Currency ring

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
During the
XVIII. Viennese district
coat of arms map
Vienna - Währing district, Wappen.svg
Innere Stadt Leopoldstadt Landstraße Wieden Margareten Mariahilf Neubau Josefstadt Alsergrund Favoriten Simmering Meidling Hietzing Penzing Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus Ottakring Hernals Währing Döbling Brigittenau Floridsdorf Donaustadt LiesingLocation of Währing in Vienna (clickable map)
About this picture
Geographic location : 48 ° 14 '  N , 16 ° 19'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 14 '  N , 16 ° 19'  E
Surface: 6.28 km²
Residents: 51,497 (January 1, 2020)
Population density : 8200 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 1180
Address of the
district office:
Martinstrasse 100
1181 Vienna
Website: www.wien.gv.at
politics
District Head : Silvia Nossek ( Greens )
District council
election 2015
9
5
12
11
3
12 11 
A total of 40 seats
Map: Währing with parts of the district
District parts of Währing

Währing is the 18th district of Vienna and is located in the north-west of Vienna on the edge of the Vienna Woods. In 1892 the former suburbs of Währing , Weinhaus , Gersthof , Pötzleinsdorf , Neustift am Walde and Salmannsdorf were incorporated and the new district was formed from them. In 1938, however, the districts of Neustift am Walde and Salmannsdorf were largely merged into the Döbling district . Today Währing is due to numerous villas (for example cottage district ) next to Hietzing and Döbling as a bourgeois noble district. Nevertheless, Währing has a considerable proportion of so-called Wilhelminian-style quarters, especially near the belt south of Gentzgasse (“Kreuzgassenviertel”).

geography

location

Währinger Gürtel, the eastern border of the municipality; in the foreground the track connection from the tram to the U6

Währing is located in the north-west of Vienna and extends over 6.28  km² over the slopes of the Vienna Woods between the Gürtel and the Höhenstraße . The district lies on both sides of the now canalized Währinger Bach, from whose banks steep hills rise. The border of the district Währing runs in the north, to the 19th district, Döbling , essentially along the line Sommerhaidenweg - Starkfriedgasse - Peter-Jordan-Straße - Hasenauerstraße. In the east, Währing borders the Alsergrund district , with the border running along the Vienna Belt since 1905 (until then it was about a block east of the Belt). The border to the 17th district in the south, Hernals , runs from the Gürtel in a north-westerly direction through built-up area and then above the Hernals cemetery along the so-called Alsrückens to the Schafberg . In the west, the border to Hernals is formed in the north by the Höhenstraße, in the south it runs along the Michaelerberg and through the Michaelerwald.

geology

Währing is bounded by two ridges in the north and south. The mountain ranges of the Schafberg and Michaelerberg are side ranges of the Vienna Woods and form the edge of the mountains against the Vienna Basin . The Währings mountains consist of multi-layered sandstone alternating with marl . The heights of Pötzleinsdorf and the Türkenschanze, however, consist of sand, in the lower elevations of Währing there are deposits of Tegel , in higher elevations mostly hard sands, rocks and rubble. Limestone was also uncovered during sewer construction work in Schafberggasse. Due to the former location on the Tethys , various remains of marine life can be found in the sands and deposits of the district. For centuries, building material was extracted in the numerous sand pits in the district.

mountains

Michaelerberg and Schafberg seen from Schwarzenbergpark

Währing is enclosed by two elongated ridges that extend from northwest to south and form the valley of the Währingerbach. In the south lies the Schafbergzug, which, starting from the Schafberg , goes over to the Kleine Schafberg (305 meters), the Mitterberg and the Ganserlberg and extends over the Gürtel. The Schafberg, largely covered with forest, is also the highest elevation in Währing at 390 meters and is located in the southwest of the district on the border with Hernals. In the north, the district area is bounded by the foothills of the Michaelerberg. The Michaelerberg, located on the western border to Hernals, is only slightly lower than the Schafberg at 387 meters and is practically completely covered by forest due to the Michaeler and Dorotheer forests. The foothills of the Michaelerberg merge into the Pötzleinsdorfer Höhe and the Windmühlhöhe and finally reach the Türkenschanze plateau in the southeast . The Ladenburghöhe , which borders the Pötzleinsdorfer Schlosspark to the south, lies between the two ridges and connects to the northeast of the Schafberg. It separates the source stream of the Dürwaring from the Währingerbach, which rises to the north.

Waters

In the 19th century, the district area was still dominated by the Währinger Bach , which rises in the Pötzleinsdorfer Schlosspark and was completely converted into a brook canal at the end of the 19th century . The stream originally ran in a deeply cut valley on the line Pötzleinsdorfer Straße-Gersthofer Straße-Gentzgasse-Aumannplatz and Währinger Straße and flowed into the Als in the Alsergrund district . With the Dürwaringbach in the area of ​​the Schafbergbad south of the Ladenburghöhe, a last, open source brook of the Währinger Bach has been preserved.

District parts

Old town center of Pötzleinsdorf

The district of Währing was formed from six formerly independent communities, with Salmannsdorf and Neustift am Walde being annexed to Döbling in 1938 . Währing remained (from east to west) the eponymous Währing as well as Weinhaus , Gersthof and Pötzleinsdorf , places that lie along the now canalized Währinger Bach . Währing is essentially divided into four cadastral communities, which roughly correspond to the boundaries of the former communities. The cadastral communities of Währing and Pötzleinsdorf also extend to the Döbling district area, while part of the cadastral community of Neustift (including Neustift cemetery ) is located in the northwest of Währing .

There is also a breakdown of the district area into the counting districts of the official statistics, in which the counting areas of the municipality are summarized. The five counting districts in Währing are Währinger Cottage, Gentzgasse, Kreuzgasse, Gersthof and Pötzleinsdorf. The boundaries of the census districts Gersthof and Pötzleinsdorf do not coincide with those of the cadastral communities of the same name.

use

The building area in Währing is 53.61 percent (33.32 percent throughout Vienna), with 92.83 percent being in residential areas. The second largest share of the district area is taken up by green spaces: 30.21 percent of the district area is made up of forests (14.42 percent), parking areas (7.9 percent), meadows (3.00 percent), allotments (2.92 percent) and Sports areas (1.32 percent) covered. The formerly important viticulture no longer plays a role, in total only 0.6 percent of the district area is used for agriculture. The third most important type of use in the Währingen district area is traffic areas, accounting for 16.2 percent of the district area, while water accounts for just 0.01 percent.

history

The village of Währing around 1850

After the incorporation of the suburbs in 1850, the discussion about the incorporation of the suburbs began in the 1870s. The initiative for this came from Währing. The lawyer Dr. Leopold Florian Meißner sent a petition to the Lower Austrian provincial committee, in which he suggested the formation of " Greater Vienna ". However, almost all of the suburbs were against the proposal.

At the opening of the Türkenschanzpark in 1888, Emperor Franz Joseph I gave a sensational speech , probably at the suggestion of Prime Minister Eduard Taaffe (see Taaffe II Ministry ), in which he hoped that the suburbs would soon be united with the imperial capital and royal seat of Vienna. As a result, the Lower Austrian state parliament decided in 1890 to unite 34 suburbs with Vienna. The law came into force in December 1890; By January 1, 1892, the unification of these suburbs with Vienna had to be fully implemented. The municipal statute published with the law united Währing , Gersthof , Pötzleinsdorf , Weinhaus , Neustift am Walde and parts of Salmannsdorf to form the 18th district of Vienna , Währing. The Währing town hall, whose original purpose can still be seen today in its prominent design, became the municipal district office.

In 1905 there was a small change in the district area at the Gürtel . Until then, the border between the 9th and 18th districts from Währinger Straße to the north had not run along the Gürtel, but one block further east through Lustkandlgasse, so that today's Volksoper belonged to the 18th district. A provincial law passed at the end of 1904 and a proclamation published by the kk Lower Austrian governor on June 7, 1905 resulted in the relocation of the district boundary to the western edge of the tram route .

Gentz-Schlössel on Währinger Strasse, 1918

From 1894 to 1918 Anton Baumann was district chairman of Währing. In 1925 the Viennese electric light rail was put into operation in the tariff association with the tram (since 1989 underground line U6 ). Währing is connected to this mode of transport with the Währinger Straße - Volksoper underground station and the Nußdorfer Straße underground station , and since 1989 with the Michelbeuern underground station , where there is a service station, with a rail link since 1925 to the tram network.

On October 15, 1938, after the "Anschluss" of Austria to the German Reich , Neustift am Walde and Salmannsdorf were separated from Währing by Reich law and added to the 19th district, Döbling .

Währing was also the center of the Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi resistance group founded by the Gersthofer chaplain and religion teacher at the Albertus Magnus School, Heinrich Maier . Franz Josef Messner , the general director of the war-important Semperit-Werke, lived at Hasenauerstrasse 61. This Catholic-conservative group is described as "perhaps the most spectacular individual group of the Austrian resistance". The aim of the group was to bring about the end of the regime of terror through a military defeat as quickly as possible and to re-establish a free and democratic Austria. To this end, the group forwarded top-secret blueprints for the V-2 missile and the Tiger tank and site plans for secret production facilities and the armaments industry to the Allies. Most of the members of this successful resistance group were executed.

In April 1945, like all of Vienna , was conquered by the Red Army . From September 1, 1945 to July 27, 1955, the 18th district was in the American sector of Vienna (see: Occupied Post-War Austria ). In 1973, a controversy about the planned construction of the observatory park led to the resignation of Mayor Felix Slavik .

Gersthof station before the renovation of the suburb line, 1979

The suburban line of the ÖBB , opened in 1898 as part of the Wiener Dampfstadtbahn designed by Otto Wagner , technically a mountain railway that crosses the district with two tunnels and was left to decay for decades, was extensively renovated in the 1980s and largely restored to its original state . A facade of the Gersthof station in the district had to be completely reconstructed. Finally, in 1987, all-year-round scheduled passenger traffic was resumed after a break of more than 50 years. Gersthof is now served by the S45 line of the Vienna S-Bahn .

In 1989 there was a slight change in the district border to Hernals in the area between Czartoryskigasse and Herbeckstrasse, which meant a small gain in territory for Währing. Another border shift took place in 1995 in the area of ​​Höhenstraße, Keylwerthgasse and Salmannsdorfer Straße to the municipal districts of Hernals and Döbling. Essentially, Hernals von Währing received a small residential area.

At the end of the 19th century, a farmers' market was opened on Kutschkergasse . At times this extended over the entire Kutschkergasse as well as in the Schopenhauerstrasse. After a low point around 2000, the market has grown again since then. The Kutschkermarkt is one of the last two street markets in Vienna.

See also Währinger Strasse .

Naming

Währing was first mentioned in a document around 1170 as Warich . There are only guesses as to the origin of the name. Possibly it is of Slavic ( var for warm spring or varica for dark stream) or Germanic origin ( werich for day work , i.e. a field the size of a man can work it in a day), possibly it is also derived from Werigandus, the first abbot of the Michelbeuern monastery.

population

Population development
Source: Statistics.at

Population development

When it was established at the end of the 19th century, the Währing district still had 68,862 inhabitants. In 1951 there were even 70,153 people living in Währing. As a result, however, the number of residents fell continuously and now makes up only around two thirds of the previous population. The reason for the drastic decline in population was the increased demand for living space. In addition, the restricted district area of ​​Währing offered no space for reinforced housing. As in most of Vienna's municipal districts, however, a trend reversal has been observed since 2001, and Währing has also grown from 44,992 inhabitants to 49,085 at the beginning of 2015.

Population structure

The average age of the people of Währing in 2001 was slightly above the average age of all of Vienna. While the proportion of people aged 60 or over in Währing was around 25%, the figure in the entire city area was 22.2%. The proportion of women from Währinger in the district population was also above the average for Vienna at 54.7%.

Origin and language

The proportion of foreign nationals in the district population was 19.7% of the total population in 2005 and is showing an upward trend (2003: 17.9%). The highest proportion of foreigners in 2005 was made up of around 4.4% citizens from Serbia and Montenegro. Another 2.1% were German citizens, 1.6% Turkish citizens, 1.4% Polish and 1.1% Croatian citizens. Lt. Survey 2001, a total of 24.1% of the Währing population were born outside Austria, so only 76.6% of the Währing population stated that German was the colloquial language. Serbian was the mother tongue for a further 6.1%, Turkish for 3.1% and Croatian for 2.3%.

religion

The Währinger religious creed was distributed as follows in 2001. 52.8% were Roman Catholic , 6.2% Orthodox , 6.0% Islamic , 5.9% Protestant and 21.4% without a denomination. 1.8% of the population professed other religions, 5.7% of the population remained unknown. The five Roman Catholic parishes in the municipality form the city ​​dean's office 18 .

politics

District chairman since 1945
Alois Pühringer ( KPÖ ) 4 / 1945–7 / 1945
Rudolf Sigmund ( SPÖ ) 7 / 1945-1946
Friedrich Holomek ( ÖVP ) 1946-1959
Viktor Leo Gräf ( ÖVP ) 1959-1969
Hans Hemmelmayer ( ÖVP ) 1969-1984
Leopold Traindl ( ÖVP ) 1984-1990
Karl Homole ( ÖVP ) 1990-2015
Silvia Nossek ( GREEN ) 2015–
Municipal District Office Währing: When the construction was planned, Währing was still a separate town.

In the first general, free elections on May 4, 1919, the Social Democrats in Währing delivered a surprise. They beat the Christian Socials with 10,970 votes to 10,835 and were thus able to provide the first district head with the machine master August Klepell (Kleppel remained in office until his arrest in 1934). These relationships essentially remained until the establishment of the corporate state, only the Christian Socialists fell behind the National Socialists in 1932 .

In the first elections after the Second World War , the ÖVP prevailed for the first time in 1946 . The main reason for the change was the change in the population structure. The domestic staff of the well-to-do, who voted for social democracy, had disappeared for economic reasons, and the Jews , who voted for the most part, had been expelled or murdered. The Währinger ÖVP received a relative majority in all upcoming elections and thus the right to the district head.

The rise of the FPÖ , however, hit both the ÖVP and the SPÖ . While the FPÖ was around 9.5% in 1987, it increased to 19.59% in 1996, while the ÖVP's share fell to 32.87% and that of the SPÖ to 24.65%. In the 2001 district council elections, the trend was reversed. The FPÖ slipped to 15.09%, the SPÖ increased its share by 3.71% to 28.36% of the vote. However, the ÖVP could not benefit from the losses of the FPÖ and lost slightly to 32.13%. The big winners were the Greens , who won over 8% and overtook the FPÖ with 19.52%. The LIF plays with less than 5% only a minor role.

In the 2010 Währingen district council election, the SPÖ and ÖVP suffered heavy losses. The ÖVP lost 4.2 percentage points compared to 2005 (34.8%) and only reached 30.6%, the SPÖ lost 3.4% compared to 2005 (30.4%) and only reached 27%. The FPÖ was able to gain 4.8 compared to 2005 (8%) and reached 12.8%, but the Greens remained the third strongest force with 25.8% and 2.7% plus compared to 2005 (23.1%). The BZÖ recorded gains from 0.4% compared to 2005 (0.7%) to more than 1.1%.

In the district council elections in Vienna in 2015 , the Greens achieved first place with 28.1% of the votes, the ÖVP came second with 27.3%, the SPÖ with 22.2%, the FPÖ with 13.3% 4th place, the NEOS with 7.5% in 5th place since December 17, 2015, for the first time in decades, Währing no longer has an ÖVP district head.

coat of arms

Vienna - Währing district, Wappen.svg

The coat of arms of Währing represents the four formerly independent communities from which the district was formed in 1892. The central heart shield shows Saint Laurentius , the patron saint of the Währing district . Laurentius wears a silver Alba and a red, gold-fringed dalmatic . The grate in his left hand symbolizes his martyrdom . The upper left part of the coat of arms stands for the district part of Pötzleinsdorf . It shows Saint Aegidius , the patron of the old Pötzleinsdorf church. The right part of the coat of arms shows St. John Nepomuk , the patron saint of Gersthof . Only the Weinhaus coat of arms has no religious background. It shows two winemakers with a golden bunch of grapes and stands for the once important viticulture that gave Weinhaus its name.

Culture and sights

Attractions

Geymüllerschlössel in Pötzleinsdorf

There are several interesting castles and villas in the municipality. These include the Geymüllerschlössel , Pötzleinsdorf Castle with its extensive park and numerous villas in the cottage district. The Währing church buildings of baroque origin are the Aegydius Church in Pötzleinsdorf, the Johannes Nepomuk Chapel in Gersthof and the Währing parish church, which was greatly expanded in 1934 . The Gersthof parish church , the Lazarist church , the Luther church and the Weinhauser parish church were built in the architectural style of historicism . A remarkable church building from the 1960s is the Pötzleinsdorfer parish church . There are also 14 municipal buildings from the interwar period .

theatre

The first real theater was opened in Währing on December 13, 1898 under the name "Kaiser-Jubiläums-Stadttheater". First of all, folk plays by Ferdinand Raimund , Johann Nestroy and Johann Anzengruber were on the program, later also operas . Since the operas were much more successful, the repertoire was completely changed over to operas and operettas. The building, which was renamed “ Volksoper ” in 1908 , was moved to the 9th district, Alsergrund , in 1905 through a border shift . Other theaters such as the “Gersthofer Theater” or the “Neue Anzengruber Theater” had little existence. Today there are still small stages in Währing: the "Lalish theater laboratory / research center for theater and performance culture", the "limelight theater", and the "theater laboratory".

movie theater

Since 2016, the Währing suburban cinema has been used temporarily in the Schmid Hansl concert café (Schulgasse 31, corner of Theresiengasse). It is the only currently remaining cinema in Währing.

Museums

The most important museum in the district is a branch of the Museum of Applied Arts (MAK) in the Geymüllerschlössel in Pötzleinsdorf . There is also the Währing District Museum and the Museum of the First Bank in Maria-Theresien-Schlössel .

Parks

Yunus Emre Fountain in the Türkenschanzpark , a gift from Turkey to Austria

Währing has some large parks. The best known are the Pötzleinsdorfer Schlosspark , the Türkenschanzpark and the Währinger Park (formerly the Währinger General Cemetery). Währinger Park was the first cemetery to be converted into a park during the First Republic. The Währinger Schubertpark (formerly the Währinger local cemetery with the tombs of Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert ) and the observatory park are also worth mentioning.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The most important public transport of Wiener Linien to the center are the tram lines 40 (Herbeckstraße), 41 (Pötzleinsdorf) and 42 (Antonigasse) to the traffic junction Schottentor (U2) on the Ring, in the north-south direction the S-Bahn line S45 ( Vorortelinie ), tram line 9 and the bus line 10A at the station Gersthof and the metro - U6 at stations Michelbeuern , Währingerstraße and Nußdorferstraße . Other bus lines are line 40A to Döblinger Friedhof in the border area to Döbling, line 41A between the Pötzleinsdorf terminus of line 41 and Neustifter Friedhof, line 42A to the Schafberg in the border area to Hernals and line 37A, which runs to Dänenstrasse.

Health facilities

Until 2019 there were two important, specialized hospitals in Währing. On the one hand, the Gersthof Orthopedic Hospital and the Semmelweis Women's Clinic . The departments of both hospitals moved to the North Hospital in Floridsdorf in 2019 .

Other social institutions are the Evangelical Hospital Vienna , the St. Carolus retirement home and the St. Gertrud home.

The House of Mercy (building from 1957) in Vinzenzgasse, which has existed as a nursing home since 1875 , was closed in 2006.

Other public institutions

Währing had two public baths owned by the City of Vienna. The year-round Währinger Bad (shower bath / sauna) was located in Klostergasse (from around 1900) until July 1, 2019, while the Schafbergbad , a summer pool that is only open between May and September, is in Josef-Redl-Gasse . A gymnasium for the neighboring high school is to be built on the property of the Währinger Bad by 2023 .

Due to the amalgamation of several parishes in 1892, there are also several cemeteries in Währing. While the Währing local cemetery (for Weinhaus and Währing) and the general Währing cemetery were converted into parks after the First World War, the Gersthofer cemetery , the Pötzleinsdorfer cemetery and the Neustift cemetery (which remained near Währing despite the transfer of Neustift to Döbling) still exist Burials take place.

education

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Gregor Mendel House, in a photo from 1896
The WKO campus Vienna ( WIFI , FHWien etc.) on the Währinger Gürtel

The most important university institution in Währing is the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , which is located next to the Türkenschanzpark . There are also several institutes at the University of Vienna, such as the Institute for Media and Communication Studies , the Institute for Astronomy with the University Observatory and the Institute for Risk Research. There are three public high schools ( Klostergasse , Schopenhauerstraße , Haizingergasse ), several elementary and secondary schools - including the all-day elementary school Köhlergasse , which was built between 1977 and 1990 according to the plans of Hans Hollein instead of an old school, a polytechnic, some church private schools (before mainly Catholic schools - Albertus Magnus School , Marianum and School Brothers, School of the Congregation of the Daughters of Divine Love - and a Protestant elementary school, the Luther School), a Waldorf school ( Rudolf Steiner School in Pötzleinsdorf ) and an English-speaking private school (Vienna Grundschule). An elementary school for physically handicapped children is the Hans-Radl-Schule on Währinger Straße, it was built in place of the Czartoryski Castle (which was then a children's home), which was badly damaged in World War II and subsequently demolished . There is a branch of the Vienna libraries on Weimarer Straße .

literature

  • Robert Eigler: Währing: 150 years of building history 1840 - 1990. A contribution to the anniversary “100 years of Währing near Vienna” . Kulturverein Initiative Währing, Vienna 1991
  • Christine Klusacek, Kurt Stimmer: Währing. From the Ganserlberg to the Schafberg . Compress, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-900607-17-6
  • Helmut Kretschmer: Viennese district culture guide: XVIII. Currency ring . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7141-6224-0
  • Helfried Seemann (ed.): Währing: 1880 - 1930 . Album Verlag für Photographie, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-85164-018-7
  • Helga Maria Wolf: Vienna - Währing . Sutton, Erfurt 2004, ISBN 3-89702-778-X
  • Währinger local history: Währing - A home book of the XVIII. Vienna district, Volume 1, Vienna 1923, online
  • Währinger local history: Währing - A home book of the XVIII. Viennese district, Volume 2, Vienna 1924, online
  • Währinger local history: Währing - A home book of the XVIII. Vienna district, Volume 3, Vienna 1925, online
  • Michael Haitszinger, Klaus Prokop: elevenfold | Währing - Mensch & Bezirk , ARGE elfachzig, Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-200-03804-2

See also

Web links

Commons : Währing  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Währing  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. Statistics Austria - Population at the beginning of 2002–2020 by municipalities (area status 01/01/2020)
  2. District council elections 2015
  3. ^ Karl Fenzl: A landscape picture of the 18th district. The landscape and its basis. In: Währing. A home book of the 18th district of Vienna. Vienna 1923
  4. Municipal Department 5 (MA5): Types of use by district ( PDF ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ))
  5. State Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns, No. 35/1890 (= p. 55 ff.)
  6. ^ State law and regulation gazette for the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns, Vienna, No. 104/1905
  7. Fritz Molden : The fire in the night. Victims and meaning of the Austrian resistance 1938-1945 . Amalthea , Vienna 1988, p. 122
  8. ^ Franz Loidl: Chaplain Heinrich Maier - a victim of the National Socialist system of violence in: Herbert Schambeck (ed.): Church and State. Fritz Eckert on his 65th birthday . Duncker & Humblot , Vienna 1976, pp. 271-292
  9. Peter Broucek: The Austrian Identity in the Resistance 1938-1945. In: Military resistance: studies on the Austrian state sentiment and Nazi defense. Böhlau Verlag , 2008, p. 163 , accessed on August 3, 2017 .
  10. Cf. u. a. Hansjakob Stehle "The spies from the rectory" in Die Zeit on January 5, 1996; Judgment of the People's Court GZ 5H 96/44 u. a., p. 7ff.
  11. Law of November 21, 1989 on a minor change in the border between the 17th and 18th district (LGBl. 4/1990), issued on February 2, 1990
  12. Law on changing the boundaries between the 17th, 18th and 19th districts (LGBl. For Vienna 48/1995), issued on June 23, 1995
  13. ^ Municipality of Vienna: Kutschkermarkt. Retrieved December 31, 2017 (1885 is given as the first mention here).
  14. ^ Hans W. Bousska: Viennese markets . Sutton Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86680-953-6 ( google.at [accessed on December 31, 2017] Here 1895 is given as the first mention.).
  15. The market - Kutschkermarkt. Accessed December 31, 2017 .
  16. Census of May 15, 2001. Final resident population and number of citizens (with population development since 1869). District of Vienna: Vienna 18th, Währing , on Statistics.at (PDF, 12 kB).
  17. a b c Census of May 15, 2001. Demographic data. District of Vienna: Vienna 18., Währing PDF, 12 kB, accessed on January 28, 2018
  18. MA 5 Resident Population by Nationality and District 2001-2005 ( Memento from June 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  19. orf.at: Währinger Tröpferlbad is demolished . Article dated November 25, 2018, accessed November 25, 2018.