Hans Killian

Hans Franz Edmund Killian (born August 5, 1892 in Freiburg im Breisgau ; † March 7, 1982 ibid) was a German surgeon , university professor and writer. Hans Killian is considered one of the pioneers in German anesthesiology .

Life

Origin, studies and career entry

Hans Killian, born on Fahrenberg course and grew up in the Joseph Street in Freiburg im Breigau, was a son of at Baden Freiburg University doctor practicing as ear, nose and throat specialist Gustav Killian . After he had first attended the humanistic grammar school in Freiburg, but could not cope with the old languages ​​there, his father took him from the grammar school, received private English lessons and went to a high school, where he also passed the school leaving examination. Following the example of his father, he decided to become a doctor.

After a year of military service in an artillery regiment completed Killian, whose brother had now died in the war and whose parents had lost their war bonds-scale assets, at the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich to study medicine, which he Interrupted from 1914 to 1918 because of his participation as a mine thrower in the First World War. Awarded several times, he was discharged from the army in November 1918. He then joined a vigilante group in his hometown.

After continuing his studies, he passed the medical state examination in Freiburg in 1921 and was awarded a Dr. med. PhD . His academic teachers in Freiburg included the pharmacologist Walther Straub , to whom Killian had delivered cats for animal experiments as a teenager, and Erich Lexer , whose work had motivated him to become a surgeon and who had advised him to prepare scientifically.

After completing his medical internship, he received his license to practice medicine in 1922 . He spent his internship at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin , at the Pharmacological Institute at the University of Munich and, most recently, from 1925 at the Surgical Clinic of the Medical Academy in Düsseldorf .

Senior physician and associate professor in Freiburg

In 1928 Killian, following his Düsseldorf boss Eduard Rehn , moved to Freiburg im Breisgau, where Gustav Killian had already taught for a long time. There habilitated Hans Killian in 1930 for surgery and orthopedics. He worked as a private lecturer and from 1931 as a senior physician under Eduard Rehn at the Freiburg University Surgical Clinic in the Black Forest , where he constructed and operated the first German permanent anesthesia system. He was appointed associate professor in 1935 and served as a civil servant in 1939.

family

His first marriage was to the dancer Luise Niddy Impekoven . The marriage entered into in 1923 remained childless and was divorced in 1929. From 1939 he was married to the ENT doctor Trude Bornhauser for the second time. The couple had two sons. The Killians' apartment was in a suburb of Freiburg until the 1940s.

time of the nationalsocialism

As part of the takeover , he joined in the spring of 1933 the steel helmet, League of Front Soldiers at which the following year in the Sturmabteilung was transferred. In the SA he became a medical troop leader. In addition, he became a member of the National Socialist German Workers 'Party ( membership number 3.459.170) and the Nazi lecturers' association . His book Facies dolorosa , published in 1934, was criticized by some Nazi doctors because of the photographs it contained with faces contorted with pain. He is also said to have been temporarily monitored by the Secret State Police . In 1938 he was not allowed to travel to the medical congress in Chicago, which is why he was sent an award to Freiburg for his services to anesthesia research. Since he favored Coramin, which he researched and considered to be effective against sleeping pills, over domestic preparations, he was accused of having financed the Ciba-Basel , which produced this drug, through "Jewish capital". Planned appointments to chairs for surgery at the University of Kiel and later at the Reich University of Strasbourg did not materialize.

On May 10, 1940, the day of the first air raid on Freiburg, Killian was involved in organizing the emergency service in the Freiburg clinic.

Military doctor in World War II

During the Second World War he first set up the surgical department of the reserve hospital in Strasbourg . After the attack on the Soviet Union , he was from the beginning of July 1941 consulting surgeon (medical officer) of the 16th Army in northern Russia. He was promoted to senior staff physician . At the end of 1942, according to Erwin Ding-Schuler , Killian took part in a meeting on the fatal effects of gas fire at the Military Medical Academy in Berlin "at which Ding-Schuler was commissioned to kill prisoners with phenol in order to test gas fire sera".

Full professor in Wroclaw

In 1943 Killian was appointed to the chair of surgery at the Silesian Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Breslau, where he worked as professor and director of the surgical university clinic until the beginning of 1945 after he left Freiburg. He was also an advisory surgeon for Lower Silesia . In 1944 he was a member of the scientific advisory board of the authorized representative for health care Karl Brandt (Hitler's attending physician and former assistant to Ferdinand Sauerbruch, who also worked at the Wroclaw Clinic until 1905 and who, together with Johann von Mikulicz, created the basics of thoracic surgery there ). At the Surgical University Clinic, he carried out a research project on penicillin that was classified as essential to the war effort.

Before the Battle of Breslau in February 1945, Killian left the city in the course of the evacuation, leaving behind his personal belongings and scientific material, and ended up as a refugee in Halle (Saale) .

After the Second World War

According to his own statements, he was in US and Soviet captivity from spring 1945 to August 12, 1945. After that, Killian worked until July 31, 1946 as chief physician in the wounded department of the Elisabeth Hospital in Halle and as a consultant surgeon in the Halle area and the surrounding area. After a phase of unemployment, he received a research assignment from the Central Administration for Health Care in Berlin.

In the course of the Nuremberg medical trial , he made two affidavits in favor of the defendant Joachim Mrugowsky .

In May 1947 he became director of the Baden-Baden Hospital and practiced as a freelance surgeon in Freiburg and in the French military hospital of Donaueschingen from 1949 . As a member of the Freiburg faculty, he retired in 1957 . He retired in 1968.

plant

His main research interests were general surgery as well as cardiac and trauma surgery. In addition, Killian devoted himself in particular to questions relating to anesthesia. In 1928 he co-founded the specialist journal Anesthesia and Anesthesia and in 1934 the author of the pioneering standard work Anesthesia for Surgical Purposes . Together with the doctors Helmut Schmidt and Hellmut Weese , Killian is considered the "Nestor of today's anesthesiology in Germany". He was a member of many medical associations and a corresponding member of foreign scientific associations and has been honored several times for his commitment. As a result of his efforts to professionalize anesthesia since the 1920s when the German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine was founded, he was awarded honorary membership with two other medical colleagues. In 1960/61 he was the first chairman of the professional association of German surgeons . In 1969, Killian was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, 1st class. He was the author of numerous medical specialist publications and a novelist, most of whose books were reprinted several times and published in several languages.

His memories, published in the book Behind Us Only the Lord stands , were the template for the five-part television series, first broadcast on ARD in 1972, A surgeon remembers about the profession and calling of the doctor. He was also a passionate violinist and painter. His pictures, which are in a medical context, have titles such as nocturnal operation , the prognosis , anesthesia , the experiment or the martyrdom of women .

Fonts

• Anesthesia for surgical purposes. Springer, Berlin 1934.
• Facies dolorosa: the face full of pain. Thieme, Leipzig 1934 (illustrated book).
• Pneumatopathies: diseases caused by physics. Gas effects (pneumatoceles, gas emphysema and cyst. Pneumatoses). Enke, Stuttgart 1939 (belongs to: New German Surgery; Volume 60)
• Master of Surgery and the surgeon schools in Germany: Germany, Austria, German-speaking Switzerland. Thieme, Stuttgart 1951 (together with Gertrud Krämer); 2nd edition (under the title Master of Surgery and the Surgery Schools in the Entire German-Speaking Area ) ibid 1980.
• with Axel Dörnhardt: resuscitation. Thieme, Stuttgart 1955.
• Only the Lord God stands behind us. Sub umbra dei. A surgeon remembers. Kindler, Munich 1957; Paperback edition: Herder, Freiburg / Basel / Vienna 1967; 10th edition 1975, ISBN 3-451-01779-2 . (Further licensed editions also under a different main title, e.g. A surgeon remembers. )
• Gustav Killian, his life, his work: Zugl. e. Contribution to history d. Bronchology and Laryngology. Dustri, Remscheid-Lennep 1958.
• In the shadow of victories: Surgeon am Ilmensee 1941–1942 - 1943. Ehrenwirth, Munich 1964.
• 40 years of anesthesia research: experiences a. Adventures. Publishing house d. German Hochschullehrer-Zeitung, Tübingen 1964.
• The cold accident: general hypothermia. Dustri, Deisenhofen / Munich 1966.
• As long as the heart beats. Surgeon's Records. Kindler, Munich 1967.
• Dance of death on the Hartmannsweiler head: 1914–1917. Vowinckel, Neckargemünd 1971.
• For life and death: vita somnium breve. Kindler, Munich 1973.
• There is light overnight: the fight against sepsis. Kindler, Munich 1976.
• We stormed through Friuli. Vowinckel, Neckargemünd 1978.
• The cheerful diagnosis: anecdotes about famous doctors. Kindler, Munich 1982.

literature

• Heinrich Bürkle de la Camp (Ed.): Surgeons directory , 5th edition. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York 1969, ISBN 3-642-49513-3 , p. 454 ff.
• Ludwig Brandt, M. Goerig, U. Artmeier-Brandt: Hans Franz Edmund Killian - Nestor of German anesthesia. Critical appreciation for the 125th birthday . In: The anesthesiologist. Volume 2017, issue 8.
• Hans Nolte: In Memoriam: Hans Franz Edmund Killian (1892-1982). In: Regional Anesthesia. Volume 10, No. 3, (July-September) 1985, pp. 152-153.
• Christoph Weißer: Surgeon Lexicon: 2000 personalities from the history of surgery , Springer 2019, ISBN 978-3-662-59238-0 , p. 162.

Web links

• Literature by and about Hans Killian in the catalog of the German National Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Walter Habel (Ed.): Who is who? The German Who's Who . 16th edition, Arani Verlag, Berlin 1970, ISBN 3-7605-2007-3 , p. 622.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Hans Killian: There is only God behind us. Sub umbra dei. A surgeon remembers. Kindler, Munich 1957; here: Licensed edition as Herder paperback (= Herder library. Volume 279). Herder, Freiburg / Basel / Vienna 1975, ISBN 3-451-01779-2 .
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Gerd Simon: Chronology of Hans Killian on http://homepages.uni-tuebingen.de/gerd.simon/
4. ^ ^{A b} Heinrich Bürkle de la Camp: List of surgeons. Berlin / Heidelberg 1969, p. 454.
5. ↑ Geertje Andresen: Once the third celebrity next to Mary Wigman and Valeska Gert: Niddy Impekoven
6. ↑ Who is who? The German who's who. 21st edition, Verlag Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1981, ISBN 3-7950-2002-6 , p. 599.
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Poison from the Amazon. In the past fatal, today beneficial . In: Der Spiegel . Edition 30/1949, July 21, 1949, p. 27.
8. ↑ Ernst Gerber: In the service of the Red Cross: a diary 1941/1942. F. Wuensche, Berlin 2002, p. 11.
9. ↑ ^{a b c} Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 , p. 308
10. ↑ Ernst Klee: Auschwitz, Nazi medicine and its victims. 3. Edition. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1997, ISBN 3-596-14906-1 , p. 262 f.
11. ↑ Albrecht Scholz, Thomas Barth, Anna-Sophia Pappai and Axel Wacker: The fate of the teaching staff of the Medical Faculty in Breslau after the expulsion in 1945/46. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 24, 2005, pp. 497-533, here: pp. 526 f.
12. ↑ Albrecht Scholz, Thomas Barth, Anna-Sophia Pappai and Axel Wacker: The fate of the teaching staff of the Medical Faculty in Breslau after the expulsion in 1945/46. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 24, 2005, pp. 497-533, here: p. 527 (cited) with note 254.
13. ↑ ^{a b} Volume of the microfiche edition: With an introduction by Angelika Ebbinghaus to the history of the process and short biographies of those involved in the process. P. 112. Karsten Linne (Ed.): The Nuremberg Medical Process 1946/47. Verbal transcripts, prosecution and defense material, sources on the environment. Published by Klaus Dörner , German edition, microfiche edition, Munich 1999 on behalf of the Hamburg Foundation for Social History of the 20th Century .
14. ↑ Albrecht Scholz, Thomas Barth, Anna-Sophia Pappai and Axel Wacker: The fate of the teaching staff of the Medical Faculty in Breslau after the expulsion in 1945/46. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 24, 2005, pp. 497-533, here: pp. 514 and 527.
15. ↑ Christoph Weißer: Surgeon Lexicon: 2000 Personalities from the History of Surgery , Springer 2019, ISBN 978-3-662-59238-0 , p. 162
16. ↑ Hans Nolte: In Memoriam: Hans Franz Edmund Killian (1892-1982). In: Regional Anesthesia. July / August / September 1985, Volume 10, Issue 3, pp. 152-153.
17. ^ L. Brandt, M. Goerig, U. Artmeier-Brandt: Hans Franz Edmund Killian - Nestor of German anesthesia. Critical appreciation for the 125th birthday . In: Der Anaesthesist , Edition 8/2017 ( summary )
18. ^ J. Schulte am Esch, M. Goerig: The development of anesthesia after 1945. In: Jürgen Schüttler (Hrsg.): 50 years of the German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Tradition and innovation. Springer, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-540-00057-7 , p. 188.
19. ↑ bdc.de ( Memento of the original dated December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
20. ^ Freiburg: regional council; Federal Cross of Merit 1st class for Prof. Dr. Hans Killian, presented by the District President Person  in the German Digital Library
21. ↑ fernsehserien.de
22. ↑ Hans Killian: A surgeon remembers. Sub umbra dei - there is only God behind us. License issue from Behind us is only the Lord God. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh, cover text.