Tegel (rock)

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Tegel is a common name in Austria for a marly (loamy-clayey and often calcareous ) rock of greenish-gray or sometimes yellowish color belonging to the plan . The term Tegel is generally used for clayey rocks, but especially for layer sequences of the Tertiary in the foothills of the Eastern Alps , in the Vienna Basin and the Carpathian Mountains . Based on the geological mapping in Austria-Hungary , numerous stratigraphic ones have been derived from this rock designation Local names naturalized, none of which have any formal validity today.

term

The name for tegel deposits is derived from the Latin word tēgula . There is the root word tegere for cover, cover and protect. The Romans referred to the roof tile with tēgula , whereas the brick as a building block is called later or testă . Eduard Suess explains in a lecture on April 28, 1862: “Bricks are made from the marine, brackish and freshwater Tegel, from mixtures of loess and Tegel, from loess and, finally, from the alluvial silt . The Tegel is best suited for this, especially where it does not contain too many fossil conchylia […] The production of bricks in Vienna has its peculiar history. Bricks have been found in Roman masonry at Peter (at the corner of Kühfussgässchen) and in the lower Bräunerstrasse , which, according to their stamp, come from a workshop in Carnunt and which prove that this important building material was at least occasionally brought from the Petronell area . "

In the central regions of the Roman Empire, brick construction only existed in the form of cladding elements that had a more stable core. In the provinces, however, the military often built brick buildings. Specially formed units were commissioned for the production, which as part of the respective military unit had mastered this technology and had to cover regional needs. Their bricks always bear the troop stamp. In this way, the terms, knowledge and technology spread throughout the Roman Empire as well as among the neighboring peoples. In this way, the deposits of suitable sediments received great attention in the military.

Old references to usage

In the 13th century brick pits existed in the area of ​​Vienna, which are mentioned by Passau Bishop Otto in a letter from 1261. Konrad Rampperstorffer delivered 1408 roof tiles for St. Stephan .

Basics

The term Tegel is used - especially in the geology of Austria and Hungary - for a clayey series of rocks from the Tertiary. These are weathering products of various rocks that were formed 12-17 million years ago and occur in several 10 to over 1000 meters thick layers in the Alpine foothills on the northern edge of the Alps from Bavaria to the east via the Lower Austrian foothills , the Vienna Basin to the Carpathian Mountains. Layers of fine sandstone , which can serve as storage rock for crude oil in the Vienna Basin , as well as layers of volcanic deposits occur as interferences in the clayey layer sequence . Depending on the composition of the parent rock, remains of mussel shells and marine fossils are contained in the loamy-clay base.

Occurrence

The layer designation Tegel bear rock units of the Tertiary in the Vienna Basin, in the foreland of the Carpathians and in Slovenia , for example

  • Badener Tegel in the Vienna Basin
    The Baden Tegel in the Vienna Basin contains numerous large and small fossils, which is why it is named for the geological stage Badenia of the Miocene (13.3 to 16.5 million years old) in the Upper Tertiary. Well-preserved snail fossils from various locations in Lower Austria are known
  • Pielacher Tegel between Krems and Wieselburg
  • Hernalser Tegel and Nussdorfer Tegel in the Vienna and Styrian basins
  • Tegel from Gornji Grad , Gornji Grad in Slovenia ( Lower Oligocene )
  • Tegel near Böhmisch Trübau (described by Katzer and Reuss )

See also

Individual evidence and receipts

  1. ^ Otto Wittstock: Latin and Greek in German vocabulary. Loan and foreign words of ancient language origin. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1982, p. 166.
  2. ↑ Erich Pertsch: Langenscheidts Large School Dictionary Latin-German. Langenscheidt, Berlin 1991, p. 675, ISBN 3-468-07202-3 .
  3. ^ Eduard Suess: Vienna's building materials. In: Writings of the Association for the Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge in Vienna . Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1863, pp. 361–362.
  4. ↑ Johannes Irmscher , Renate Johne (Ed.): Lexikon der Antike . Bibliographer. Institute, Leipzig 1986, p. 621 ISBN 3-323-00026-9 .
  5. ↑ Eduard Suess: Vienna’s building materials . In: Writings of the Association for the Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge in Vienna . Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1863, pp. 362, 364, 366–367.
  6. ↑ Vienna Biosphere Park Wienerwald - Geology of the Wienerwald. Retrieved November 30, 2007
  7. ↑ a b c d e Entry on Baden Tegel in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
  8. ^ A b Geochemistry of volcaniclastic rocks of the Carpathian Neogene Foredeep. (cz.) Retrieved November 30, 2007
  9. ↑ LithStrat - database: Mold formation (Lower Austria).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 30, 2007@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.univie.ac.at  
  10. ↑ Alois Matura, Herbert Heinz: Explanations on sheet 37 Mautern . In: Geological map of the Republic of Austria 1: 50,000 . Federal Geological Institute, Vienna 1989, ISBN 3-900312-66-4 ( geologie.ac.at [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on March 19, 2018]).
  11. ↑ LithStrat - database: crack layers.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 30, 2007.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.univie.ac.at  
  12. ↑ Fauna development of benthic foraminifera of the lower Tegel (Lower Oligocene) from Gornji Grad (Slovenia). Title of the diploma thesis by A. Ten Haaf, University of Tübingen. ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 30, 2007 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-tuebingen.de
  13. ↑ Friedrich Katzer: Geology of Bohemia. Prague (I. Taussig) 1902, pp. 1427–1428