Bogatynia

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Bogatynia
Bogatynia coat of arms
Bogatynia (Poland)
Bogatynia
Bogatynia
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Zgorzelec
Area : 59.92  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 54 '  N , 14 ° 57'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 54 '0 "  N , 14 ° 57' 0"  E
Height : 250 m npm
Residents : 17,436
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 59-916 to 59-920
Telephone code : (+48) 75
License plate : DZG
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Mikułowa – Bogatynia, end of PV 04/2000
Next international airport : Dresden
Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Surface: 136.00 km²
Residents: 23,083
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 170 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0225033
Administration (as of 2018)
Mayor : Wojciech Błasiak
Address: ul. Daszyńskiego 1
59-920 Bogatynia
Website : www.bogatynia.pl



Marienkirche

Bogatynia [ bɔgaˈtɨɲa ] ( German formerly Reichenau in Saxony ) is a city in the border triangle Germany - Poland - Czech Republic , in the extreme southwest of Poland. The city is located on the Erlichtbach in the powiat Zgorzelecki , which belongs to the Lower Silesian Voivodeship . The most important branches of business are lignite mining and coal- fired power generation in the Turów power plant . There is a border crossing between Zittau and the Sieniawka district (German Kleinschönau ). The city belongs to the Euroregion Neisse .

Geographical location

Reichenau south of Görlitz on a map from 1905
Turów open-cast lignite mine west of Bogatynia

The village is located in Upper Lusatia on the Lusatian Neisse , about 27 kilometers south of Görlitz . In the west, the city borders on Germany (Free State of Saxony ), in the south and east on the Czech Republic ( Liberecký kraj ).

history

In 1262 the place was first mentioned as Richinowe in a document from the Cistercian monastery of St. Marienthal near Ostritz .

In 1635, like all of Upper Lusatia, it came under the rule of the Saxon Elector . Local lords at that time were the Marienthal monastery and the city of Zittau.

From the middle of the 19th century until 1939 Reichenau belonged to the Saxon administration of Zittau . Reichenau was the administrative center for the surrounding communities, developed into an industrial town and center of the Upper Lusatian lignite mining , but only had the status of a market town .

In 1856 Reichenau received a royal Saxon court office. From 1863 to 1868 the current Catholic parish church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built in neo-Gothic style.

1884 was Schmalspurbahn of Zittau about Reichenau to Markersdorf (Markocice) dedicated to the 1900 to after Hermsdorf (heřmanice) in Bohemia was extended, whereby a connection to the web by Friedland (frýdlant) was prepared. This rail connection was interrupted at the state borders in 1945 and completely discontinued in 1961.

In 1904, the previously independent communities "Reichenau-Klösterlicher Teil" and "Reichenau-Zittauer Teil" were combined to form the community of Reichenau in Saxony .

Until 1945 Reichenau belonged to the district of Zittau in the administrative district of Dresden-Bautzen of the state of Saxony of the German Empire .

In the last days of the Second World War , Soviet planes attacked Reichenau on April 22, 1945. The bombardment left several dead and injured, and the station and narrow-gauge railway were also hit. In May 1945 the city was occupied by the Red Army and initially incorporated into the Soviet zone of occupation , before being placed under Polish administration in the summer of 1945 . Subsequently, the German residents were expelled from Reichenau by the local Polish administrative authority . Some of the newly settled residents came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . The village, which was now called Rychwald , received city rights. In 1947 the Poles introduced the place name Bogatynia for Reichenau (Polish bogaty = "rich")

On May 8, 1960, the city received a station on the newly opened standard gauge railway line Mikułowa – Bogatynia ( Nikolausdorf - Reichenau ).

Disused train station

The Hercules open- cast lignite mine near Turoszów (Türchau), which supplied the power plant in Hirschfelde , was expanded into a large open- cast mine and the Polish Turów power plant was built near Seitendorf (Zatonie) . The opencast mine has now reached the Neisse and has swallowed up all the places northwest, west and southwest of Reichenau. The remaining places in the area are incorporated into Bogatynia, both the power plant and the open-cast mine are now on the town hallway of Bogatynia.

Turów Power Plant

The place includes the only area east of the Oder-Neisse line that was previously Saxon and therefore not part of Prussia (such as Silesia , Pomerania , East Brandenburg, East Prussia ). In terms of area, it covers around 40% of the old district of Zittau .

When the Erlichtbach floods , triggered by heavy rain on the western foothills of the Jizera Mountains , the entire city center was flooded and badly damaged on August 7, 2010.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1933 7.130
1939 6,782

Town twinning in the three-country corner

local community

The urban and rural municipality Bogatynia covers a territory of 136 km² and has approx. 25,000 inhabitants. The following places belong to it:

Half-timbered house "Dom Zegarmistrza"
Former houses for teachers of the Hirschfelde Central School , in the background the Turow power station building

The villages of Gościszów, Pasternik, Biedrzychowice Górne, Strzegomice and Wigancice Żytawskie fell victim to lignite mining. The places Turoszów, Zatonie, Opolno Zdrój and Bogatynia are also partially affected.

sons and daughters of the town

See also

literature

  • Tilo Böhmer, Marita Böhmer: In the Zittau corner. Historical foray through Reichenau and its surroundings . 2nd Edition. Lusatia-Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 3-936758-34-4 .
  • Friedrich Ludwig Engelmann: History of Reichenau. 2nd Edition. Marx, Reichenau 1930.
  • Ulrich Gäbler: * “A missionary life”. Hermann Gäbler and the Leipzig Mission in South India (1891-1916) . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt GmbH, Leipzig 2018. Hermann Gäbler was born and raised in Strzegomice. The book contains essential information about Strzegomice and its neighboring towns. Hermann Gäbler later became a missionary for the Leipzig Mission.

Web links

Commons : Bogatynia  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony: Giessmannsdorf  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony: Oppelsdorf  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony: Friedersdorf near Zittau  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Now the Elbe is swelling. In: handelsblatt.com . August 8, 2010, accessed February 14, 2015 .
  3. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. zittau.html # ew39grei. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).