Hans of Marées

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Hans von Marées (1863): Marées (left) and Lenbach, Schack Collection
Hans von Marées (1874): Self-portrait with a yellow hat
Hans von Marées (portrait bust by Carl Begas the Younger , 1878)

Johann Reinhard von Marées (born December 24, 1837 in Elberfeld , † June 5, 1887 in Rome ) was a German draftsman , graphic artist and painter of idealism .

origin

The family comes from the old French-Dutch nobility. His grandfather, the Anhalt Chamber of Commerce President Karl von Marées (1765–1845), was accepted into the Anhalt-Dessau nobility in 1826. His parents were the Prussian Chamber President in Koblenz Adolf von Marées (1801–1874) and his wife Friederike Susmann (1810–1864), the daughter of the Jewish merchant Susmann. His brother Georg (1834–1888) was a Prussian lieutenant colonel and a military writer.

Life

Marées demonstrated a talent for drawing at an early age. In 1854 he became a student of Carl Steffeck at the Berlin Art Academy , but separated from him after a year. After his military service he came to Munich in 1857 , where he worked after nature and, in the company of his friends Franz von Lenbach , Adolf Lier and Anton Teichlein in opposition to the academy, acquired a dark-toned, picturesque color scheme based on the old Dutch. In addition to military motifs and landscapes (including Diana's programmatically predictive bathroom , 1863), he created haunting portraits of friends and self-portraits. Sent to Rome by Adolf Friedrich Graf von Schack in 1864 to copy important paintings, he broke with him in 1868; However, Marées found a new patron in the cultural philosopher Konrad Fiedler . On a joint trip to Spain , France and Holland in 1869 , particularly impressed by Eugène Delacroix , he gained a solidified, tectonic formal language ideally shaped with a new color force (e.g. orange-picking rider , 1869/70), which he found in the circle of the new idealistic German-Romans around Arnold Böcklin , Anselm Feuerbach and Adolf von Hildebrand moved. Adolf von Hildebrand loved and adored Marées and "looked after" his pupil "almost touchingly and fatherly like his special treasure" .

Close friends with Hildebrand, Marées worked with him in Berlin in 1871/72 , then alone in Dresden . The only major commission in his life was the frescoing of the zoological station in Naples, financed by Fiedler . With its monumental elevation of a realistic scenery on the Gulf of Naples , the work is one of the most important German art achievements of the 19th century. Marées became friends with Arnold Böcklin, separated from Hildebrand in 1876 and finally went to Rome , where he created his mature work as an expression of an unfulfilled longing for an ideal human existence in nature, lonely and shy of the public in view of the works of Raphael and ancient sculptures. Often motivated by mythology, but of high general validity in the combination of classic nudes in the southern landscape, he found here final formal clarity and dark, glowing color strength (e.g. in the triptychs The Hesperides , two versions 1879/80 and 1884/87; Die Werbung , 1885–1887; The Three Horsemen , 1885–1887).

At the time, in his self-tormenting striving for perfection, which prompted him to paint over again and again, he was not understood until after the turn of the century - sometimes with misinterpretations such as B. in the National Socialist era - recognized as a pioneer of modern figurative art of expression. Larger collections of works by Marées can be found in the Neue Pinakothek in Munich (donated by Fiedler in 1891), the State Graphic Collection in Munich , the Von der Heydt Museum in Wuppertal and the National Gallery in Berlin.

He died unmarried in Rome in 1887 and was buried in the Protestant cemetery in Rome near the Cestius pyramid .

Works (excerpt)

Hans von Marées (1864): The Flood, Schack Collection
Hans von Marées (1873): The rowers - preliminary study for the frescoing of the zoological station in Naples
Hans von Marées (1873, detail): Marées and Hildebrand, Neue Pinakothek .
Hans von Marées (around 1880): Figural compositions

Honors

In 2002, the sculptor Erwin Wortelkamp created a bronze sculpture entitled For Hans von Marées .

Exhibitions

1987/88: Drawings - Staatliche Graphische Sammlung Munich , catalog by Gisela Scheffler
2008: Search for the true form - von-der-Heydt-Museum , Wuppertal
2015/16: Olaf Metzel - Hans von Marées. An approach - Alte Pinakothek , Munich

literature

  • Konrad Fiedler : Hans von Marées. Munich 1889.
  • Hyacinth Holland :  Marées, Hans von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 52, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, pp. 190-196.
  • Julius Meier-Gräfe: Hans von Marées, his life and work. 3 volumes, Munich / Leipzig 1909/10.
  • Ludwig Justi : Hans von Marées. Berlin 1921.
  • Julius Meier-Graefe: The draftsman Hans von Marées. Munich 1925.
  • Bernhard Degenhart : Marées drawings. Berlin 1953.
  • Ludwig Grote : Hans von Marées - The frescoes in Naples. Stuttgart 1958.
  • Elisabeth Decker: On the artistic relationship between Hans von Marées, Konrad Fiedler and Adolf von Hildebrand. Basel 1966.
  • Wolfgang Bessenich: The classic Marées. Basel 1967.
  • Herbert von Eine : Hans von Marées. Munich 1967.
  • Kurt Liebmann : Hans von Marées. Dresden 1972.
  • Uta Gerlach-Laxner: Hans von Marées - catalog of his paintings. Munich 1980.
  • Uta Gerlach-Laxner:  Marées, Hans von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , pp. 145 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Walter Seitter : Hans von Marées. Another philosopher . Droschl, Graz / Vienna 1993. ISBN 3-85420-333-0 .
  • Gerd Blum : Hans von Marées. Autobiographical painting between myth and modernity. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin and Munich 2005.
  • Lea Ritter Santini, Christiane Groeben (Ed.): Arte come Autobiografia / Art as autobiography: Hans von Marées. Naples 2005.
  • Lea Ritter Santini, Christiane Groeben (ed.): Hans von Marées (= Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn. Vol. 2). Macchiaroli, Naples 2008.
  • Franz Wegener: The Vedremo Bund. Conrad Fiedler, Hans von Marées and Adolf von Hildebrand, Gladbeck 2016.
  • Angelika Wesenberg : Hans von Marées. Longing for community (exhibition catalog Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Alte Nationalgalerie). Dresden 2008, ISBN 978-3-940319-48-7 .
  • Roman Zieglgänsberger: Hans von Marées as a portrait painter. Frankfurt am Main et al. 2001.
  • Roman Zieglgänsberger: From private portrait to large composition - Arnold Böcklin, Anselm Feuerbach and Hans von Marées. In: Peter Forster (Ed.): Nanna - entranced, inflated, unreachable. Anselm Feuerbach's elixir of a passion. Exhibition catalog. Museum Wiesbaden and Hamburger Kunsthalle, Petersberg 2013, pp. 248–265.
  • Erich Kuttner : Hans von Marees - The tragedy of German idealism. VEB Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1958.

Web links

Commons : Hans von Marées  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

supporting documents

  1. ↑ in Sigrid Braunsfels-Esche, Marées catalog 1987, pages 39-64
  2. ↑ Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller , man for man , page 491/492
  3. ↑ Manfried Rauchsteiner , Manfred Litscher: Das Heeresgeschichtliche Museum in Wien , Verlag Styria , Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-222-12834-0 , p. 53.
  4. ^ Hans Weingartz: Erwin Wortelkamp. nrw-museum.de, accessed on February 19, 2011 .
  5. ↑ Book presentation on kunstmarkt.com , accessed on June 13, 2013.
  6. ↑ Franz Wegener: The Vedremo Association: Conrad Fiedler, Hans von Marées and Adolf von Hildebrand . Kulturfoerderverein Ruhrg., 2016, ISBN 978-1-5331-3909-2 ( google.de [accessed on December 3, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Marées, Hans von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marées, Johann Reinhard von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German draftsman, graphic artist and painter of idealism
DATE OF BIRTH December 24, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Elberfeld
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1887
Place of death Rome