Turoszów
Turoszów (German Türchau ) is a place in the municipality of Bogatynia , on the Lusatian Neisse in the southwestern tip of Poland ( Lower Silesian Voivodeship ), on the border with Germany . The nearby Turów power plant is decisive for the location .
history
The first written mention of Tyrkow comes from the year 1312. The church is documented for the first time in 1384 in the Prague interest register. Since 1497 there is evidence of a manor owned by the von Falkenhayn family . The Reformation entered the village in 1551, and the first Protestant pastor was Johann Richter.
Since the end of the 16th century, Türchau was a Zittau council village after the town had bought the estate, which had been divided into three parts since 1530, from the Falkenhayners between 1583 and 1588.
Between 1712 and 1714 the church was enlarged. In addition to an extension of the nave to the north and south, a large tower was also added. In 1727 the organ created by Johann Gottlieb Tamitius from Zittau was consecrated . In 1786 the fire in the nearby Kretscham also destroyed the church tower, which was renewed by 1789. In 1721 a school building was built near the church, which was replaced by a larger one in 1888 and closed after the construction of the Hirschfeld Central School in Scharre .
After large lignite deposits were discovered near Türchau at the beginning of the 19th century , a large number of smaller lignite pits were built by the 20th century, in which farm owners mined the seams 4 to 5 meters deep. After merging some of the factories owned by Ernst Heidrich, the Hercules union continued dismantling in 1905 . In 1907 the company was converted from a mining union to a stock corporation , which then acquired large areas in Hirschfelde, Türchau and Seitendorf. The lignite stock company Herkules soon owned 88 hectares of land, under which 25 million tons of lignite were stored, and in 1907 it began open-cast mining , which was shortly afterwards called the Hirschfelde lignite plant . To process the coal, two briquette factories were built in the neighboring Hirschfelde in 1907 and 1908, and on April 13, 1911 the first power plant went into operation there.
This upswing prompted the Kingdom of Saxony from 1912 to buy up a considerable number of parcels and thus to acquire coal mining rights. On January 1, 1917, the state finally bought the Herkules AG with its opencast mine in Türchau and the Hirschfeld briquette factories. Together with the Hirschfelde power station acquired in the same year by the Berlin electricity supply company , this state property formed the basis for the Sächsische Werke (ASW).
But that also marked the end of the village in the Küpper valley . From 1917 the demolition of parts of the Niederdorf began, which in 1929 had largely been removed by the opencast mine. The place in the district administration Zittau was called a dying village . The Küpper was straightened for further dismantling. On August 26, 1938, the dam on the Küpper broke during a flood and the water masses flooded the place.
After the end of the Second World War, Türchau became Polish. After the ASW was confiscated on October 30, 1945, the lignite combine No. 136 of the Soviet stock corporation for the fuel industry in Germany , to which the Hirschfelde lignite mine in what is now Turoszów, also belonged. The mine was handed over to the Polish government on September 23, 1946. Until it was taken over by a Polish mine administration on August 16, 1947, when the 300 German miners were fired and replaced by a Polish workforce, curious situations arose at times. u. a. the switchmen of the mine railway were equipped with yellow signal flags because the mine management refused to use the usual red and white flags, as these are the national colors of Poland. In 1951, the Turoszów opencast mine was named Turów . The site has now been completely removed by the Turów mine.
Today's Turoszów settlement is a factory settlement that emerged from the former Hirschfeld district of Scharre , above which the Turów power station was built in 1962 . The settlement Trzciniec Dolny (Lehde) joins to the west up to the Neisse . 1973 Turoszów was incorporated into Bogatynia.
Development of the population
|
|
|
Sons and daughters of the place
- Johann Hübner (1668–1731), teacher, writer and genealogist
- Johann Friedrich May (1697–1762), moralist
literature
- Tilo Böhmer / Marita Wolff: Im Zittauer Zipfel , Lusatia-Verlag Bautzen, ISBN 3-929091-85-2
- Andreas Walter: Memories of a long-forgotten industrial region . On the 100th anniversary of the commissioning of the BKW Herkules briquette factory in Hirschfelde / Sa. in 2008, self-published by d. Association of the Zittauer Schmalspurbahn eV, 2006
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Türchau. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 29. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Zittau (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1906, p. 242.
Web links
- Türchau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Old photos from Türchau
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 50 ° 57 ' N , 14 ° 54' E