Adolf von Wilbrandt
Adolf Johann Albrecht Frierich Enoch von Wilbrandt (born August 24, 1837 in Rostock ; † June 10, 1911 there ) was a German writer and director of the Burgtheater in Vienna .
Life
Adolf von Wilbrandt, the fifth of nine children of Professor Christian Wilbrandt , began studying law in his hometown , but soon switched to history and philology and continued his studies in Berlin and Munich . After his doctorate as Dr. phil. he worked in the editorial department of the Münchner Neuesten Nachrichten , the forerunner of the Süddeutsche Zeitung .
After extensive travels, he moved to Vienna in 1871, where he married the Imperial and Royal Hofburg actress Auguste Baudius two years later . On November 10, 1881, he was appointed director of the Burgtheater in Vienna as the successor to Franz von Dingelstedt , a position he held until his return to Rostock in 1887. His wife stayed in Vienna on his return. As early as 1884 Wilbrandt was raised to the personal, non-hereditary nobility by the award of the Maximilian Order by the Bavarian King Ludwig II and has since been called von Wilbrandt , but he did not use the title of nobility in any of his subsequent publications.
Services
Wilbrandt wrote time-critical key novels from the Munich circle of poets, historical tragedies and poems. In 1877 he was awarded one of three Schiller prizes donated by the German Kaiser Wilhelm I for his dramatic work .
Wilbrandt also worked as a translator , including translating several plays by Sophocles ( King Oedipus and others) that he performed in Vienna, as well as works by William Shakespeare .
With Fridolin's secret marriage , he probably published the first “gay” novel in German literature in 1875, even if it is not a masterpiece and stylistically often resembles the retelling of a tabloid theater performance. At least it's the first gay novel with a happy ending . The American Clara Bell translated the novel in 1884, making Fridolin's mystical marriage the first literary document of male love in America. The model for the figure of the bisexual Fridolin is the Rostock art historian Friedrich Eggers , who came to Vienna with Wilbrandt. In his autobiographical work From Twenty to Thirty , Wilbrandt's friend Theodor Fontane wrote that Eggers had “freely drawn from life” in his “charming story”. Wilbrandt is concerned about an undefined male-female identity:
- Which therefore seek their complement - since every sex strives for its spiritual complement - both to the right and to the left, both in the man and in the woman; whose magnetic needle points soon to the north pole of masculinity, soon to the south pole of femininity. Which one ... unfortunately has to be called tragic phenomena: because they seek their complement, but they do not find it. Are you looking for the man? Only the female half of her soul seeks the man. The other half don't; she has the man in herself. Are you looking for the woman? Only this other half of her soul searches for the woman. They cannot complement each other because they are already complemented. You are married to yourself. You live with yourself in a secret marriage.
Quote
Give a person all the gifts of the earth and take away the ability of enthusiasm, and you condemn him to eternal death.
Awards and honors
- 1875 Grillparzer Prize for Gracchus the People's Tribune
- 1878 Schiller Prize for Kriemhild
- 1884 Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
- 1887 Order of the Iron Crown
- 1890 Grillparzer Prize for The Master of Palmyra
- 1919 Name of Wilbrandtgasse in Vienna- Währing (18th district) and Döbling (19th district)
- Adolf-Wilbrandt-Strasse in Rostock and Schwerin
- around 1884 portrait bust of Caspar von Zumbusch , Burgtheater, north staircase.
Works (selection)
- Ghosts and people . Beck, Nördlingen 1864. ( digitized volume 1 ), ( volume 2 ), ( volume 3 )
- Heimath (1867)
- The Licentiate (1868)
- The murderer (ca.1869)
- Unreachable . Comedy in one act. Bloch, Berlin 1870
- The count v. Hammerstein . Historical drama in five acts. Straub, Munich 1869. ( digitized version )
- The painters . Comedy in three acts. Rosner, Vienna 1872. ( digitized version )
- Gracchus the tribune of the people . Tragedy in five acts. Rosner, Vienna 1872. ( digitized version )
- Arria and Messalina . Tragedy in five acts. Rosner, Vienna 1874. ( digitized version )
- A struggle for existence . Comedy in three acts. Rosner, Vienna 1873. ( digitized version )
- Fridolin's secret marriage . Told from memories and messages. Rosner, Vienna 1875. ( [4 ,% 22view% 22:% 22info% 22} digitized version])
- Nero . Acting in five acts. Rosner, Vienna 1876. ( digitized version )
- Kriemhild . Tragedy in three acts. Rosner, Vienna 1877. ( digitized version )
- The daughter of Mr. Fabricius . Play in four acts. (1883) ( digital version of the 1901 edition )
- The Master of Palmyra . Dramatic poetry in five acts. Cotta, Stuttgart 1889. ( digitized 5th edition 1896 )
- Adam's sons . Novel. Hertz, Berlin 1890. ( digitized version )
- Herman Ifinger . Novel. Cotta, Stuttgart 1892. ( Digitized 4th edition 1896)
- The Rothenburg . Novel. Cotta, Stuttgart 1895 ( digitized version of the 3rd edition, 1896 )
- Easter Island . Novel. Cotta, Stuttgart 1895. ( digitized version )
- Hildegard Mahlmann . Novel. Cotta, Stuttgart 1897. ( digitized version )
- Franz . Novel. Cotta, Stuttgart 1901. ( digitized version )
- The living picture and other stories . Cotta, Stuttgart 1901. ( digitized version )
- The rose garden . Novella. Keil, Leipzig 1903.
- Shackles . Novel. Cotta, Stuttgart and Berlin 1904. ( digitized version )
- Summer threads . Novel. Cotta, Stuttgart 1907.
- Demons and other stories . Cotta, Stuttgart and Berlin 1908. ( digitized version )
- Hiddensee (1910), new edition from 2009, Ed. Ute Fritsch, ISBN 978-3-931911-37-9
- Johann Ohlerich . In: German Novellenschatz . Edited by Paul Heyse and Hermann Kurz. Vol. 7. 2nd ed. Berlin, [1910], pp. 267-332. In: Weitin, Thomas (Ed.): Fully digitized corpus. The German Novellenschatz . Darmstadt / Konstanz, 2016 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
Letters
- 5 letters from Adolf Wilbrandt to Dethloff Carl Hinstorff September 22, 1874 to December 23, 1875
- 25 letters and cards from Adolf Wilbrandt to various recipients June 24, 1863 to March 11, 1910
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Wilbrandt, Adolf . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 56th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1888, pp. 102-109 ( digitized version ).
- Victor Klemperer: Adolf Wilbrandt. A study of his works. Stuttgart u. a. 1907.
- Eduard Scharrer-Santen: Adolf Wilbrandt as a playwright. Sachs, Munich / Leipzig 1912 (also dissertation Munich 1912).
- Franz Horch: The Burgtheater under Laube and Wilbrandt. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1925.
- Karl Jacobs: The dramatic poem of Adolf Wilbrandt in contemporary history and critical representation. Cologne, Univ., Diss., 1929.
- Robert Wilbrandt: My father Adolf Wilbrandt. Austrian business publisher Payer, Vienna / Berlin / Zurich 1937.
- James Steakley and Wolfram Setz: Epilogue. In: Adolf Wilbrandt, Fridolin's secret marriage. Swarm of men, Hamburg 2010. ISBN 978-3-939542-52-0 .
- Stefan Siebert [Ed.]: Adolf Wilbrandt: a literary life between Rostock and Vienna. University Library, Rostock 2013. ISBN 978-3-86009-146-3 (= publications of the University Library Rostock , Volume 141; for the exhibition from May 27 to August 26, 2011 in the Rostock University Library , Michaeliskloster).
Web links
- Literature by and about Adolf von Wilbrandt in the catalog of the German National Library
- Literature about Adolf von Wilbrandt in the state bibliography MV
- Works by Adolf von Wilbrandt at Zeno.org .
- Wilbrandt's manuscripts and letters in libraries and archives
- homowiki.de: About the novel Fridolin's secret marriage
- Adolf von Wilbrandt's estate in the house, court and state archives in Vienna
- Works by Adolf von Wilbrandt in the Gutenberg-DE project
- Adolf von Wilbrandt in the Internet Archive
Individual evidence
- ↑ See the entry of Adolf Wilbrandt's matriculation in the Rostock matriculation portal
- ↑ a b Andreas Brunner , Hannes Sulzenbacher : Schwules Wien, travel guide through the Danube metropolis , Promedia, Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-85371-131-6 , p. 40 f.
- ↑ Theodor Fontane: From twenty to thirty , F. Fontane, Berlin 1898, p. 188
- ↑ Klaus Müller : "But in my heart a voice spoke so loud ..." Homosexual autobiographies and medical pathographies in the 19th century. Foreword by Rüdiger Lautmann . Series: Homosexuality and Literature, 4th Verlag Rosa Winkel ( Männerschwarm ), 1991 ISBN 3921495202 (also Diss. Phil. University of Münster , 1990)
- ^ Fritz Reuter Literature Archive Berlin
- ^ Fritz Reuter Literature Archive Berlin
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Wilbrandt, Adolf von |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Wilbrandt, Adolf Johann Albrecht Frierich Enoch von (full name); Wilbrandt, Adolph von; Palm, Hugo (pseudonym) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German writer, director of the Vienna Burgtheater |
DATE OF BIRTH | August 24, 1837 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Rostock |
DATE OF DEATH | June 10, 1911 |
Place of death | Rostock |