Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan

Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan

Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan ( Mongolian Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан ; * February 8, 1895 in later Dornod-Aimag ; † January 26, 1952 in Moscow ; mostly only Tschoibalsan ) was the communist leader of the Mongolian People's Republic from 1932 until his death.

Life

He served both as President (Chairman of the Small State Chural , 1929–1930) and Head of Government (Head of the Council of People's Commissars, 1939–1952) and dominated the country's politics for a long time. Militarily he was a co-founder of the Mongolian Revolutionary People's Army and took the rank of marshal .

Choibalsan was a strict supporter of the Soviet leader Stalin and implemented his policy in a variety of ways. He came to power with Soviet support as a result of Stalin's dissatisfaction with the Mongolian communist leader Peldschidiin Genden . His impeachment in 1936 and later execution enabled the seizure of power by Choibalsan, who was willing to carry out Stalin's orders without contradiction.

As head of state

Choibalsan (left) with Georgi Zhukov during the Battle of Chalchin Gol

The reign of Choibalsan is widely considered to be the most tyrannical phase in modern Mongolian history. Many purges against " enemies of the people " were carried out under his leadership . These concentrated on religious figures, the former aristocracy and political dissidents. The estimates of the number of victims vary widely, but are all very high in relation to the size of the population. Furthermore, Choibalsan acted as the center of a personality cult based on Stalin's model. On the other hand, major improvements in the country's infrastructure were made during his time. With Soviet help, roads and telephone lines were built, and steps were taken to combat illiteracy .

Tschoibalsan died in Moscow in 1952, where he was receiving treatment for kidney cancer .

Aftermath

After his death Choibalsan body was by the experts of the Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow preserved . After the transfer to Ulaanbaatar he was buried in a mausoleum next to Süchbaatar ; In 2005, the mausoleum was demolished and the remains of both heads of state were transferred to a memorial cemetery. To this day, the eastern Mongolian city of Choibalsan bears the name of the politician who came from this area, and his monument stands in front of the Mongolian National University .

Choibalsan's reputation in modern Mongolia is controversial. Some still see him as the Mongolian hero, but his critics attribute this to the effect of his propaganda and personality cult.

Some Mongols believe that Choibalsan as a puppet of Stalin had little freedom of action of his own. On the other hand, his supporters report that he protested against parts of Stalin's policy and that he even damaged his famous pipe during a meeting in Moscow as part of a physical dispute.

His party, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party , criticized him for “mistakes” such as his personality cult as part of the de-Stalinization in 1956. Today she admits that Choibalsan was a tyrant, but claims the same victim role as the other Mongols. Many party members, especially the supporters of Genden, fell victim to the "purges" during his rule.

Web links

Commons : Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan in the catalog of the German National Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Article Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D122625~2a%3D~2b%3DChorloogiin%20Tschoibalsan

predecessor	Office	successor
Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren	President of Mongolia January 24, 1929-27. April 1930	Losolyn Laagan
Anandyn Amar	Prime Minister of Mongolia March 24, 1939–26. January 1952	Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal

Mongolian name: In Mongolia, the patronymic usually comes before the proper name in the genitive. For once it is the mother's name. Thus Chorloo the name of the mother, Tschoibalsan the proper name. The person is addressed with their proper name.