Bird bunk
A decoy (from Dutch: Kooi "cage, crate, stable," high German: bunk ; also duck decoy , Entenkoy or Entenfang ) is a means for catching wild ducks used.
Layout and function
At the corners of an artificial pond, four "pipes" were usually laid out, which were spanned with nets. In the end there were pots . With the help of tamed decoys were during migration of wild ducks in these traps lured where they from berths man or berths waiting "curled" waiting for the bunk and looked after, or were "curled", that is, they were killed by inversion of the neck. In the Netherlands a special breed of dog, the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje , arose , which was trained to drive the ducks into the pipes. Fox-like dogs or dogs disguised as foxes were also used in the duck bunks in other places.
Thousands of ducks were caught in the individual bird berths. Thus, in the Amrumer Vogelkoje Meeram 417,569 ducks caught 1867-1935 total (an average of 17 ducks per day), mostly pintails , wigeon and teal . In the Alte Oevenumer Koje on Föhr , 3,033,579 ducks were caught between 1730 and 1983 (an average of 33 ducks per day). The species that were caught varied from bird bunk to bird bunk.
history
Duck bunks were set up in the Netherlands as early as the 13th century. There were thousands of duck bunks, which were a typical feature of the landscape of the Rhine-Meuse delta . According to information from 2008, 118 systems have been preserved in the delta, which today often serve nature conservation.
Duck bunks were well established in England in the 17th century. There were over 100 duck bunks; most of them lay in a strip about 50 kilometers wide along the east coast of the country. Often existing waters were converted into duck berths. In the 1980s, an existing bunk in Abbotsbury, Dorset was used for ringing ducks.
From around the 17th century onwards, aristocrats also built ante bunks in the Münsterland , for example in Landersum . In 1690 the ducal court of Celle (Duke Georg Wilhelm ) had an entekoje built in Boye . The Kleiner Entenfängerteich , a duck catching facility in the wildlife park near Potsdam, was also built around 1690 .
Bird booths have also been set up on the North Frisian Islands based on the Dutch model since the 18th century . After all, there were six on Föhr, four on Sylt , two each on Amrum and Nordstrand and one bird bunk on Pellworm . Four bird berths were also built on the Danish Wadden Sea island of Fanø at the end of the 19th century. Most of the bird beds in North Frisia were closed again in the 20th century. Some bird berths have been preserved to this day; they mostly serve tourist purposes. On Föhr, ducks are still caught in individual bird berths.
On the Upper Rhine , the facilities are known as Entenkoy or Entenfang . In the 1580s, the margrave of Baden, Ernst Friedrich , put a duck koy into operation, which was located in the Elfmorgenbruch near Durlach . The Entenkoy in Memprechtshofen was founded in 1721 on the initiative of the last Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg , Johann Reinhard III. , set up. The Entenkoy, which was last run privately, was closed in 1932 due to a decree by the Baden Ministry of the Interior. The state was of the opinion that this type of duck fishing was not in accordance with hunting principles. According to Robert Lauterborn , who visited Memprechtshofen several times, mallards were mainly caught. The complex was shielded from the outside by a moat and a high wooden fence, as wild ducks are easily put off by even minor disturbances and then avoid the suspicious place for days. Other duck coys were in Sandhofen near Mannheim, in Biebesheim in Rheinhessen and in Guémar in Alsace.
The ducks were not only caught for fresh consumption, they were also pickled and exported in kegs.
literature
- Martin Rheinheimer : The bunk man. Man and nature in the Wadden Sea 1860–1900. Wachholtz, Neumünster 2007, ISBN 978-3-529-02776-5 .
- H.-J. Deppe: Duck bunks and duck train - attempt to evaluate the catch results of North Frisian duck bunks. In: Die Vogelwelt 106 (1985), 1-24.
- Hans Rudolf Hilty: Bird berths in North Frisia . Hansen & Hansen, Münsterdorf 1978.
- Manfred Wedemeyer : The Vogelkoje Kampen. A Sylt nature reserve. Boyens, Heide 1974.
Web links
Individual evidence
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↑ Oliver Rackham : The History of the Countryside. Weidenfels & Nicolson, London 1995, ISBN 0-297-81622-5 , p. 367;
Robert Lauterborn: 50 years of research on the Rhine. Life and work of a German natural scientist. Lavori, Freiburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-935737-04-3 , p. 276. - ↑ H.-J. Deppe: Duck bunks and duck train - attempt to evaluate the catch results of North Frisian duck bunks. In: Die Vogelwelt 106 (1985), 1-24.
- ^ Piet H. Nienhuis: Environmental History of the Rhine-Meuse Delta. An ecological story on evolving human-environmental relations coping with climate change and sea-level rise. Springer, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-1-4020-8211-5 , p. 187.
- ^ Rackham, The History of the Countryside , p. 366 f.
- ↑ History of the Duck Trapping Boye
- ↑ Peter Güß: The historical Entenkoy or Entenfang im Elfmorgenbruch. (Accessed September 20, 2016).
- ↑ Heinz Großholz: The former duck fishing at Memprechtshofen. In: The Ortenau: Journal of the Historical Association for Central Baden. 1980 (60) pp. 323-341, here pp. 324, 340 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Lauterborn, 50 Years of Research on the Rhine , p. 275.
- ↑ Lauterborn, 50 Years of Research on the Rhine , p. 276.