Else Sohn-Rethel
Elisabeth Johanna Martha Maria Sohn-Rethel (born March 14, 1853 in Rome , † January 22, 1933 in Düsseldorf ), called Else , was a German painter and singer .
She was the only daughter of the painter Alfred Rethel and wife of the Düsseldorf portrait painter Karl Rudolf Sohn as well as the mother of several Düsseldorf painters of the late Düsseldorf School of Painting , who were trained at the Royal Prussian Art Academy .
ancestors
Else Rethel's great-grandfather Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim (* 1781 in Königsberg ; † October 10, 1863 in Dresden ) was a German banker from Königsberg. With his wife Rosa, b. Alexander (born April 1, 1792; † January 4, 1849 in Dresden) he had a. a. the daughter Elisabeth Julie Oppenheim (born April 12, 1813 in Königsberg; † January 4, 1905 in Dresden), who married the miniature painter August Grahl (born May 26, 1791 in Poppentin , Mecklenburg; † June 13, 1868 in Dresden) in 1832 , a son of the Berlin court jeweler Johann Christian Gottlieb Grahl. Their eldest daughter Maria Elisabeth Henrietta Philippina Grahl (1832–1895) married the history painter Alfred Rethel in 1851 (born May 15, 1816 near Aachen ; † December 1, 1859 in Düsseldorf ). He was the fourth of five children of Strasbourg- born Johann (Jean) Rethel (1769–1839) and his wife Johanna Schneider (1782–1857), daughter of an Aachen factory owner.
Life
Else Sohn-Rethel was born in Rome as the first grandchild of Elisabeth (1813–1905) and August Grahl and the daughter of Marie (1832–1895) and Alfred Rethel .
Childhood and youth in Dresden
At the time of her birth, her father Alfred Rethel was clearly mentally ill and was violent. After his return to Düsseldorf, Alfred Rethel was cared for by his mother, sister and brother Otto Rethel , whereas Else Rethel and her mother Marie were taken in by the Grahl family in Dresden . Else spent her childhood and youth in the villas of her great-grandfather Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim and her grandfather August Grahl, including the Villa Rosa and the Palais Oppenheim .
Together with her aunts Alexe (1844–1903) and Käthe Grahl (1847–1933), Else was taught reading and writing by Emmy Roquette, a private tutor. At the age of six she received music lessons from the German composer and organist Christian Robert Pfretzschner (1821–1885). Surrounded by collections and the artistic work of her grandfather August Grahl, Else was instructed in drawing . Since she had a beautiful voice, Else received private singing lessons from 1864 from Gustav Scharfe (1835-1892), who was a baritone at the Dresden Opera and professor for singing at the Music Conservatory .
In 1863 the great-grandfather Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim and in 1868 the grandfather August Grahl died in Dresden. The ancestor Elisabeth Grahl (1813–1905) kept the family together in Dresden. After her aunt Käthe's engagement to the painter Karl Rettich was canceled at the end of 1870, Else's grandmother decided to spend the winter with the family in Berlin and rented a floor at the corner of Charlotten and Behrensstrasse. There Else and her cousin Marie Warschauer (1855-1906), the youngest daughter of the German banker Robert Warschauer senior (1816-1884), took part in painting lessons from a Miss Lobedan. Ludwig Johann Passini , who married the eldest daughter of Robert Warschauer, Anna (1841–1866), came down from his studio from time to time and corrected her work. Else also took piano lessons in Berlin from the pianist Julie von Asten , who herself was intimate with Joseph Joachim . Back in Dresden, drawing lessons with Karl Wilhelm Schurig continued. Here Else had to draw plaster casts and for further exercises her original drawings by Peter von Cornelius , which were in the collections of her grandfather August Grahl, were presented to her.
During a visit to the family of her deceased father Alfred Rethel, who had bought a house at Rosenstrasse 38 in Düsseldorf, Else Rethel met her future husband Karl Rudolf Sohn , the youngest son of the Malkasten, for the first time on an evening stroll in the Jacobi'schen Garten Painter Karl Ferdinand's son and his wife Emilie Auguste, born von Mülmann (1805–1884). His siblings were the portrait and genre painter Paul Eduard Richard Sohn (1834–1912), Clara, who was married to the music director and composer Albert Dietrich , Emilie, who married her cousin, the painter Wilhelm Sohn , and Marie, the painter's wife Karl Hoff . There was also a maternal aunt, Sophie Pauline (1811–1863), married to the painter Rudolf Jordan . It was Eduard Gebhardt who brought Karl's son into the Rethel house, and with the consent of the elders of the family, grandmother Elisabeth Grahl from Dresden, his engagement to Else Rethel was celebrated in Düsseldorf in the summer of 1872.
Dusseldorf
Marriage and move to Düsseldorf
Due to a two-month military service by Karl Rudolf Sohn and various urgent portraits, the wedding was postponed from autumn 1872 to the following year. During this time he made the portrait of Else in a black dress, which led to follow-up orders from the Wesendonck family , whose fee made the wedding possible. On August 23, 1873 this took place in the baroque Loschwitz church . After an extended honeymoon in and through Switzerland, Else and Karl Sohn moved to Düsseldorf on the first floor of the corner house on Immermannstrasse and Charlottenstrasse.
“[…], But Carl Sohn undoubtedly breaks the palm with his portrait of a young, lovely woman who is one of the best that have been created in our city of art. Here it is once again clearly demonstrated that one can be simple without becoming sober, unadorned without becoming poor, noble without becoming rigid, that one can perform finely without falling into fearful tinkering. It is particularly gratifying that the hair has been carried out well, which is now generally done with a few broad brushstrokes and large highlights. The figure, head and hands are in perfect harmony; only the elevated position of the hands does not seem to be motivated enough, since there is no firm support. As far as the overall painterly effect is concerned, the figure stands out too much as a silhouette, and a few lights on the deep black dress would give it more roundness. It is a great risk to lift off the head with the delicate yellowish coloring on a very similarly colored background, a risk which, happily resolved, bears testimony to the artist's special talent for painting. "( Kunstsalon Schulte, November 24, 1873 )
Else Sohn-Rethel registered as a member of the Städtischen Musikverein zu Düsseldorf and from then on Julius Tausch had her often sing in the solos of the oratorios by Haydn , Mozart , Mendelssohn etc. She also enjoyed singing at societies in the so-called salons and participated in the Niederrheinische Musikfest , which took place alternately in Cologne, Aachen and Düsseldorf.
On February 8, 1875, Else gave birth to her first son Alfred and moved into a larger house at 134 Duisburger Strasse, in which her husband had his studio on the second floor. The family of the painter and sculptor Conrad Kiesel lived on the ground floor. Not far away, on Rosenstrasse 37, lived Ernest Preyer with his family, with whom she often played music.
Else Sohn-Rethel joined the Bachverein under the direction of the music director Wilhelm Schauseil (1834-1892), father of the singer Wally Schauseil . Soon after, Boieldieu performed the opera Jean de Paris by Boieldieu in the Malkasten with Else Sohn-Rethel as soprano in the role of Princess of Navarre . Karl Hoff , a friend of hers, designed the costume out of yellow brocade with a little black. It was thanks to the pianist Edmund Theodor Ratzenberger that his teacher Franz Liszt agreed to come to Düsseldorf in person for a two-day Liszt Festival . On the first day he performed an oratorio in which Else Sohn-Rethel sang as the first soprano.
The second son Otto was born at noon on January 18, 1877 , "five pounds, small, plump and particularly cute". When he was baptized, the boy was named Otto Wilhelm, after Otto Rethel and Wilhelm Sohn . At the beginning of April 1877, Else traveled to Italy with her husband . The route went via Munich, Innsbruck, Verona to Venice, where they lived with Ludwig Passini , who had moved there after the death of his wife Anna. Else had left her two sons in the care of her mother Marie in Düsseldorf.
Goltsteinstrasse
It was Bertha Vautier, the wife of the Swiss painter Benjamin Vautier , who, over a social tea at the Hoffs, drew Else Sohn-Rethel's attention to the fact that there was a beautiful house to buy at 23 Goltsteinstrasse. Vautiers lived at 29 Goltsteinstrasse. With the help of grandmother Grahl, and since Karl Rudolf Sohn earned a good income with portraits and had sold some pictures, the house could be bought. Georg Saal made the plans for some structural changes, because a studio had to be brought in. The front walls of the second floor were removed and a storage room in the middle was added so that a large window could be inserted. The window received mirror glass. The large room behind the studio became the bedroom; on the first floor were the living room and dining room; the kitchen was in the annex, above that the children's room and at the top the guest room. And several fruit trees were planted in the small garden on the sunny side. In 1943 the house was destroyed by an incendiary bomb, along with all the artworks that the Sohn-Rethel family had collected.
Participation in the Kaiserfest in 1877
In September 1877 the festival in honor of the presence of Emperor Wilhelm I was to take place in the artists' association Malkasten . The emperor wanted to hold a 14-day maneuver with his entire staff and the princes and princely families of the entire empire in the Golzheimer Heide. On the very first day, after returning from Italy, all the gentlemen of the large committee gathered on the square in front of the bowling alley of the paint box. From a box of honor on the terrace of the Malkasten House , the imperial couple was supposed to watch the stage performance dedicated to the “victorious restorer of the German Empire”. Five historical trains were involved in the performance. For the prelude, five incidents from German history that were related to the Rhineland were shown in pictures. Karl Hoff wrote the festival and had to win actresses for it. He appointed Else Sohn-Rethel as his adjutant. So the great tragedy Anna Haverland was asked to play the role of Germania from Dresden; this accepted. Likewise Magda Irschick for the role of Clio . A Fraulein Schaumburg, who was active in Barmen, was asked for the legend . The poetry was supposed to be played by a young Fraulein Hoffmann. The other eight muses in the Clio's entourage were part of the prelude. Else Sohn-Rethel was intended for the role of the muse of music and in the second part of the festival for one of the singing mermaids on the rock of the pond. Karl Hoff commissioned Else to invite the most beautiful women to contribute on his behalf. Among them was the young Clara Viebig . Else Sohn-Rethel was also responsible for discussing the respective costumes with the associated fabrics and trying them on. The whole of Düsseldorf had put itself at the service of this great cause; very first artists like: Andreas Achenbach and Oswald Achenbach , Benjamin Vautier , Albert Baur , Julius Roeting , Christian Kröner , Wilhelm Camphausen , Emil Hünten , Carl Johann Lasch , Philip Grot Johann etc. only worked for it. Julius Tausch composed the music for the whole evening, and the painters, especially Andreas Achenbach, who was already an elderly man, stood for weeks with hunched backs and painted the large wall decorations, which had to walk for 1½ hours. The gentlemen who were responsible for decorating the large hall, headed by the painter Hermann August Krüger , commissioned Else Sohn-Rethel to produce three large banners that were to hang from the gallery in the hall. The blankets were made of coarse, red-colored sackcloth, each with an imperial eagle in the middle, around which a plastic ornament bursting with gold. To make these shapes three-dimensional, Else Sohn-Rethel used glued cotton wool boards, had buckets full of flour paste boiled, dipped a piece of the cotton wool into it, shaped it by hand and placed it directly on the fleeting preliminary drawings. Small putti and all sorts of things, such as B. some beautiful mother-of-pearl shells with wire, attached them in between. When everything was dry and modeled, she coated it with dammar varnish . Then they gilded, silvered and bronzed to their heart's content until the ceiling finally looked like old, venerable gold embroidery to everyone's satisfaction. Else Sohn-Rethel made the design for the carpet that was to be spread out by the pond for the imperial couple. The carpet, consisting of twelve individual pieces due to its size, was embroidered on the base material of sackcloth, ornaments made of fresh asters, dahlias and georgines, with connecting tendrils made of gray and yellow flat leaves and the spaces between them were filled with pieces of moss. On September 5, 1877, the Kaiser and the Empress, Crown Prince Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and his wife Victoria , princes and generals, headed by Moltke , arrived at Benrath Palace . The next day the Malkastenbühne took place, in which Blücher's crossing of the Rhine at Kaub was festively staged.
Appearances in the Bachverein Düsseldorf
Else Sohn-Rethel threw herself into the music studies that had been neglected for so long and went to rehearsals at the Düsseldorf Music Association. November 1877, the opera Das goldene Kreuz by Ignaz Brüll took place in the Malkasten under the direction of Schauseil with Else Sohn-Rethel in the main role of Christine. Her partner, a young farmer, was to be sung by Maximilian Achenbach, who later became the famous Max Alvary . The performance was postponed and later Achenbach could no longer take over because he was engaged in Weimar himself. It was not performed for the first time until the beginning of April 1878. On February 6, 1878, the Bach Society gave a concert in the Kaisersaal of the Tonhalle, in which Clara Schumann played. Else Sohn-Rethel sang out of love and life as a woman and a few songs by Johannes Brahms , including the short song O don't break, Steg, you're trembling a lot . In June 1878 the Lower Rhine Music Festival took place in the Düsseldorf Tonhalle . Julius Tausch had won Joseph Joachim as principal conductor and his wife Amalie Joachim as principal soloist for this festival . Else Sohn-Rethel sang in the choir for the premiere of “Germanenzug”. On October 20th Else Sohn-Rethel took over the soprano in the Tonhalle, accompanied by Annette von Essipow on the pianoforte.
Wagner Association
At the end of winter, Else Sohn-Rethel met a friend of Liszt, Franz von Dingelstedt , at a musical evening in the house of her friends, the banker Leonhard Scheuer , who, as a great admirer of Richard Wagner, played all the operas throughout the evening. Banker Leonhard Scheuer lived with his family in a house at Breitestrasse 12 with a large garden that extended to Königsallee. The eldest daughter of the house, Lina Scheuer, was a student of Liszt, often in Weimar, and was musically gifted. She played the piano very nicely and Else sang. Out of the enthusiasm for Wagner's music, a "Wagner Association" was founded in Düsseldorf, in which Else Sohn-Rethel also became a member. The regularly recurring concerts took place in the Hotel Heck , where Else Sohn-Rethel sang the duet from the Flying Dutchman as Senta with Dingelstedt .
In 1881 Else Sohn-Rethel sang a solo in a work by Niels Wilhelm Gade in the Tonhalle Düsseldorf and on a carnival evening under the motto “Rheinisches Musikfest” in the house of Rudolf Jordan, an aria from the opera Robert le diable by Giacomo Meyerbeer .
In spring 1882, on May 8th, Else Sohn-Rethel had her third son, Carl Ernst, called Karli . On March 14, 1884 Else Sohn-Rethel gave birth to a daughter. During the baptism the child was named Maria Emilie Elisabeth, after the two grandmothers and the great-grandmother, the child was named Mira, in memory of Mira Passini in Venice. Mira Sohn-Rethel later married the painter Werner Heuser . In the meantime, from 1882 to 1886, Else's husband, Karl Rudolf Sohn, was commissioned by Queen Victoria to travel repeatedly to the English court in Windsor Castle for longer stays . The portraits and knees were then partly completed on the basis of photographs in Düsseldorf. Else Sohn-Rethel often had to sit as a model , especially for the portrait of Queen Victoria. The royal dresses were stuffed with pillows around the silk waist. The white headgear of mourning (white mourning) and a small shirt front, as only Queen Victoria wore it was left for the portrait.
A lot of music was played at garden parties on the estate of Otto Euler (1835–1925) and his wife Marie, the daughter of Eduard Bendemann , who had painted a head study for Else Sohn-Rethel in 1869. Else Sohn-Rethel was often asked to sing. It was here that Else Ernst Matthes (1848–1906), son of the industrialist Mathieu, met Elie Matthes and his wife Agnes, née Wätjen , and Heinrich Steinmetz (1835–1915). Ernst Matthes sang the first tenor , his brother-in-law Steinmetz the baritone part . A permanent ensemble singing began with Else Sohn-Rethel, to which Maria Schleger as an alto joined the group as fourth . The composer Ferdinand Hiller from Cologne was also a guest at Eulers. One evening Maria Schleger and Else Sohn-Rethel sang his two-part folk songs to accompany him. As a result, Else Sohn-Rethel and Maria Schleger sang the duets for two voices by Mendelssohn and The Sisters of Brahms on evenings in the Knights' Hall of the Tonhalle, as well as the aria Finally, the hour from Figaro's wedding by Mozart and in encore the seldom heard and something wild, Tarantella by Rossini and Già - la luna è in mezzo al mare ... . Maria Schleger married the alderman Ernst Cramer and when it was announced that she would have children, her younger sister Clara Schleger took over.
In May 1887, her son Alfred, also with the support of Eduard von Gebhardt, entered the Düsseldorf Art Academy at the age of 13, later followed by his brothers Otto and Karl. In December 1887, the artists prepared a big party in all the halls of the Tonhalle for the Association of Düsseldorf Artists to provide mutual support and help , and Else Sohn-Rethel once again began to work diligently on costumes and more. Karl Rudolf Sohn and the painter Max Volkhart had taken over a large Japanese tea tent, which should extend over the entire large podium. Else Sohn-Rethel painted flowers and birds on unbleached nettle for the bazaar with Indian ink on a kimono robe, which the Japanese consul Louis Kniffler then considered to be real.
In the winter of 1889, their children Otto and Karli fell ill with measles , as did their mother Marie Rethel. The children Mira and Alfred were isolated. Else Sohn-Rethel also fell ill and had a premature birth in the eighth month in a row. Despite all the efforts of the midwife and doctor, the girl lived only one day and one night.
Participation in the Kaiserfest in 1891
During the summer of 1890 it became known that Kaiser Wilhelm II was planning to hold a parade in the Golzheimer Heide. It was shortly after Otto von Bismarck was overthrown and his successor Leo von Caprivi was to accompany the emperor . The Malkasten felt obliged, like Wilhelm I, to hold a festival. Because of the coolness and an ear disease of the emperor, the Alte Tonhalle was chosen as the venue. Else Sohn-Rethel was asked to copy two standards for the infantry and a flag for the Uhlans. In the commandant's office on Hofgartenstrasse, Else made the flags from her sketches from faded black umbrella silk with ornaments molded from cotton wool and paste and painted. These were not used because General von Albedyll feared that the emperor might think the flags were real. During the day Else Sohn-Rethel was busy with the rehearsals of the gypsy group assigned to her, which was to lead the festivity. The dress rehearsal went without any problems. The Emperor met on May 4, 1891 at 9 am on Märkischen Bergisch Station one. After a reception, a garrison inspection on Königsallee , a feast in the Ständehaus , Wilhelm II arrived in the town's Tonhalle.
“The performance in the Tonhalle should begin at 8 o'clock; Our groups of gypsies with me at the head were ready punctually; but nobody came. We had to wait until 9 o'clock [...]. At last he appeared and sat down with Caprivi next to him; Our gypsy dance began to the sound of the music on the upper podium [...] Everything went wonderfully, was brilliantly rehearsed and met with the greatest applause from the many invited spectators. Only the Emperor sat in front of it, silent and unlovable, did not look up from his program, the contents had to be explained to him; no look at the stage, where one train after the other passed by. Only at the end, as the 39ers and the other regiments passed by with the usual roar and hurray, there was an appreciative smile on his annoyed face. He spoke a few more words of praise, meaningless words to the board of the paint box and left the concert hall with Caprivi and his entourage. A relieving sigh of relief from the actors and the audience; you got rid of him and gave yourself up to the festivities until morning. "
“Emperor Wilhelm II. [Had] sighed before his unavoidable trip to the industrial and trade exhibition in Düsseldorf in 1902:“ Düsseldorf in general. I don't like going there. One would rather cheer the artists than me. "( Wulf Metzmacher )
Scheveningen 1891
In 1890 it was decided to travel to Scheveningen for the necessary rest of the husband Karl's son . Except for their son Otto, who was not allowed to miss school, the whole family - in addition to Karl, Else, Marie Rethel, Alfred, Karli and Mira, as well as the pearl Minna - moved into the inexpensive "Hotel Deutschmann". In the vicinity of the Kurhaus Scheveningen they met Mr. and Mrs. von Diergart, owners of the Rolandsburg in the Grafenberg Forest , whom they had met at the balls at Thusnelde and Georg Oeder in their house at Jacobistraße 10 , at the Düsseldorf Hofgarten . At the youthful dance evenings organized by Diergarts, sixteen-year-old Alfred aroused the interest of the ladies. Little Karli fell ill and so the seaside vacation was extended by several weeks and so the sons used the time to visit the studio of the painter from the Hague School, Jozef Israëls , who himself showed one of his most important pictures.
After 1890
On August 6, 1895, Else's mother Marie Rethel was born. Grahl died in Düsseldorf at the age of 62. Her mother and Else's grandmother Elisabeth Grahl survived almost all of their children, she died at the age of 91 on January 4, 1905 in Dresden .
In old age Else Sohn-Rethel remembers the years of her life in Dresden and Düsseldorf and writes the family history from 1928 to 1931 from approx. 1840 to 1893 with the freshness of a young girl. Excerpts from her memoirs have been published in the books The painter family Robert Kummer and August Grahl in Dresden and Feste zur Ehren und am Glück. Artist festivals of the 19th and early 20th centuries incorporated.
One year before her death, in January 1932, an exhibition took place in the Alfred Flechtheim gallery together with their sons Alfred, Otto, Karli Sohn-Rethel, Friedhelm Haniel (1888–1838) and Hans von Marées . Elsensohn lived until her death on 22 January 1933, a few days before the seizure of power of Hitler, 23 in the house Goltsteinstraße Her husband Karl Rudolf son had died in August 1906th She died with her family and was buried in the north cemetery.
Life memories
Else Sohn-Rethel's memoirs were published in 2016 with comments by Hans Pleschinski . The original of the records has not been preserved, but a copy by Werner Heuser. It is not clear whether this is incomplete or whether the author was unable to complete her memories herself.
Even as a young girl, Else was very independent and emancipated for the time. This may have been due to her character on the one hand, and to the more than wealthy and extremely art-minded and liberal family for the time on the other. Else Sohn-Rethel was artistically gifted and also active. What is astonishing is that she does not mention any experience of anti-Semitism; perhaps it was unusual in their circles? Else Sohn-Rethel reproduces many passages from her husband's letters that he wrote to her when he was away from home - e. B. in England - was to carry out portrait assignments, and in it reported on the often prominent customers and models.
The work is described by the publisher as “a uniquely beautiful, coherent image of the Belle Époque and the early days in Germany”.
Wiltrud Irion, a descendant of August Grahl, published Else Sohn-Rethel's “My Memories” in 2015.
literature
- Hans Pleschinski: “I was happy whether it rained or not.” Memoirs of Else Sohn-Rethel , CH Beck, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-69165-2
- Wiltrud Irion (Ed.): From August Grahl to the Oppenheims. Roots of a Dresden family , Neopubli, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-741820-03-8
- Matthias Lehmann: The painter family Robert Kummer and August Grahl in Dresden , Konz, 2010, ISBN 978-3-9814935-0-4
- Ingrid Bosch (Hrsg.), Edited by Sabine Schroyen: Feste zur Ehre und zum Lust artists festivals of the 19th and early 20th centuries , Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-931878-08-2
Web links
- Hans Pleschinski : I was happy whether it was raining or not. Reading from the memoirs of Else Sohn-Rethel.
- Kirsten Böttcher: The turbulent life of an artist's wife ( memento from August 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), on Bayern 2 from June 1, 2016
Individual evidence
- ↑ Julie von Asten biography , on Sophie Trinker Institute , accessed July 21, 2016
- ^ Otto Rethel, address book Düsseldorf 1889 http://www.adressbuecher.net/entry/show/517935
- ↑ The Dioscuri. German art newspaper. Main body d. dt. Kunstvereine, Vol. 18, No. 44 (November 30, 1873), Berlin 1873, p. 351 in the correspondence
- ^ Son, Carl, painter, Duisburgers. 134 , in the address book of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf for 1876, p. 128.
- ↑ Kiesel, Conr., Painter, Duisburgers. 134 , in the address book of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf for 1873, p. 68.
- ^ Preyer, Ernst, painter, Rosenstr. 37 , in the address book of the Lord Mayor of Düsseldorf for 1875, p. 100.
- ↑ History of the Bachverein Düsseldorf: “The traditional choir was founded in 1870 by the Düsseldorf music director Wilhelm Schauseil at the time and was able to record well-known contributors such as Clara Schumann and Lilli Lehmann.” , At bachverein-duesseldorf.de, accessed on 21. July 2016.
- ^ Benjamin Vautier, painter, address book of the Lord Mayor's Office Düsseldorf 1889 , on genealogy.net, accessed on July 21, 2016.
- ^ Bachverein Düsseldorf: History , accessed on April 2, 2014.
- ↑ The "Bankhaus Fleck & Scheuer" on Kasernenstrasse managed the financial affairs of the Sohn and Hoff families. The banker Leonhard Scheuer was a grandson of Rabbi Jehuda Löb Scheuer (* 1779: † January 24, 1821 in Düsseldorf)
- ^ Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889. Reprint: Triltsch, Düsseldorf 1980, I, p. 97 (Breitestrasse)
- ^ Richard Wagner Verband Düsseldorf, Chronik ( Memento of the original from September 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Family Euler, City Archives Düsseldorf https://www.duesseldorf.de/stadtarchiv/fortstufene/tektonik/deposita/4_6_0.shtml
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Celebrations of honor and pleasure, artist festivals of the 19th and early 20th centuries: May 4, 1891 - Kaiserfest , on malkasten.org, accessed on July 22, 2016
- ↑ Article on Andreas Achenbach , Nordfriedhof Düsseldorf ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , from wo-sie-ruhen.de, accessed on July 22, 2016
- ↑ Hotel Deutschmann (Scheveningen)
- ^ Friedrich Daniel Freiherr von Diergardt (born November 21, 1850 in Viersen; † August 26, 1907 in Mörsbroich). He married Agnes Constanze Freiin von Loén on October 4, 1877 in Tegel. Today Hotel Rolandsburg / Leo Freiherr von Diergardt Verwaltungs-KG. Roland Castle
- ↑ Hans Pleschinski: “I was happy whether it rained or not.” Memoirs of Else Sohn-Rethel , CH Beck, Munich 2016, addendum p. 252.
- ↑ Hans Pleschinski: “I was happy whether it rained or not.” Memoirs of Else Sohn-Rethel , CH Beck, Munich 2016, epilogue, pp. 241–251.
- ↑ Volker Isfort: Else Sohn-Rethel: A happy life. In: Abendzeitung , February 22, 2016.
- ↑ Wiltrud Irion (Ed.): From August Grahl to the Oppenheims. Roots of a Dresden family , self-published, Merzhausen, June 2015, memories of Grahl's granddaughter Else Sohn, b. Grahl , pp. 43-214
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Son-Rethel, Else |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Son-Rethel, Elisabeth Johanna Martha Maria (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter, draftsman and singer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 14, 1853 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Rome , Italy |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 22, 1933 |
| Place of death | Düsseldorf , German Empire |