Kemnitz (Upper Lusatia)
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Kemnitz
City of Bernstadt ad Eigen
Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 0 ″ N , 14 ° 47 ′ 20 ″ E
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| Height : | 270–297 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 15.59 km² |
| Residents : | 803 (December 31, 2015) |
| Population density : | 52 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1994 |
| Postal code : | 02748 |
| Area code : | 035874 |
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Kemnitz is a district of Bernstadt ad Eigen in the Saxon district of Görlitz in Upper Lusatia .
The Kemnitzbach (Upper Sorbian Kamjenica) flows through the 3 km long village , which has its origin in the area of the Buschschenke and flows into the Pließnitz in Altbernsdorf ad Eigen .
The place Kemnitz is a row village , to which a corridor formerly divided into forest hooves belongs. Most of the farms, built as three or four-sided farms, are located in Niederdorf above the flood-prone Kemnitzbach valley floodplain. Striking elevations are the Rebhügelberg, Lindelberg, Wacheberg (358.2 m) and Kieferberg (365 m).
The total area of the district of Kemnitz occupies approx. 1240 hectares of agricultural land and 96 hectares of forest.
history
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The Kemnitzbach is referred to in the Upper Lusatian border document of 1241 as "Cameniza" (German Steinbach) and was a border section between the districts of Zagost and Budissin (Bautzen) and that of the area of the Bishop of Meißen and Burgwards Dolgowitz .
The name Kemnitz appears for the first time around 1276 in a document from the cathedral chapter archive in Meißen, when it mentions Otto de Kemnicz, who came to Old Sorbian = stone.
The oldest known landowners in Kemnitz were Heinrich and Hans von Gierssdorff, mentioned in a document in 1401 . It was not until 1852 that the noble landowners were replaced by bourgeois ones.
In 1786, the lord of Damnitz ordered the construction of seven mountain houses on the border with Bernstadt and the construction of the Niedere Schenke. At that time there were also two stately farms as well as a stately forest and poor house. Furthermore, 26 farmers, 33 garden food owners (small farmers) and 48 house owners lived here. There was a Kretscham and three taverns, as well as four mills, two blacksmiths as well as a community pastor's house, a rectory and a schoolhouse, making a total of 123 fireplaces. From 1819 onwards, numerous cottages were built from the village green in the direction of Niederkemnitz, in some cases this strong densification of the buildings in the valley floodplain.
In 1908, the Saxon State Treasury took over the manor Upper Kemnitz that as Remonteamt was used. Young military horses were bred here. The stables for 150 to 175 horses built in 1909 were also used for this purpose.
In 1932 there was a great flood in the village.
In 1994 Kemnitz O / L was incorporated into Bernstadt.
Local division
Kemnitz is divided into Ober- and Niederkemnitz as well as the former districts of Lehde or Lehdehäuser in the north, Buschschenkhäuser in the west and Russenhäuser in the south, from where you have a view of the Polish mountain landscape of the Jizera and Giant Mountains and the Czech Republic.
The deserted area Lautendorf near Kemnitz and Berthelsdorf was presumed to be based on old land conditions .
Administrative affiliation
1777: Görlitzer Kreis 1843: Regional Court District Löbau, 1856: Judicial Office Bernstadt, 1875: Amtshauptmannschaft Löbau , 1952: District Löbau , 1994: District Löbau-Zittau , 2008: District Görlitz
Place name forms
around 1276: Otto de Kemnitz, 1307: Kemnicz, 1401: Kemmenicz, 1413: Kempnicz, 1488: Kempnitz, 1694: Cemnitz, 1768: Kemnitz, 1875: Kemnitz b. Bernstadt
Population development
| year | Residents |
| 1834 | 1,069 |
| 1871 | 1.317 |
| 1890 | 1,164 |
| 1910 | 1,157 |
| 1925 | 1,186 |
| 1939 | 1,125 |
| 1946 | 1,531 |
| 1950 | 1,516 |
| 1964 | 1,382 |
| 1990 | 1,067 |
| 1993 | 1.102 |
During the Saxon state recession in 1777 there were 26 possessed men , 31 gardeners and 50 cottagers in Kemnitz , and 2 other farms were in desolation. 140 years earlier there was still no evidence of a cottage in Kemnitz. In 1681 there were only nine cottagers.
The first independent population survey in 1834 counted more than 1000 inhabitants, the number of which rose to over 1300 until the establishment of the empire and then fell below 1200. This number remained relatively constant from the end of the 19th century until the outbreak of World War II. After the end of the war, the population rose to over 1,500 due to refugees and displaced persons, but almost two decades later there were only just under 1,400 inhabitants and in 1993 around 1,100.
Culture and sights
Only a few buildings with features of earlier construction methods have been preserved in the village. So the little old Weber house is on the main road 64 still Umgebinde and truss or the building on the main road 67, the truss structure remained visible. On the main road in Niederkemnitz there is still a former water mill with a door keystone from 1847.
- Park: To the north of the Oberkemnitz manor, remains of the medieval moated castle built over by the younger castle have been preserved. The trenches were largely leveled, except for the pond to the north, and part of the former castle pond was filled. After that, the area was redesigned into a cultural park with numerous old trees, including several trees that are more than a hundred years old, such as pedunculate oaks, maples, summer linden, and copper beeches.
- Forest pool: The renovated forest pool is located in the valley of the Kemnitzbach.
Buildings
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- Kemnitzer Church: A chapel or church presumably existed as early as 1427 according to a document about an altar leaning of the bailiff Hans von Polenz. After it was burned down during the Hussite Wars in 1428 , it was rebuilt. In 1599, among other things, a stately prayer room was set up and the sacristy was added. The 38.9 m high church tower was built from 1682 to 1690, and was renovated from 1977 to 1979. In 1766 the church received an organ with 720 pipes from Loenhard Balthasar Schmahl from Zittau.
- Memorial to the memory of the 30 fallen of the First World War: inaugurated in 1922
- Manor house of the manor Oberkemnitz: The unadorned, elongated building was rebuilt after the fire of 1666. Its central corridor is covered by three cross vaults. After 1945, a quarter of the building was demolished, and another part served as a day care center in the GDR. The building is now empty.
- Mansion of the Niederkemnitz manor: The building was built in 1898 by the then owner Otto Conrad Sickel. It became communal property in 1948 and is now a private residence with a hairdresser.
Festivals
- June: Park festival with boat trip
- July: Large horse and jumping tournament
- August: Tractor meeting, one of the largest in Upper Lusatia
- October: Upper Lusatian Oktoberfest
economy
Around 1860 the following 141 craftsmen were working in the village: a baker, a cooper, a butcher, a yarn collector, an adhesive, a brickmaker, a bricklayer, two wheelwright, two carpenters, three shoemakers, three traders, four millers, seven stonemasons, 19 tailors , 23 carpenters, 24 bricklayers and 47 weavers.
Around 1920 Gut Oberkemnitz worked 180 hectares of arable land, 20 hectares of meadow and 6 hectares of wood, it also owned 15 horses and eight cattle, while Gut Niederkemnitz managed 95 hectares of arable land, 14 hectares of meadows and 8 hectares of wood and owned 12 horses as well 70 cattle. As a result of the land reform in 1945, the land of both goods was expropriated and redistributed among new settlers and poor farmers. Shortly before it was dissolved at the end of 1990, the Agricultural Production Cooperative (LPG) cultivated 1,240 hectares of usable land and in 1989 it kept around 1,000 cows, 1,500 pigs and 30 horses. Agrar GmbH Kemnitz, which was newly founded in 1995, cultivated approx. 1940 ha of usable area and five private resettlers of 300 ha. Today, almost exclusively resettlers cultivate the fields around Kemnitz.
On the Wacheberg and the Kiefernberg there is a wind turbine each for generating electricity for feeding into the public grid.
traffic
Görlitzer Strasse and old Löbauer Strasse cross at the Buschschenkhäuser. In 1876 a shorter connection was built along the Dorfbach with the new country road between Löbau and Bernstadt, which today represents the main connection to both cities.
Personalities
- Johann Mentzer (* 1658 in Jahmen in der Oberlausitz, † February 24, 1734 in Kemnitz), worked as a pastor and hymn poet from 1696 until his death in 1734 in Kemnitz. On the east side of the church, a plate has been set into the wall for him.
- Johann Reichwald von Fights (* 1609 in Semcaden, Lithuania, † February 28, 1662 in Kemnitz), Colonel, 1648 lord of Kemnitz, depicted on the outer north wall of the church in life size on two sandstone memorial plates, wearing armor with a field bandage, shoulder length Hair and in his right hand the general's staff
literature
- Between Löbau and Herrnhut (= values of the German homeland . Volume 56). 1st edition. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-0935-7 , pp. 149–151.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Kemnitz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 34. Issue: Official Authority Löbau . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1910, p. 230.
Web links
- short local information on www.bernstadt.info
- Kemnitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Numbers and facts. (No longer available online.) City administration Bernstadt ad Eigen, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved April 19, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Seifert: Messages from Kemnitz bey Bemstadt. 1797. Manuscript, archive of the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences in Görlitz
- ↑ Lautendorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Kemnitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Saxony regional register: information for the municipality of Kemnitz
- ↑ http://www.kemnitzer-treckerfreunde.de/index.php/treckertreffen
- ↑ http://www.oberlausitzer-oktoberfest.de/homepage.htm
- ^ Johann Christoph Peschel: History of Kemnitz. Zittau, 1861
- ^ Album of the manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony III
