Wildlife Park West
The Wildpark-West part of the municipality belongs to the Geltow part of the Schwielowsee municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district .
location
Wildpark-West is located in the forest on the banks of the Havel opposite the island town of Werder . Wildpark West was known as Gallin until 1928.
history
In 1339 the Golyn meadow was first mentioned by name in a court document. With the history of the Gallin meadow, around 700 years of history of the Havelland can also be viewed.
The Gallin was part of the fiefdom of the lords of Gelt, also Geltt or Geltow . It was loaned to Lehnin Monastery as a resting place as early as 1242 . In this oldest document from 1242, the meadow is not mentioned by name, but the landlord of Gelt, a knight by the name of Baldevinus Trest , was allowed to do so with confirmation from the Margraves Johann I and Otto III. borrow four hooves (30 ha ) from his fiefdom to the Lehnin monastery for the salvation of his wife. In the regest , in the short version of the text, there is the Latin word contulit with the meaning to give , so it was neither given away nor given into the property. The court and arbitration proceedings documented in the 14th and 15th centuries show that the Golyn meadow was in question as early as 1242 .
In 1317, Margrave Waldemar gave the island of Werder to the Lehnin monastery. Since then, the monastery has also had the Golyn meadow opposite the island used by its Werder subjects for agriculture. This use by the monastery was not right for the landlords of Gelt and they challenged the monastery for the right of use. The first court document on this dispute was drawn up on November 8, 1339 in the rural town of Nauen . However, the landlords of Gelt, Henning von Gelt, Koppekinus and Kilian von der Gröben and their relatives from Spandau had to leave the Golyn meadow to the Lehnin monastery . For the next 225 years, the Lehnin monastery claimed the Gallin as its property. But the landlords of Gelt fought bitterly for this piece of earth until 1474.
The residents of Werder managed the Gallin for more than 360 years, first for the Lehnin monastery, then from 1542 to 1685 as tenants on the domain of the Lehnin office . Elector Friedrich Wilhelm , the Great Elector, dissolved the Werderaner leases in 1685 and paid compensation of 2,600 Reichstalers .
He settled Swiss colonists on the Gallin and Golmer Bruch in order to promote cattle and dairy farming in the Mark. In the autumn of 1685 three large farmhouses for Swiss colonists were built on the Gallin. The former domain, administered by Amt Lehnin, became the domain Vorwerk Gallin. The Swiss came from the Bern area and the Aargau , they ran arable and livestock farming on the Gallin. After the long-term leases finally expired in 1722, the Swiss colonists only lived in neighboring Nattwerder , Golm and Töplitz .
In the course of 140 years there have been the following tenants on the Gallin
- Georg Graf von Schlieben with the Royal Parforce hunt ,
- the Potsdam military orphanage ,
- Bornstedter Kossaten and
- the guild of the Potsdam butchers. The butchers' guild acquired the Gallin as their property in 1851. The name was now no longer "Domain Vorwerk Gallin", but " Gut Gallin".
In 1864 the butchers' guild sold Gallin to the Hohenzollern family , and it became their private property. The name of the Gallin was from now on from the royal manor district Gallin . The Gallin was reforested and connected to the Royal Wildlife Park as a hunting area. Were planted pines , birches , Book and oaks . Four avenues have been laid out over the years: the Königspromenade (today Waidmannspromenade) with four rows of oaks, the path to Bornstedt as Eichenallee (today Fuchsweg), the Kastanienallee (today Amselweg) and the Pappelallee , formerly the road to Galliner and Golmer Damm (today Schweizer Straße). In 1694, Elector Friedrich III. Have the first duck catcher set up in the adjacent area of the Gallin with the little duck catcher . Here the Hohenzollern court table was to be enriched. The court building inspector Ludwig Persius built the duck catcher house in 1841, parts of which are still preserved today.
In 1878 the merger with the Bornstedt Crown Estate took place and the new Crown Estate was named Crown Estate Bornstedt-Gallin . In 1928 the parts of Bornstedt-Gallin were divided again. A new settlement history began on the Gallin. The Hohenzollern house had the Gallin parceled out by a company and sold plot by plot and built on if necessary. As early as 1926, Wilhelm Görrissen settled on the Reichsbahn premises on the so-called "Hörnchen". There he founded his small shipyard in 1928, which still exists today.
From 1928 Otto v. Estorff & Gerhard Winkler villa settlement with the name Wildpark-West planned. Between 1933 and 1944, the two Potsdam architects determined the entire construction process in the estate with their designs. Almost all country houses, residential houses, small brick weekend houses, all wooden houses and even the standardized equipment sheds have been built according to your designs. Only a few clients have had houses built in Wildpark-West by other companies, but according to the specifications of the architects' office. The first two residential houses were semi-detached and were completed in autumn 1933 in Eichenallee and Am Wasserwerk . By 1938 only 45 houses and around 12 to 15 small weekend houses had been built from wood and also brick.
At the beginning of 1945, 230 residents are said to have been registered in the settlement. They lived in about 65 massive homes . There could have been more than 70 wooden weekend gazebos (makeshift shelters). In April 1945, 450 people were believed to have lived in the settlement, including displaced persons from East Germany and bomb refugees, Berliners and Potsdamers. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, many holiday properties were built by state-owned businesses in Wildpark West. In the following years, many high-ranking officers and generals of the NVA also built their homes . There was also a regular ferry connection to the opposite island of Werder.
In mid-2007, 771 people were registered in Wildpark West, 101 of whom had their second residence in the settlement. In 2008, 527 residents in Wildpark West had the right to vote. Two years later, in October 2010, the number of residents with the right to vote increased to 605.
literature
- Municipal office of Geltow (ed.): Geliti - Geltow. Festschrift: 1000 years of Geltow . Local history considerations, Potsdam 1993.
- Marianna von Klinski-Wetzel, Gerhard Mieth: Wildlife Park West on the Havel - The history of the meadow Gallin , Potsdam 2008. Table of contents
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 23 ' N , 12 ° 57' E