Palais Kaskel-Oppenheim

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Stadtpalais Kaskel-Oppenheim, Bürgerwiese 5–7, seen from the street

The Kaskel-Oppenheim Palace was a neo-renaissance building in Dresden . The "Palais Oppenheim" was built from 1845 to 1848 by Gottfried Semper for the banker Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim (1781–1863) and was located in the English Quarter at Bürgerwiese  5–7 (best known address, formerly Dohna'sche Gasse 5 and 6) . In the years 1871 to 1874 the palace was rebuilt according to plans by Wilhelm Hoffmann for the new owners, the Kaskel family, resulting in the name “Palais Kaskel-Oppenheim”. During the air raids on Dresden in February 1945, the sandstone building burned down, but its outer walls were completely preserved. At the end of April 1951, the ruins of the palace were blown up for political reasons, and the property has remained undeveloped to this day.

owner

The palace was inhabited by the banker Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim (1781–1863), his wife Rosa (1792–1849) and August Grahl's family. Oppenheim's great-granddaughter Else Sohn-Rethel (1853–1933) describes her childhood in the palace in her memoirs. After Oppenheim's death, his heirs sold it to Baron Hermann Christian von Kap-herr from St. Petersburg , from whom the Cologne banker Simon von Oppenheim (not related to Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim) bought it for his daughter Emma von Kaskel , born in 1869 . Oppenheim, wife of the Dresden banker Felix von Kaskel , acquired. It remained in their property until the GDR's development legislation.

The name Palais Kaskel-Oppenheim results from the ownership structure of the Oppenheim and then Kaskel families .

prehistory

Little is known about the prehistory: From May 1845, the banker Oppenheim conducted purchase negotiations, which led to a preliminary conclusion in August 1845. In Oppenheim, for whom he was already building the Villa Rosa , Gottfried Semper had a client who gave him a free hand as far as the future design of the villa (specifically: the family's town house) was concerned: Semper's artistic works and designs as well as a large number of Color sheets for interior decoration are almost completely documented.

description

building

Main facade of the palace
The destroyed Palais Kaskel-Oppenheim around 1946
Floor plan (before the renovation)
Ceiling design in the dining room
Ceiling design in the salon

The palace was built by Gottfried Semper as a two-and-a-half-storey building on a triangular floor plan "in the fine and rich forms of Italian palace architecture" with ornamental and figurative decorations. The Palazzo Pandolfini in Florence served as a model.

The facade was 35 meters long with eight window axes. Two side projections, each five meters wide, each claimed a window axis.

The building rested on a rusticated base. Above it rose a high ground floor, which was also rusticated, and in which the windows “lie deep back, framed by smooth walls”. The two five-meter-long side projections had three-quarter columns embossed at ground level. A triglyphic cornice formed the upper end of the ground floor. The windows on the upper floor were framed by an aedicule , consisting of Ionic three-quarter columns with triangular pediments resting on them, which in turn were connected by a continuous cornice. A mezzanine floor with ornamental and figurative relief images followed on the upper floor , which in turn closed off a console cornice at the top.

When the Kaskel family came into possession of it in 1870, they had it rebuilt from 1871 to 1874. The triangular floor plan was expanded to a rectangle and the newly created right side facade, viewed from the street, was designed according to the pattern of the main facade.

Interior

Semper succeeded in making clever use of the triangular floor plan: he placed an octagonal room in the legs of the two cathets on the ground floor as well as on the upper floor (which was also given a glass over-coupling on the upper floor), from which the main rooms opened to the west and north. Side rooms and the main staircase with atrium were arranged in the part of the building that was externally bounded by the hypotenuse . While the first floor was used by the family of August Grahl , Oppenheim's son-in-law, Oppenheim and his family used the first floor and the mezzanine.

The sheets with the interior architecture designed by Semper have been almost completely preserved and show an elegant splendor, which consisted of varied coffered ceilings, portrait dalillons, color gradations and room divisions, whereby the upper floor was furnished more richly than the ground floor. Contemporaries praised a “serious monumentality” in which the interior construction was “in perfect harmony” with the simple exterior construction.

During the renovation, however, the Sempersche interior was removed and replaced by one in keeping with the taste of the time, only the octagon remained. Changes were made again after 1939.

  • Interior shots from the 1930s

  • Stairwell

  • Dining room, upper floor, wall painting Ernst Ferdinand Oehme

  • large salon with protected chandelier

  • Hall interior view

  • Staircase

Destruction and demolition

During the air raids on Dresden in 1945, the palace was not hit by a bomb. The palace was burned out, but the surrounding walls and parts of the interior were preserved. The monument conservator Johannes Rosenlöcher assessed the value of the ruin, saying that at the palace "the penetration of a room including all the little things of the interior and the garden by the hand of an artist" can be seen and the ruin is therefore worth protecting. Hans Nadler emphasized that “the facade would have been exemplary for the country houses built according to the model of the High Renaissance in Germany” and that it was therefore necessary to preserve it.

This was followed by City Council objected Otto Wagner that in this area the House of the Young Pioneers is provided. On March 16, 1951, Hans Bronder, the head of the city planning office at the time, threatened again that he would demand reimbursement of the demolition costs from the State Monuments Office if the latter continued to insist on maintaining the palace should demolition later become necessary. Hans Nadler from the Monument Office replied that “the decision to preserve the facade had been made by the State Monument Commission” and that only the Ministry for Popular Education could order it to be repealed. Finally, four days later, on March 20, 1951, Nadler asked the Ministry of National Education in its Art and Literature Department whether the palace should be removed from the state monument list.

One month later, the Dresden City Council turned to the state monument curator Joachim Uhlitzsch , who was Nadler's superior. In it, the city council ultimately asked him to release the palace for demolition. The reason for this was that if the palace was prevented from being demolished, it would delay the construction of the planned pioneer house. Uhlitzsch then agreed to the termination. At the end of April 1951 the palace was blown up. However: The planned "House of Pioneers" was never built on the Bürgerwiese due to a lack of funds, but the Pioneer Palace in Albrechtsberg Castle was opened in August 1951 . The area of ​​the Palais Kaskel-Oppenheim is still a green area today (2018).

Current status

In the course of the re-planning of the Lingnerstadt after the demolition of the Robotron building, the call for rebuilding within the new residential area was loud several times. This request was rejected by the Dresden architect and planner of the Peter Kulka district on the grounds that the city already had enough places steeped in history with the Frauenkirche, Neumarkt, Residenzschloss and Semperoper. You have to "counter this with something new and provide the space for it in the right and important place". But contrary to this individual opinion, the Dresden city council cleared the way for the reconstruction of the Palais Oppenheim. Investors are being sought for the financing (as of 2018).

literature

  • Volker Helas : Architecture in Dresden 1800–1900 . 3rd, revised edition. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1991, ISBN 3-364-00261-4 .
  • Volker Helas: Villa architecture in Dresden. Taschen, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-8228-9755-8 , pp. 59-61.
  • Matthias Lerm : Farewell to old Dresden. Loss of historical building stock after 1945 . 2nd, slightly revised edition. Hinstorff, Rostock 2000, ISBN 3-356-00876-5 .
  • Fritz Löffler : The old Dresden. History of his buildings . 6th, revised and expanded edition. Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1981, ISBN 3-8035-1123-2 .
  • Heidrun Laudel: Palais Oppenheim . In: Winfried Nerdinger, Günter Oechslin: Gottfried Semper (1803–1879). Architecture and Science prestel, Munich, and gta, Zurich 2003. ISBN (for Germany (prestel)) 3-7913-2885-9, ISBN (for Switzerland (gta)) 3-85676-120-1, pp. 250–253 .

Web links

Commons : Palais Kaskel-Oppenheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ I was happy whether it was raining or not: Else Sohn-Rethel - Memories, Munich 2016
  2. ↑ Bürgerwiese 5 u. 6: E (owner) Kappherr, Herm. Chst., K. Span. Generalconsul and Banquier, (Petersburg) , in the address and business manual of the royal capital and residence city of Dresden, Volume 14., 1868, House book, p. 42
  3. ↑ At the Bürgerwiese 5 u. 6: E (owner) v. Kaskel, Felix, Gstv., Frh., Banquier, (ad Bürgerw. 1); p. (Living on the ground floor) Grahl, Leutnants u. Painter's widow and Rethel, painter's widow / An der Bürgerwiese 7, G. (garden): E (owner) v. Kaskel, Felix Gstv., Frh., Banquier, (see above) , in the address and business manual of the royal capital and residence city of Dresden, volume 17., 1871, house book, p. 45
  4. ↑ Laudel, p. 253, footnote 3.
  5. ↑ Helas, p. 138
  6. ↑ Löffler, p. 345, p. 381/382, p. 401, image no. 476, image no. 493/94, p. 496
  7. ↑ a b Laudel, p. 251.
  8. ↑ Entry on Palais Kaskel-Oppenheim in Folke Stimmel u. a .: Stadtlexikon Dresden , Verlag der Kunst, Dresden, Basel, 1994, ISBN 3-364-00300-9 , p. 308.
  9. ↑ Laudel, p. 252.
  10. ↑ Laudel, p. 253.
  11. ↑ a b c Lerm, p. 104
  12. ↑ Lerm, p. 105.
  13. ↑ Lerm, p. 106.
  14. ↑ Lars Kühl: No space for old things in the new Robotron? In: Sächsische Zeitung of January 17, 2017, p. 15. Also online , accessed on April 10, 2018.
  15. ↑ Kay Haufe: Clear the way for the reconstruction of the Palais Oppenheim In: Sächsische Zeitung of June 28, 2018, accessed on April 28, 2020

Coordinates: 51 ° 2 ′ 41.6 ″  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 31.8 ″  E