wine House

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wine House
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Weinhaus coat of arms Waehring location weinhaus.png

Weinhaus is a district of Vienna in the 18th district of Vienna , Währing , and one of 89 Vienna Katastralgemeinden .

geography

Map of Weinhaus mid-19th century

Weinhaus on three sides by the district part Währing surrounded and bordered to the west by the side of the suburban line location Gersthof . The Weinhaus cadastral community today extends over an area of ​​17.34 hectares and thus forms the smallest Währingen district in terms of area and the smallest of all Vienna cadastral communities.

history

Name story

The origin of the name Weinhaus is unknown. The name appears for the first time in a document in 1267 in a purchase contract, which names a "Chunradus dictus de Winhus". In 1314 a “Marquard von Weinhaus” is also documented as a witness. The rich bourgeois family of the Weinhauser owned the Meierhof in Sankt Ulrich . However, the naming of the village after this bourgeois sex cannot be proven.

According to a traditional legend, a wealthy Viennese citizen is said to have owned extensive vineyards in the late Middle Ages on the southern slopes of the Hohe Warte (today: Türkenschanze ). On the northern slope of Mitterberg he had a house built with a wine press (today Lacknergasse 98), where he served wine to passers-by. This “wine house” is said to have become a synonym for the slowly emerging village.

In fact, the place name is likely to go back to the wine house of the Michaelbeuern monastery , where the annual interest or mining rights had to be paid.

Wine house in the Middle Ages

Weinhaus has always been hampered in its development due to its location. Geographically, the narrow valley of the Währinger Bach with the rising slopes of the Alsegger Heights and the Hohe Warte offered little development opportunities. In addition, the Weinhauser area was surrounded on three sides by the village of Währing .

The village is first documented in 1349. That year Leopolt von Puchs received the village of Weinhaus. The area originally belonged to a large property of the Count of Burghausen, later the property on the right bank of the Währinger Bach came into the possession of the Michaelbeuern monastery. In 1356 Weinhaus was owned by Wernhard Schenk von Ried, a ducal forester and confidante of the Dukes Albrecht II and Rudolf IV. How the area came into his possession is not known, but the conclusion is that Wernhard Schenk took possession of Leopolt von Puchs bought it.

In 1356, Wernher von Schenk donated his Weinhauser property to the parish of Hütteldorf in order to provide the newly founded parish with regular income. In addition to the parish of Hütteldorf, there were other landowners in Weinhaus. In 1456 these included the Lilienfeld Abbey and the German lords .

The most important source of income for the Weinhausers was viticulture . In addition, Weinhaus was not affected by the restrictions on viticulture imposed by Duke Albrecht V in 1417 and 1426, which were intended to prevent excessive viticulture around Vienna and thus an increase in the price of bread.

Property dispute from the 15th to the 17th century

While the parish Hütteldorf exercised the lordship over Weinhaus, the parish served the Benedictine monastery Michaelbeuern for its Weinhauser possessions. However, the parish Hütteldorf sought the end of this supremacy. In 1499 the Hütteldorfer pastor Ludwig Storch refused to deliver the interest or the mining rights (a load of wine or 32 buckets ). In 1507 the dispute ended with a settlement which forced the parish to pay the legal costs and outstanding taxes as well as the continued payment of the annual taxes. However, the pastor was left with eight buckets of wine for life.

Even after that, the argument continued. Between 1529 and 1540, Pastor Mathias Beheim refused to pay the taxes after the Ottomans had devastated the place in the course of the first Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529 . Archduke Ferdinand I , as sovereign, again decided in favor of the monastery in this dispute.

A century later the dispute flared up again. Pastor Arupp achieved a favorable comparison with the monastery and subsequently only had to pay 42 guilders a year. The comparison was only valid for himself, but the pastor bequeathed the benefit to his successor. A final comparison is documented from 1672, which lowered the tax to 35 guilders. After the second Turkish siege in 1683, the monastery could no longer enforce its rights and gave up its claim. Already before 1680 the monastery wine house was owned by the parish Hütteldorf.

Weinhaus during the Turkish Wars

The size of the Weinhaus village before the first Turkish siege in 1529 is not known. From 1543 to 1558 there were 40 houses in Weinhaus, in 1564 there were 41, with thirteen houses in today's Lacknergasse. The low growth between 1543 and 1564 is an indication that Weinhaus recovered quickly after the war. In 1600 there were 42 houses in Weinhaus and the number remained almost the same in the following 250 years as there was a lack of suitable building land.

The lack of building land and the resulting small size of the village had a major impact on the infrastructure. The Weinhauser population had to attend mass in Währing, the dead were buried in Währing and the children went to school in Währing. The history of Weinhaus and Währing was closely linked through the shared infrastructure.

In 1679 the plague also broke out in Weinhaus, claiming numerous victims. At that time Weinhaus consisted of three streets, the forties, thirty-two and twenties. Depending on the street name, the house owners had to do 20 to 40 pfennigs in annual basic service, whereby the level of the basic service was dependent on the size and location. The Vierziger-Zeil corresponded to today's Lacknergasse, the Zweiundreißiger-Zeil to the lower Währinger Straße from Aumannplatz to Köhlergasse , the Zwanziger-Zeil from Köhlergasse to the end of Währinger Straße. The Gentzgasse was still completely undeveloped at this time.

In 1682 a bad harvest of grapes led to severe impoverishment in the community of Weinhaus. However, the appearance of the Turkish siege army on July 14, 1683 had a much more drastic effect. Large parts of the Weinhauser population had already fled, those who remained were murdered or enslaved. The place itself was reduced to rubble by the Turks. In the course of the second Turkish siege, the Turkish army occupied the strategically important Turkish hill and set up a position with large-caliber guns from 80 to 120 pound cannons. With their large radius of action, the cannons could cause severe damage to the city of Vienna and its suburbs. The advance of the relief army was also significantly delayed by the position. After a Choragwia (a unit of the Polish troops of the relief army) had been destroyed, Saxon dragoons under the leadership of Ludwig von Baden and two imperial regiments managed to get into the blind spot of the cannons. In a hand-to-hand battle, the hill was eventually taken. The place Weinhaus itself was liberated by the troops of Prince Georg Friedrich Waldeck .

Rebuilding

The Turkish siege had almost completely destroyed Weinhaus. Only five of the former 40 houses are unlikely to have been completely destroyed. The population of Weinhaus had also changed fundamentally. In 1690, only five of the former homeowners before 1683 appear in the register of places, although this year 13 houses were still “desolate and not donated”. In 1695 33 houses were inhabited again, but it was not until 1757 that the last "Prandstatt" was mentioned in the guarantee book. The destroyed vineyards were gradually cultivated again.

The population experienced a setback in 1713 with the plague , which claimed numerous lives. The population recovered quickly, however, in 1745 450 people lived in 40 houses. Weinhaus also became interesting for the Viennese citizens in the 18th century. In 1750 some Viennese citizens had already built a house in Weinhaus, where the citizens spent the summer months. In the forties, many houses also had a pleasure garden. The court jeweler Joseph Friedrich Schwab, for example, built a country house with a large garden and had a chapel built behind it, which was consecrated to St. Joseph in 1738 . The Villa Schwab became the Czartoryski Castle in the 19th century . The imperial fruit tree nursery was established in Weinhaus in 1780, but it was abandoned after ten years.

Wine house in the 19th century

Czartoryski lock (engraving around 1810)

During the occupation of Vienna by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1809, the French troops set up camp on the Türkenschanze on May 11, 1809. Officers quartered themselves in Weinhaus, while the population had to do pre-tensioning services with horses and oxen for the troops . In 1830 the Währingen brook burst its banks and washed away some houses. In 1831 a cholera epidemic followed in the Vienna area , which claimed three lives in Weinhaus. Weinhaus has barely grown since 1745.

Since 1819 Friedrich von Gentz , an employee of State Chancellor Metternich , owned a castle in Weinhaus, in what was then Herrengasse, later on Währinger Strasse 169–171. When he fell out of favor with Metternich in 1830, he withdrew there and lived in Weinhaus with the young dancer Fanny Elßler, whom he intensively promoted, until his death in the summer of 1832. In 1894 one was made by Weinhaus or the entire district between Gürtel and The suburban line leading to the main street named Gentzgasse . Tram lines 40 and 41 run through them today in Weinhaus .

In 1835 504 people lived in 43 houses in the village. Well known was the Czartoryski-Schlössel , located at today's address Währinger Straße 175-181 , where Prince Konstantin Adam Czartoryski gave large societies and collected art. The first school was opened in 1838. The revolutionary year of 1848 passed Weinhaus without any damage. The Weinhauser National Guard , loyal to the emperor , only served to protect property and was disarmed after the imperial troops moved in. The artillery subsequently also fired from Weinhaus on the line wall and the revolutionaries entrenched there. The revolutionary year of 1848 ultimately also had an impact on the Weinhausers through the dissolution of the subordinate relationships, who could now buy, sell, bequeath or lease their land, which had previously been owned as a fief. The last local judge, Leonhard Trumler, became the first mayor of Weinhaus.

Infrastructure measures followed in the second half of the 19th century. Gas-powered street lighting was introduced at the end of the 1850s, and the number of residential buildings rose sharply at the expense of green spaces. In 1862 there were already 62 houses. The establishment of the Vienna University Observatory, which is close to Währing, was also of great importance . Since the Währinger Bach had degenerated into an open sewer, the vaulting behind some houses on the upper Währinger Strasse began in 1874.

In the middle of the 1870s there were plans to build a horse tramway through Weinhaus . However, since the Weinhauser local council insisted on complete paving in Währinger Straße , the project failed. Under the last mayor, Sebastian Mayer, the school building on the corner of Gentzgasse and Köhlergasse was rebuilt in 1879. In 1880 the upper Gentzgasse was expanded after only a footpath along the stream led to Gersthof . At the same time, the area was built along the new road. Lacknergasse and upper Währinger Strasse were paved at the same time. In 1886 the entire Währinger Bach was vaulted, transformed into a brook canal and relocated under Gentzgasse.

Incorporation from Weinhaus to Vienna

In 1890 the Lower Austrian Landtag decided to unite Vienna with the suburbs. At that time there were 82 houses in Weinhaus. The law came into force on January 1, 1892 and united Weinhaus, Gersthof , Währing , Pötzleinsdorf , Neustift am Walde and Salmannsdorf to form the 18th district of Vienna , Währing (since 1938 Neustift am Walde and Salmannsdorf have belonged to the 19th district of Vienna , Döbling ). The area of ​​the former village of Weinhaus was the smallest part of the district with only 0.2 km² and in 1890 housed 2,192 inhabitants.

Culture and sights

Weinhauser parish church, built 1883–1889

The historicist Weinhauser parish church , built between 1883 and 1889, is the work of Friedrich von Schmidt , the architect of the Vienna City Hall . Behind the parish church, the Rosenkranzweg leads up the slope of the Türkenschanze . In Weinhaus there are several listed municipal buildings from the interwar period : Toeplerhof ( list entry ) at the corner of Währinger Straße / Paulinengasse and the communal residential buildings at Köhlergasse 1–3 ( list entry ), Währinger Straße 188–190 ( list entry ) and Staudgasse 80a ( list entry ) .

Personalities

literature

  • Helmuth Haas: History of the villages of the 18th district (= Our Währing. Quarterly publication of the Museum Association Währing. Special issue 1 = 33rd year, issue 3, 1998, ZDB -ID 521674-6 ). Museum Association Währing, Vienna 1998.
  • Christine Klusacek, Kurt Stimmer: Währing. From the Ganserlberg to the Schafberg. Mohl, Vienna 1992, OBV .
  • Annelise Rektenwald: Contribution to the history of Währing and Weinhaus for the years from 1680 to 1820. Dissertation. University of Vienna, Vienna 1967, OBV .
  • Adolf Schmieger: Weinhaus. In: Working group "Währinger Heimatkunde" (Ed.): Währing. A home book of the 18th district of Vienna . (Four volumes). Self-published, Vienna 1923, OBV .
  • XVIII. District. (...) Weinhaus . In: Jaro Franz-Ferron (Ed.): Neu-Wien. A look back at the history of the suburbs that were incorporated into the Commune Vienna on December 21, 1891 . Kühkopf, Korneuburg 1892, pp. 276–285. - Full text online .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Schmieger: Weinhaus. P. 187.
  2. ^ Haas: Villages. P. 27.
  3. ↑ Rektenwald: History of Wine House and Währing. P. 8.
  4. ^ Haas: Villages. Pp. 26-27.
  5. ^ Schmieger: Weinhaus. P. 190.
  6. ^ Haas: Villages. Pp. 26-27.
  7. ^ Schmieger: Weinhaus. P. 188f.
  8. ^ Schmieger: Weinhaus. P. 191.
  9. ^ Schmieger: Weinhaus. P. 192.
  10. ^ Haas: Villages. P. 28f.
  11. ↑ Rektenwald: History of Währing and wine house. P. 200.
  12. ^ Schmieger: Weinhaus. Pp. 192-194.
  13. ↑ Rektenwald: History of Währing and wine house. P. 201.
  14. ^ Schmieger: Weinhaus. P. 195.
  15. ^ Schmieger: Weinhaus. Pp. 195-197.
  16. ^ Schmieger: Weinhaus. P. 198.

Web links

Commons : Weinhaus  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 14 '  N , 16 ° 20'  E