Kammerode

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kammerode is a residential area in the Ferch district of the Schwielowsee community in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district (Brandenburg). The village that was created in the course of the German settlement in the east around 1200 fell into desolation at the end of the 14th century. In 1542 a sheep farm was established again on the deserted Feldmark. Around 1730 a farm was set up instead of the sheep farm. By 1800 it had become a Büdner establishment with 16 houses, which developed into today's residential area. Kammerode was incorporated into Ferch as early as 1928.

location

Kammerode is located approx. 2.5 km northwest of the center of Ferch, approx. 3.5 km east-southeast of Bliesendorf and approx. 4.5 km south-south-west of the center of Glindow, approx. 2 km from the west bank of the Schwielowsee. The center is 56  m above sea level. NHN . The former district was combined with the Ferch district. The place can be reached via the K6907 from Ferch or from a junction of the L 90.

From at least 1885 to 1929, the Resau residential area also belonged to Kammerode. This year it was separated with part of the Kammerode district and incorporated into Bliesendorf.

history

Kammerode was first mentioned in 1267, but only indirectly, when a Walthero de Camerode was a witness when a certificate was issued in Brandenburg. The name is taken from Reingard Fischer from a plb. Basic form * Komarovoda to original Slavic * komarь = mosquito and original Slavic * voda = water, thus derived from mosquito water. The Luch or the Kaniner Luch, two merging swamps, is only about 400 meters south .

The high medieval village

The village, which arose in the course of the German settlement in the east around 1200, is first mentioned in 1370. At that time it was an accessory for Potsdam Castle . In 1375 it is described in the Land Book of Emperor Charles IV as follows:

"Camerode sunt 30 mansi, quorum plebanus habet 2. Ad pactum quilibet mansus 4 modios siliginis, 2 modios avene, ad censum quilibet mansus dat 1 solidum, ad precariam quilibet mansus 19 denarios, ½ quarter siliginis, ½ ordei, ½ modium avene. Pro conventione lignorum dat tota villa 6 modios siliginis spectantes et advocatiam, quelibet domus 1 pullum. Stenowynne, Claws Rytzen / Rickezin, illi de Rochow have pactum et censum. Marchio had totam precariam cum supremo iudicio et servicio. "

- Schultze, Landbuch, p. 200.
Kammerode on the Urmes table sheet 3643 Werder (Havel) from 1839

According to this, the field marrow was divided into 30 hooves, the pastor had two hooves free of taxes for maintenance. Each taxable hoof had to give four bushels of rye and two bushels of oats for rent and one shilling of interest. The cost per hoof was 19 pfennigs, ½ a quarter of rye, ½ a quarter of barley and ½ a bushel of oats. The village gave a total of 6 bushels of rye to the Vogtei in Potsdam, and each house added a chicken. A woman named Stenowynne and Claws Rytzen (in a different handwriting: Rickezin) shared the income from rent and interest as a fiefdom from those of Rochow. The margrave still had the upper court and the services of the peasants. Reinhard Fischer speculates whether the village was not already in the process of dissolution in 1375. The village was abandoned only a little later, but the field mark was still used as pasture by the neighbors. During a raid into the Zauche, initiated by the Abbot of Zinna, three shock sheep (= 180 pieces) were stolen from the Michelsdorf NN . In 1452 the Lehnin monastery was granted grazing rights on the desert field mark. In 1541 the von Rochow even (partly?) Plowed the field again. In 1542 there was again a sheep farm on the Feldmark. The herds were guarded by a tenant sheep farm with a farmhand. In 1624 the tenant shepherd even had several helpers. In 1730, Kammerode is somewhat imprecisely designated as Gut . Since this estate is called the Vorwerk in 1745, it can be assumed that the Vorwerk was built around / before 1730. By 1801, a Büdner colony of 21 Büdners, two residents and a jug had already been built near the Vorwerk. Presumably the repopulation of the Feldmark began as early as the 1760/70 years. In 1772 Kammerode already had 37 inhabitants, in 1801 61 inhabitants. In 1871 the residential area had 26 residential buildings with 34 households and 147 residents.

1801 Vorwerk near and belonging to Plessow, along with 11 Büdner, 2 Einliegern and Kruge, 10 Hufen. The owner was the chamber councilor Friedrich Ludwig von Rochow zu Plessow (1745-1808).

In 1858 Kammerode had 88 inhabitants. There were 17 residential buildings and 44 farm buildings in the village. 29 acres of homesteads, 1156 acres of fields, 164 acres of meadows, 3997 acres of forest

In 1896 the estate had a total size of 1271 ha, of which 259 ha were arable, 23 ha were meadows, 48 ​​ha were pastures and 941 ha were forest. The property tax net income was 6218 marks. Kammerode is listed under the Plessow manor as a Vorwerk. The owner was Knighthood Councilor Friedrich Ludwig ( Fritz ) von Rochow (1858-1914) in Plessow. In 1900 there were 21 houses in the parish and 5 houses in the manor district.

In 1914 Niekammer states the size of the estate as 1291 ha, of which 88.5 ha were arable, 37.5 ha were meadows, 1131 ha were forest and 34 ha were unland and water. The property tax net income was 6131 marks. The animal population amounted to 6 horses, 8 head of cattle, including 5 cows and 19 pigs. Kammerode still belonged to the Plessow manor. The owner was Fritz von Rochow, who leased the entire Plessow manor to Emil Marschallek in Groß Kreutz.

Not until 1921 is Kammerode listed as a separate manor. At that time it belonged to Hans Wichard von Rochow (1898–1945) on Stülpe. The property was then leased in plots. The forester Wiesbach was responsible for the large forest. Niekammer's agricultural address book of the manors, estates and farms of the province of Brandenburg from 1929 now lists Kammerode again under the manor Plessow, which is only given as a summary as 2765 hectares in size. The owner Hans Wichard von Rochow had the manager Dr. von Rohr hired the forester Carstens for the large forest areas. Hans Wichard von Rochow remained in possession of the Plessow estate until his death in the last days of the Second World War. In 1946 the large estate was expropriated and divided.

War memorial
Population development from 1772 to 1925
year 1772 1801 1817 1837 1858 1875 1890 1910 1925
Residents 37 61 68 83 88 110 145 132 112

Communal history

Kammerode is located in the old landscape of the Zauche, from which the Zauche Circle was formed in the late Middle Ages and early modern times . With the district reform of 1816/17, the Zauchesche was combined with former Saxon areas to form the Zauch-Belzig district , which lasted until 1952. With the district reform of 1952, the place was united to the Potsdam-Land district , which was merged with other districts in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district in the 1993 district reform.

Kammerode originally belonged to Potsdam Castle as an accessory, but must have essentially come to the von Rochow family before 1375. Only the higher court and the services remained sovereign. But the rights must have come to the von Rochows in the further course of the story. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Kammerode belonged to the von Rochow auf Plessow family. Kammerode was in 1861 and also in 1871 a rural community with the Vorwerk Resau, not an estate district. With the formation of the districts in the province of Brandenburg in 1874 , the parish and manor district Kammerode was assigned to the district 14 Plessow of the district Zauch-Belzig. Resau was a separate manor district. This means that the two estate districts Kammerode and Resau were formed between 1871 and 1874. Lehnschulzengutowner Rietz from Bliesendorf was elected head of the district of Plessow, and Hoffmann in Plessow was elected as his deputy. In 1895 Kammerode was designated as a colony and estate, with a parish and estate district. It had 85 inhabitants. Resau is also listed as a colony and Vorwerk with an estate and municipality. At that time it had 28 inhabitants.

In 1900 the Kammerode municipality had only 26 hectares, the Kammerode manor district 1291 hectares including the former Resau manor district. With effect from September 30, 1928, the rural community Kammerode including Resau was combined with the rural community Ferch to form the community Ferch. The Kammerode manor district was divided up, the greater part including Resau came to the rural community of Ferch. The district at that time was not connected, but separated into two parts by a strip of the Bliesendorfer district reaching far to the south. In 1929 the Resau residential area was separated from the western part of the former Kammerode district and connected to Bliesendorf. In 1931, Kammerode was Ferch's place of residence, in 1973 Kammerode was a district. On October 20, 1992, the three communities Caputh, Ferch and Geltow merged to form the Schwielowsee office . They finally formed the community Schwielowsee on December 31, 2002. Caputh, Ferch and Geltow are now districts, Kammerode is living space in the district of Ferch.

Church history

In 1375 Kammerode was Kirchdorf as the two parish hooves show. The low number of parish hooves indicates that the parish was founded before the Brandenburg tithe dispute between 1210 and 1238. Around 1450 Kammerode was formally a daughter church of Bliesendorf. The place no longer existed, but the tithe still had to be paid from the cultivated areas of the Feldmark. In 1541, the patron saint of Rochow was asked to return the tithes of the desert Feldmark Kammerode, which had been withdrawn from the parish in Bliesendorf about 18 years ago, to the pastor in Bliesendorf. In 1558 the pastor received two hooves on the Kammerode field, which yielded 30 almonds (1 almond grain = 2 meatballs, 4 meatballs = a bushel, i.e. 15 bushels). In 1775 and later Kammerode was parish off to Bliesendorf.

Ground monument

On both sides of the district boundaries of Bliesendorf (northern part of corridor 4 Bliesendorf) and Ferch (westernmost part of corridor 1 Ferch) lies the Lütkendorf desert, on whose field the Resau residential area is located and which also extended to the former Kammerode area.

literature

  • Peter R. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg part V Zauch-Belzig. Böhlau, Weimar 1977, pp. 183/84.
  • Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940, p. 220.

Source edition

  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, 8th volume. 506 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 (hereinafter abbreviated to Riedel, CDB, A 8 with the corresponding page number and certificate number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, 8th volume. 506 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (Urk. Nr. 93, S. 167)
  2. ↑ Reinhard Fischer: Brandenburg name book part 1 Zauche. (Berlin contributions to name research; Vol. 1), Böhlau, Weimar, 1967, p. 73.
  3. ^ A b c Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Second volume. Containing the Mittelmark and Ukermark. VIII, 583 p., Berlin, Maurer, 1805 Online at Google Books , p. 390.
  4. ^ A b Richard Boeckh: Local statistics of the government district of Potsdam with the city of Berlin. 276 p., Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, 1861 Online at Google Books , p. 152/53.
  5. ↑ Paul Ellerholz, Ernst Kirstein, Traugott Müller, W. Gerland and Georg Volger: Handbuch des Grundbesitz im Deutschen Reiche. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 3rd improved edition, 310 pp., Berlin, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1896, pp. 276/77.
  6. ^ Ernst Seyfert (ed.): Goods address book for the province of Brandenburg. List of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province with details of the property properties, the net income from property tax, the total area and area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the property, tenants and administrators of the Post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the estate, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and administrative districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons, the manual of the royal authorities as well a map of the province of Brandenburg at a scale of 1: 1,000,000. XLV, 433 pp., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1914, pp. 204/05.
  7. ↑ R. Stricker, with the participation of the authorities and chambers of agriculture (ed.): Handbuch des Grundbesitzes im Deutschen Reiche. Brandenburg Province. Complete address book of all manors, estates and larger farms with details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, as well as the telephone connections, the property property, the property tax net income, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, livestock exploitation, animal breeding and special crops, industrial facilities, courts and administrative districts, along with an alphabetical register of places and persons, an overview of the agricultural and structural conditions of the respective part of the country, a directory of the agricultural authorities and associations, cooperatives and industrial companies, as well as an exact map. 6th completely revised edition, 296 pp., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1921, pp. 276/77.
  8. ↑ Ernst Seyfert, Hans Wehner, Alexander Haußknecht, Ludwig Hogrefe (eds.): Agricultural address book of the manors, estates and farms of the province of Brandenburg: List of all manors, estates and farms from approx. 20 ha upwards with information on the property, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, the livestock, the company's own industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, the regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons , a directory of the most important government agencies and agencies, agricultural associations and corporations. 4th increased and improved edition, 464 p., Leipzig, Verlag von Niekammer's address books, Leipzig, 1929 (Niekammer's goods address books Volume VII), p. 177.
  9. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 November 19, Potsdam-Mittelmark district PDF
  10. ^ A b Anton Friedrich Büsching: Complete topography of the Mark Brandenburg. Verlag der Buchhandlung der Realschule, Berlin 1775, p. 42.
  11. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian State and their population. According to the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. II. Province of Brandenburg. Verlag der Königliche Statistischen Bureaus (Dr. Engel), Berlin 1873. Online at Google Books , p. 66.
  12. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, first supplement to the 30th issue of the Official Journal of July 24, 1874, pp. 1-6. Online at Google Books , here p. 3.
  13. ↑ a b F. Mauer: Alphabetical index of all the localities and districts located in the administrative district of Potsdam, together with a list of the associated chief forester's offices and district commands. 296 p., A. Stein's publishing house, Potsdam 1897, p. 42/43, p, 210/11.
  14. ↑ Official Gazette for the Potsdam administrative region, special edition No. 7 of October 4, 1928, municipal district changes, pp. 317–340, here p. 319, no. 744.
  15. ^ Service portal of the state administration of the state of Brandenburg: Schwielowsee municipality

Coordinates: 52 ° 19 ′ 29 ″  N , 12 ° 53 ′ 56 ″  E