, moved into the domed villa, which was destroyed in 1945. The institution acquired the “ swan house ” on the same property in 1928 and used it as a retirement home for elderly sisters.

The deaconess institution from 1933 to 1945

Detailed testimonials about the Diakonissenanstalt during the time of National Socialism were lost when the institution was destroyed in 1945 or were subsequently destroyed. From the few surviving writings it becomes clear that the belief of the prison management that they could continue their work after 1933 was soon destroyed. Although the Dresden Diakonissenanstalt did not interfere in the church struggle, "[it] was internally ... on the side of the Confessing Church ." The "Brown Sisters" of the NS Sisterhood replaced the deaconesses and training in nursing schools in most of the city hospitals After 1933, had to follow the guidelines of the state institutions. Facilities such as the Magdalenenasyl were confiscated and had to be abandoned. The Luisenstift in Radebeul was forcibly sold to the state. Other facilities such as "Bethesda" or the Marienschule in Radebeul were converted into hospitals in 1937. Some of the disabled people housed in "Bethesda" fell victim to the National Socialists' euthanasia program . Few, especially younger, residents of the homes survived the Nazi era through the work of the deaconesses. The deaconesses “fled with them to remote places and small houses - to 'Haus Böhme' in Dresden- Loschwitz , a remote recreation house of the deaconess institution, and to the small facilities of the Inner Mission in Kemnitz near Löbau and Oppach in Upper Lusatia . In this way, some people with disabilities could be saved from death. ”Like“ Bethesda ”and the Marienschule, the deaconess hospital also served as a military hospital from 1939, but, unlike other institutions, remained in the possession of the deaconess institution. However, the employees were subject to the Wehrmacht .

From 1945 to the present

Main entrance to the deaconess hospital

During the air raids on Dresden in February 1945, over 75% of all buildings in the Diakonissenanstalt were destroyed, but people were not harmed. The "Schwanenhaus" burned down completely shortly after the end of the war due to arson . As early as 1945, operations were resumed in the few remaining buildings. 60% of the hospital had been destroyed and at that time it had 45 beds. The church also suffered severe damage. Initially, only security work and the removal of rubble were carried out; the rebuilding of the prison was assessed as "not cheap, if not dangerous". In the years that followed, the Diakonissenanstalt, with its endeavor to become a Protestant order, became increasingly isolated from the Protestant regional church . Only under the rector Hans Kircheis , who was newly introduced in 1958 , did the Diakonissenanstalt reopen, the concept of the order was lifted with regard to the main task of the diaconal work of the sisters. As a result of the opening towards the regional church and the public, the reconstruction of the Diakonissenanstalt took place. The first project from 1961 was the reconstruction of the church, which was completed in 1962. This was followed by the reconstruction of the hospital in several stages (1965–1967, 1974–1980, 1991, 1998).

Cross of nails

Of particular importance was the participation of a group of volunteers from Coventry who, during a stay of several months in 1965, helped rebuild part of the hospital. The Coventry Dresden Project was organized by the Provost of Coventry Williams at the suggestion of Richard Crossman with the help of Aktion Sühnezeichen and the deaconess community. This is reminiscent of the Cross of Nails from Coventry in the Diakonissenhauskirche, which Provost Williams presented on September 9, 1965.

In the 1980s, the number of deaconesses decreased so much that it was no longer possible to continue the service in the parish wards (deaconesses were also employed outside the hospital in parish care) as had been done before. Gradually, therefore, the parish stations had to be given up. After the political change in 1989/90 , renovation measures were carried out on the church and modernization measures in the hospital. On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Diakonissenanstalt, a new logo was created in 1994, which since then can be found on the institution's buildings under the motto Care - Our Life . At the end of the 1990s, the Diakonissenanstalt planned to expand its age-appropriate living space as part of the care of the elderly. A plot of land acquired for the construction of new apartments brought the institution into financial difficulties and as a result shortly before bankruptcy . As a result, the association "Diakonissenschwesternschaft Dresden e. V. “, which made the deaconess sisterhood legally independent. Until then, their assets had been part of the institution. The impending bankruptcy could be averted by 2000. The Elbe flood in 2002 flooded around 50% of the premises of the institution. The subsequent renovation work lasted until 2004. The parent company is now divided into:

  • Deaconess Sisterhood: The deaconesses put their lives in the service of God and remain unmarried. They wear the traditional sister costume, i.e. a blue dress with a white hood or a blue costume.
  • Diaconal Sisters and Brotherhood: It sees itself as a service group. Since 1982 the Diakonische Sisterhood has been called “Diakonische Schwestern- und Brotherhood”, because at that time two nurses were accepted as brothers.
  • Evangelical staff group: It emerged from the staff of the Diakonissenanstalt.

Each group has different forms of life and service and a different legal position within the Diakonissenanstalt.

building

hospital

Entrance to the emergency room and view of the Diakonissenanstalt hospital

On October 6, 1890, construction began on a new hospital building, which was opened on October 13, 1893. At that time the hospital had 200 beds. In the course of further renovations, nurses' apartments and an isolation house for patients with infectious diseases were built. In 1912, the so-called “garden house” was an extension for a medical and surgical department, departments for eye, ENT and gynecological diseases and an X-ray department.

During the air raids on Dresden in 1945, 60% of the deaconess hospital was destroyed, the hospital only had 45 beds. Due to the hesitant attitude and the efforts to isolate the prison management, it was not rebuilt until the 1960s. In September 1965, the Diakonissenanstalt became the 36th member of the Coventry Cross of Nails Fellowship. At this point in time, the reconstruction of the first section of the destroyed hospital, which had 152 beds, had just begun. The Diakonissenanstalt doing voluntary Christians was strongly supported Coventry Cathedral Protestant communities and members of the GDR, which in the context of the Action Reconciliation involved in reconstruction. The foundation stone for the hospital building was laid on September 30, 1965, and the new building was inaugurated on September 3, 1967, providing space for 48 additional hospital beds. The Coventry Cross of Nails as a symbol of reconciliation is now in the church of the Deaconess Institute.

The reconstruction of the second ruin of the hospital was financed from 1974, among other things by the sale of the institution's own hospital in Radebeul, and ended in 1980. The house now had 230 hospital beds. The “garden house”, the last part of the hospital to be destroyed, was inaugurated in 1991 and offered space for 35 beds. A final extension with functional and operating rooms as well as two nursing wards was completed in 1998. Today the deaconess hospital has the status of a regular hospital. It has a medical, surgical, and gynecological-obstetric clinic and is also involved in addiction treatment. Since 1983, the internal medicine department has had up to eight beds reserved for alcohol-dependent patients. In cooperation with the Moritzburg Diakonenhaus , the Heidehof evangelical specialist clinic in Weinböhla was established in the 1990s , which treats addicts as a modern clinic and opened in 1998. The main responsibility for the operation is borne by the Moritzburg Deacon House.

Deaconess house church

Diakonissenhauskirche of the Diakonissenanstalt Dresden

The first deaconess house church was built from 1856 to 1857. The construction was largely sponsored by Count Einsiedel . The church was not a stand-alone building, but used a room in the tower house, which is now located next to the central kitchen and the dining room. From 1928 to 1929 a new institution church was built by Lossow & Kühne . The glass reliefs of the “last little flower of Art Nouveau” were created by Oskar Fritz Beier . During the Second World War, the Diakonissenhauskirche and large parts of the Diakonissenanstalt were destroyed. After a long stagnation, the institution began to rebuild the destroyed buildings in the 1960s. The first building that was rebuilt in this way was the burnt-out deaconess house church. In 1961, Oswin Hempel began with the building, which was consecrated on September 30, 1962. The apse image of the church, The Holy Meal , comes from Paul Sinkwitz . The organ dates from 1973, was built by Alexander Schuke Potsdam Orgelbau and has 32  registers , divided into two manuals and a pedal . Today the church also serves as a place for concerts, a tradition that was largely initiated by Friedrich Kircheis , who was organist and cantor of the Diakonissenhauskirche from 1971 to 2005.

Peal

The ringing consists of two chill cast steel bells. The bell cage consists of a steel construction. The following is a data overview of the bell:

No. Casting date Caster diameter Dimensions Chime
1 1963 Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann 982 mm 650 kg fis'
2 1963 Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann 825 mm 370 kg ais'

kindergarten

In 1868 the Diakonissenanstalt opened its first Christian children's school. The educator and deaconess Minna Reichelt took over the management of the facility . In 1939, after numerous relocations, Holzhofgasse 4 was chosen as the address of the kindergarten, which is still used today. The children were initially housed in a barrack. Work in the kindergarten was banned in 1940 and taken over by the National Socialist People's Welfare in 1941 . Immediately after the end of the war, the Diakonissenanstalt resumed the kindergarten. The new main building of the day care center was built in 1953 from prefabricated parts. In 1973 the kindergarten also received a special day care center for children with disabilities. In 1998, the renovation of the kindergarten took place, which today as an integration kindergarten shares the property with a workshop for the disabled. In addition, in 1998 a building was built for the early intervention of disabled children.

Elderly care

Swan house

The swan house is an elongated classicist building with swan decorations on the central gable on the Holzhofgasse 8/10 property . Woldemar Hermann built it in 1826/1827 as an originally two-storey building on behalf of the professor of French Frédéric de Villers in the former Cosel Gardens .

Facade detail of the swan house

The Schwanenhaus served as a tenement house for eight families. The Diakonissenanstalt acquired it in 1928 and used it as an old people's home for deaconesses. In 1945 it burned down like numerous other buildings of the institution. At the beginning of the 1980s, a demolition of the dilapidated building was still being discussed. It was finally decided to rebuild the ruins, which was carried out from 1986 to 1990 in the historical style. Today the "Altenzentrum" is located in the Schwanenhaus. At the same time, a new building was built on the site, which now houses the nursing home of the institution. A workshop for the disabled was built in the basement and moved to a new building designed by the architects Hillebrand and von Below in Weißig in 1996 .

Woldemar Hermann also built the “domed villa” or the “Wasserpalais auf Cosel” for de Villers. It was destroyed in World War II and not rebuilt. The Diakonissenanstalt had used the villa as a nursing school from 1927. In 1927, the nursing school of the institution was recognized by the state, that is, nurses passed state exams and received official degrees. Ten sisters took part in the first course. Nursing training now takes an average of three years. While the training was tied to a state technical school during the GDR era, it has been independent again since 1990.

Parament workshop

Founded in 1866, the parament workshop goes back to the initiative of Matron Julie Vitztum von Eckstädt , who took part in a parament day of the Lower Saxony Parament Association founded in 1862 in St. Marienberg Monastery in 1866 . On November 16, 1866, the Parament Association was founded in the Dresden parent company. At the beginning, sisters embroidered altar hangings here based on designs by the painter Eugen Beck . After increasing demand and orders from parishes, the association became "parament embroidery". The Dresden sisters were represented with their paraments at arts and crafts and building trade shows in 1893, 1906 and 1913. In 1927, motifs and materials changed under the influence of the type artist Rudolf Koch . Instead of silk and gold embroidery on cloth and damask , hand-woven materials were now dyed, and desk and pulpit hangings were created. Paul Sinkwitz gave new impulses in the 1960s, who also created several paintings for the Diakonissenanstalt during this time.

Wafer bakery

Wafer bakery

The Diakonissenanstalt owns the only wafer bakery in Saxony. Hosts for evangelical worship have been baked here since 1866 . In 1945 the wafer bakery was one of the few buildings that was hardly damaged and resumed its service in 1945.

Today the bakery produces around 1.25 million hosts a year. In addition to the usual hosts for the Lord's Supper , the bakery also produces larger display or celebration hosts for the pastors. Individual hosts either bear the Christ monogram , a crucifix or an Easter lamb . Newer bread hosts are unminted. An average of five employees are employed in the host bakery. The wafer bakery not only makes the wafers for the services of the Diakonissenhauskirche, but also supplies numerous Protestant parishes in Saxony. Until 1939 even Protestant congregations in Canada and South Africa received hosts from the bakery of the Diakonissenhausanstalt.

Butterfly house

Since the deaconesses had lived in inadequate rooms on the premises of the Diakonissenanstalt since 1945, the butterfly house on Diakonissenweg was built as a shared nurses' house and inaugurated in 1997.

Deaconess powder

Samuel David Roller, the "inventor" of the deaconess powder

The home remedy "deaconess powder", which was used until around 1900, goes back indirectly to the deaconess institution in Dresden. A traveler named the Lausa pastor Samuel David Roller an effective remedy for his brother's epileptic seizures : The magpie would banish evil. You have to kill it, “then it is charred in the oven and crushed to powder. Every morning you have to take a small tip of the knife dry or in water of the powder soberly, live without change, don't dance and don't drink too much: you will soon miss the disease Word got around first in the village and later as far as Konigsberg and Vienna. He was even sent magpies from Thuringia, the Harz and Silesia, whereupon, according to Christian Ludwig Brehm's observations, even the magpies in these areas were on the verge of extinction. After Roller's death in 1850, the Diakonissenanstalt zu Dresden received the exact formulation of the remedy and sold it first as "healing Roller's powder to be taken with believing prayers to God" and later until the turn of the century as "deaconess powder". It should be effective against “epilepsy, St. Vitus's dance , rigid, laughing, crying and hysterical cramps, as well as against stomach and chest cramps”. Hans Magnus Enzensberger mentions the myth of the deaconess powder in 1967 in the poem Several Magpies .

Significant employees

Own periodicals

  • Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution: Annual report on the Deaconess Institution in Dresden . Dresden 1844-1853.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution (Hrsg.): Report of the Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution in Dresden for the year… . Rammingsche Buchdruckerei, Dresden 1853–1885.
  • Association for the Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution: Report of the association for the Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution in Dresden . Rammingsche Buchdruckerei, Dresden 1886–1913.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution: HausBote. News from the Ev.-Luth. Diakonissenanstalt and its affiliated companies . Ev.-Luth. Diakonissenanstalt, Dresden 2004 – today.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution: Report on the hospital of the Deaconess Institution in Dresden . Rammingsche Buchdruckerei, Dresden 1868–1892.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution: Report on the hospital of the Deaconess Institution in Dresden for the year… . Rammingsche Buchdruckerei, Dresden 1893–1913.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Diakonissenanstalt: Bible reading table for the Deaconess House in Dresden for the year ... Verlag der Diakonissenanstalt, Dresden 1924.
  • Small chronicle of the deaconess mother house in Dresden .
  • Evangelical Lutheran Diakonissen-Anstalt: Small Chronicle of Ev.-Luth. Deaconess institution in Dresden . Dresden 1887–1841.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution: News from the Dresden Deaconess House . Dresden 1868–1874.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution: Brief news about the Deaconess Institution in Dresden . Dresden 1886–1912.

literature

  • Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution: The Deaconess Institution in Dresden and its statutes . Dresden 1844.
  • The celebration of the laying of the foundation stone of the new chapel to be built for the Evangelical Lutheran Diakonissenanstalt in Dresden on July 21, 1856 . Ramming, Dresden 1856.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Institution: The Dresden evang.-luth. Deaconess institution in front of the forum of the constitutional newspaper and the Second Chamber . Dresden 1861.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Diakonissen-Anstalt: The evang.-luth. Deaconess institution in Dresden 1844–1869 . Dresden 1869.
  • Gustav Molwitz: Church Councilor P. Joh. Karl Heinrich Fröhlich. Rector of the ev.-luth. Deaconess institution in Dresden. A picture of life . Rammingsche Buchdr., Dresden 1882.
  • Gustav Molwitz: Anniversary report of the Evangelical Lutheran Diakonissenanstalt in Dresden, 1844-1894 . Self-published by the Diakonissenanstalt, Dresden 1894.
  • Alma Wöhlermann: The Evangelical Lutheran Diakonissenanstalt in Dresden 1844-1919 . Sites and Works of the Inner Mission in the Kingdom of Saxony, Volume 8, 1919.
  • Albrecht Ranft: The Evangelical Lutheran Diakonissenanstalt in Dresden . Hieronymus, Dresden 1927.
  • Wider: Our deaconess house . Ev.-Luth-Diakonissenanstalt, Dresden 1991.
  • Manfred Lauffer (editor). 150 years of Ev.-Luth. Diakonissenanstalt Dresden eV: Commemorative publication for the anniversary 1844–1994 . Dresden, 1994.
  • Stadtlexikon Dresden A-Z . Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1995, ISBN 3-364-00300-9 .
  • Werner Fink, Esther Selle: Living with care. A foray through the history of the Dresden deaconess institution 1844–2004 . Deaconess Sisterhood Dresden, Dresden 2004.
  • Kerstin Schäfer: Nursing training in denominational institutions between 1950 and 1980 in the GDR with special consideration of training in the Dresden deaconess institution . TU Dresden, Dresden 2008.
  • Peggy Renger-Berka: Female diakonia in the Kingdom of Saxony. The Dresden Deaconess House 1844–1881 . Leipzig 2014.
  • Annett Büttner: Diakonissenanstalt Dresden 1844-2014. Living affection - doing service - shaping cooperation . Essen 2014:
  • Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony. Sound between heaven and earth. Edited by the Evangelical Regional Church Office of Saxony . With a foreword by Jochen Bohl and photographs by Klaus-Peter Meißner. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2011, ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 , p. 288.

Web links

Commons : Diakonissenanstalt Dresden  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Our Deaconess House , p. 1.
  2. ↑ 150 Years , p. 53.
  3. ↑ A foray through history , p. 3.
  4. ^ Friedrich Gottschalck: Dresden, its surroundings and Saxon Switzerland. A paperback for travelers . 5th edition, 2nd impression. HM Gottschalck, Dresden 1856 p. 151.
  5. ↑ 150 Years , p. 43.
  6. ^ Frank Andert (editor); Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Radebeul city dictionary. Historical manual for the Loessnitz . 2nd, slightly changed edition. Stadtarchiv, Radebeul 2006, pp. 128–129.
  7. ↑ A foray , p. 5.
  8. ↑ A foray , p. 4.
  9. ↑ A foray , p. 7.
  10. ↑ a b c A foray , p. 9.
  11. ↑ a b A foray , p. 10.
  12. ↑ A foray , p. 13.
  13. ↑ One of the reasons was the idea that the strength of the Diakonissenanstalt does not come from its buildings, but from its deaconesses. The extent to which diaconal work was still possible after the war, however, could not be assessed immediately after the period of oppression or rather negative prerequisites for it were seen as given. A foray , p. 14.
  14. ↑ On the political background, see Merrilyn Thomas: Communing with the enemy: covert operations, Christianity and Cold War politics in Britain and the GDR. Frankfurt etc .: Peter Lang 2005 ISBN 978-3-03910-192-4 and Oliver Schuegraf: Forgive one another as God has forgiven you: Coventry and the worldwide community of the Cross of Nails. Frankfurt, M: Lembeck 2008 ISBN 978-3-87476-564-0 , pp. 45-51
  15. ↑ p. 23 in Rector i. R. Werner Fink, S. Esther Selle: Living affection: A foray through the history of the Diakonissenanstalt Dresden 1844-2004 . Ed .: Diakonissenschwesternschaft Dresden eV May 2007.
  16. ↑ A foray , p. 25.
  17. ↑ A foray , p. 28.
  18. ^ A foray , p. 29.
  19. ↑ A foray , p. 23.
  20. ↑ A foray , p. 17.
  21. ↑ Our deaconess house , p. 21.
  22. ↑ a b A foray , p. 18.
  23. ↑ a b 150 years , p. 23.
  24. ^ The organ of the Diakonissenhauskirche on die-orgelseite.de, accessed on March 29, 2017
  25. ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 288
  26. ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 288
  27. ↑ 150 years , p. 65.
  28. ↑ A foray , p. 30.
  29. ↑ 150 years , p. 35ff.
  30. ↑ 150 years, p. 50.
  31. ↑ 150 years , p. 69.
  32. ↑ Our deaconess house , p. 17.
  33. ↑ 150 Years , p. 71.
  34. ↑ a b 150 years , p. 72.
  35. ↑ Secret agent mischief and fraud . In: Rudolf Kleinpaul: The life of language and its world position . Volume 3 ( The Riddles of Language ). Wilhelm Friedrich, Leipzig 1893, p. 470.
  36. ↑ a b c Kleinpaul, p. 471.
  37. ↑ Hans Magnus Enzensberger: Braille . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1967, p. 84, verse 10.
  38. ↑ G. Seifert: Commemorative speech to Hofrath Friedrich Moritz Heymann Dr. med. Annual report of the Society for Nature and Medicine in Dresden . Ch. G. Ernst am Ende, Dresden 1871, pp. 85-103.
  39. ↑ Hannelore Braun, Gertraud Grünzinger (Ed.): Personal Lexicon on German Protestantism 1919–1949 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2006, p. 57.