German Football Association

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
German Football Association (DFB)
DFB logo
founding January 28, 1900
FIFA accession 1904
UEFA accession 1954
president Fritz Keller
Secretary General Friedrich Curtius
National teams Men's
senior team ,
U-21 , U-20 , U-19 , U-18 , U-17 , U-16 , U-15 ,
futsal
eNational team ( e-sports )

Women's
senior team ,
U-23 , U-20 , U-19 ,
U-17 , U-15

Clubs (approx.) 24,481
Members (approx.) 7,169,327
Homepage www.dfb.de
Entrance area of ​​the DFB administration in Frankfurt-Niederrad not far from the Deutsche Bank Park

The German Football Association e. V. (DFB) is the umbrella organization of 26 football associations in the Federal Republic of Germany , to which almost 24,500 football clubs belong. The non-profit association is based in Frankfurt am Main . Ordinary DFB members are the league association , the five regional and 21 regional associations. With more than 7 million members of the affiliated clubs, the DFB is the largest national sports association in the world.

The DFB was founded at the time of the German Empire on January 28, 1900 in Leipzig . Since 1903 he has hosted the German soccer championship (delegated to the league association since 2001) and joined the world soccer association FIFA when it was founded in 1904. During the Nazi era from 1933, the DFB was also brought into line and disbanded in 1940. At the beginning of 1950, after the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany, the West German associations re-established the DFB in Stuttgart , since September 1950 it has belonged again to FIFA, and since 1954 to the European association UEFA . In 1957 the Saarland Football Association joined the DFB, and in 1990 the GDR Association became the fifth regional association under the name of the Northeast German Football Association . As a national football association, the DFB organizes the German national football teams , also known colloquially as the DFB selections, and appoints the national coaches .

history

History of German football before the DFB was founded

First DFB logo from 1900 to 1926
Single logo from 1911
The first branch of the DFB, Gutenbergstrasse 43 in Dortmund
Second logo from 1926 to 1995
Commemorative plaque on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the DFB at its founding place in Leipzig (2015)
Third logo from 1995 to 2003
Fourth logo from 2003 to 2008
Logo from 2008 to 2017
Logo since 2017
Logo of the German national soccer team with an eagle , in use since the 1990 World Cup. The four championship stars represent the four world championship titles from 1954 , 1974 , 1990 and 2014 . The women's national team uses a logo with two stars, which represent the two world championship titles from 2003 and 2007 .
DFB President
Fritz Keller (Fußballfunktionär) Reinhard Rauball Reinhard Grindel Wolfgang Niersbach Theo Zwanziger Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder Egidius Braun Hermann Neuberger Hermann Gösmann Peco Bauwens Felix Linnemann Gottfried Hinze Friedrich Wilhelm Nohe Ferdinand Hueppe
DFB coach
Joachim Löw Jürgen Klinsmann Rudi Völler Erich Ribbeck Berti Vogts Franz Beckenbauer Jupp Derwall Helmut Schön Sepp Herberger Otto Nerz

In the German Empire of the 19th century, sport was only of subordinate importance. Among the team sports taken over from England, rugby football has dominated since the beginning of the 1870s . This was mainly run by the British and Americans who lived here. The beginnings of Association Football , at the beginning still a mixture of football and rugby, can be found in 1874 with the introduction of football into school sport at the Martino-Katharineum grammar school by Konrad Koch in Braunschweig . In 1875 the teacher Wilhelm Görges and the Australian native Richard EN Twopenny introduced the game at the Johanneum in Lüneburg . In 1882 the Prussian minister of education introduced a player's decree for gymnastics lessons in schools; only then did football become known to a broader section of the population. Since the end of the 1880s, association football was played more and more in the German Empire in addition to rugby.

As in all of Germany, the development of football in Berlin was very slow at first. In the winter of 1880/81, pupils at the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium played an association football game for the first time . In 1883 the English and Germans occasionally played on the Tempelhofer Feld near Berlin, in the Hoppegarten, in Pankow ( Schönholz ) and in Nieder-Schöneweide . It was not until the end of the 1880s that rapid development began with the establishment of a large number of football clubs. On April 15, 1888, BFC Germania 1888, the oldest German football club that still exists today, was founded. The new clubs organized themselves into many different associations, including from 1890 the Association of German Football Players , the German Football and Cricket Association and the Association of German Ball Game Clubs .

Even before the DFB was founded, there were " original international matches " with selected teams in which Berlin players dominated. The south followed Berlin in 1893 with its own association, the Süddeutsche Fußball-Union , which, however, only existed for two years due to internal disputes and the small number of clubs. This was followed by Hamburg and Altona with the Hamburg-Altona Football Association , Leipzig with the Leipzig Ball Game Association , the Association of South German Football Associations and the Rhenish Game Association in the west. Over the years there have been other local and regional football associations . It was not until 1900 that the German Football Association was added as an umbrella organization.

From the foundation in 1900 to 1933

On January 28, 1900, 36 representatives from 86 clubs met in the restaurant "Zum Mariengarten" (Büttnerstraße 10) in Leipzig for the founding meeting of the DFB , including two German-speaking clubs from Prague . Ferdinand Hueppe from DFC Prague was then elected the first president of the DFB. A plaque on the founding building in today's Büttnerstraße not far from the main train station reminds of the historic event.

A few years earlier, associations such as the Association of German Football Players , the German Football and Cricket Association and the Hamburg-Altona Football Association had been founded, but these were limited to parts of the German Empire (in the case of the BDF, to Berlin ). The first championship in a larger area was held in 1898/99 by the Association of South German Football Associations , which joined the DFB in 1900 and became its largest association.

With the establishment of the DFB by the 86 founding clubs, there was a Germany-wide management association that from 1903 - before disputes had to be resolved because the regional associations were reluctant to subordinate and devalue their championships - played the finals for the German championship. The first German soccer champion was VfB Leipzig . On May 21, 1904, the DFB joined the World Football Association as the eighth member by telex on the day FIFA was founded. Even if he is not one of the seven founding members who met in Paris for the inaugural meeting, according to the FIFA website, he was “nonetheless there from the very beginning”. With the accession to FIFA, foreign clubs had to be excluded from the DFB, with which President Hueppe also resigned from the association. Friedrich Wilhelm Nohe from the Karlsruhe FV was elected as his successor .

In 1910, the DFB decided to set up an office, because the administrative tasks had grown significantly in the meantime. In 1905, the association had 254 clubs with around 13,000 players, five years later there were already 1,361 football clubs in 641 locations and almost 110,000 members. The first full-time managing director was Walter Sanß from Dortmund , which set up the DFB's first office in his house at Gutenbergstrasse 43 Dortmund .

Up until the First World War there were many local associations and leagues that had not (yet) joined the DFB or regional associations. The upswing in football, which increased significantly from around 1910, was only recorded statistically after 1919. The layout of the regional associations was also far from being the same as it is today. So z. B. the West German Spielverband as far as Osterode and Göttingen in the east.

In 1926 (?) The logo of the German Football Association was redesigned based on a design by Ernst Fuhry . The three letters DFB were drawn much sharper and more jagged based on Germanic runes and pushed into one another. The color of the letters was kept uniform in lawn green . The outer circle fell away.

The DFB during the Third Reich

The conformity of sport allowed the DFB to continue to exist formally until 1940, but cost it its federal structure - all seven regional associations had to dissolve - and reduced it to a "comradely association", according to Felix Linnemann as federal chairman and now also head of the new, much more important specialist football department , to which almost all operational tasks have been assigned. International matches initially remained the responsibility of the DFB as long as it "existed for seven years as a logo, as a link to FIFA and initially for asset management."

A critical appraisal of the past of the DFB was carried out for the first time in the anniversary volume 100 Years of the DFB , published in 2000. In it, the co-author Karl-Adolf Scherer dealt critically with the then President Felix Linnemann and the managing director of the West German game association Josef Klein . For further research and processing, those responsible at the DFB commissioned a study, the author of which was Nils Havemann, who wrote the book Football under the swastika with the help of extensive archives and personal papers; he was also given access to the DFB archives that had been closed until then. Around 60 years after the end of the Third Reich, the DFB faced the misconduct of its functionaries during the Nazi era , as can be seen from the results of Havemann's study.

At the beginning of the 1930s, the DFB was closely linked to the bourgeois camp and was rooted in all of its committees. He had also only very inadequately prepared himself for the approaching National Socialism. The sporting political situation made it possible in particular for Guido von Mengden , Josef Klein, Georg Xandry , Wilhelm Erbach and the then DFB President Felix Linnemann to contribute their National Socialist thoughts and convictions to the associations. Above all with the help of the chairman of the German Reich Committee for Physical Exercise (thus dominating in all German sports associations such as the DFB and also NOK ), the Reich Sports Leader Hans von Tschammer und Osten , the ideal image of the Nazis could be implanted in all of German sport. The historian Hajo Bernett referred to Mengden, who in 1935 also became press officer and in 1936 finally general advisor to Tschammers, in his biography in 1976 as the “Chief of Staff of German Sport”. Another dominant role in complete obedience to Hitler was played by the treasurer of the DFB, the banker Arthur Strenzel , who was appointed in 1931 . During the World War in particular , he was the second president of the DFB from Berlin, when Linnemann largely withdrew. The nationalist squad within the DFB, however, was also much larger than this and was largely dominated by a triumvirate from the German Reich Committee and the Reich Association for Physical Exercise, Lewald-Dominicus-Linnemann, in particular by its Secretary General Carl Diem .

Shortly after Hitler came to power , Josef Klein introduced the Hitler salute in the WSV on June 6, 1933 and declared it to be binding for the entire DFB on August 7, 1933. What happened to the players who disregarded this is illustrated by the case of Walter Pahl (VfB Dobberzin, Finowtal district), who was excluded from the DFB for refusing the greeting and thus banned from German football. Furthermore, after the passing of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag on March 23, 1933, all Jews and Marxists were removed from leading DFB positions and also excluded as members.

Despite all the oaths of the officials loyal to the line, the DFB was deprived of its livelihood due to a decree of the Reich Sports Commissioner from June 1933, when 15 new professional associations replaced the old German Reich Committee for Physical Exercise and a ( professional football office ) was founded. Only these associations still had the right to hold championships. The regional or state associations forming the DFB disappeared; In their place there were 16 districts, analogous to the NSDAP- Gaue, with ten district teams each.

In view of this situation, an extraordinary Bundestag of the DFB took place in Berlin on July 9, 1933, which lasted 28 minutes. In this case, Linnemann was unanimously authorized to initiate all personnel and material measures in order to integrate the DFB into the program of the Reich Sports Commissioner and thus undertake a decisive transformation of the DFB. Since Linnemann adhered to Tschammer's instructions and implemented them without resistance, the established clubs were allowed to keep their names (only a few named or were newly founded), and his old comrades-in-arms remained in office. He also managed that in the new professional association football, except for the head of Gau 3 (Berlin) Otto Glöckler , no newcomer from the party got into leadership positions.

Even if Linnemann and Nerz made rapid progress with the redesign of the DFB, the actual livelihood was lost. Even the successful introduction of the Tschammer Cup as a German club cup - which was well received by the football people - could not hide this. The 2-0 defeat against Norway at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin , where Adolf Hitler attended his only international match, whereupon important, previously existing support was missing and ultimately the replacement of Nerz (who resigned in 1938) appeared as a debacle. was initiated against Sepp Herberger .

Sepp Herberger led the German team to the World Cup in France in 1938 and had to have "his" team line-up "approved" or corrected by the management of the Football Association. Head of the trade association and DFB President Linnemann had not been stationed in Berlin for some time, but in Stettin. It was there that Herberger also learned that, due to a decision by Tschammer von Ostens, the large German team was to be formed from “Reich German” amateur national players and at least five (until then) professional “Austrian Germans”. This made it clear that the essential decisions were not made by either the specialist office or the DFB, even though Linnemann took the advice given to Herberger. For him, this represented the worst possible solution and made it clear to him that football, especially after the Olympic debacle, no longer had any good cards with the Nazi regime. An indication of the precarious position of football in the Third Reich is that they also applied to host the 1938 World Cup, but then waived without justification. The 112-page football yearbook 1938 dealt with the World Cup in France, where the great German team failed in the first round, the round of 16, on just one page.

After the defeats at the Olympics in 1936 and the 1938 World Cup, the Nazi leadership largely turned away from football, even though its position in world football was still quite considerable: the DFB, Ivo Schricker, the Secretary General of FIFA , provided four German players (Jakob, Kitzinger , Goldbrunner and Lehner) played in a FIFA friendly match in Amsterdam , and two others ( Albin Kitzinger and Ander Kupfer ) played against England in a European continent selection .

Gradually, the importance of the DFB was reduced because the Reich Youth Leader Baldur von Schirach had appointed Tschammer von Osten as the representative for physical education for all of German youth on December 1, 1936, and he made all decisions in German football alone. With this, however, the new dominance in all German sport was transferred to the Hitler Youth and the DFB neutralized in terms of decision-making. After the DFB had de facto no longer had any means of livelihood by 1939 at the latest, a general meeting decided on April 27, 1940 to dissolve it by July 1, 1940 and appointed three liquidators, including Linnemann. Two weeks before the general meeting in April, the DFB statutes were changed to the effect that “in the event of the dissolution of the German Football Association, the assets will go to the National Socialist Reich Association for Physical Exercise ”.

Post-war period and re-establishment

At the first meeting of the Executive Committee after the end of the Second World War in Zurich on November 10th to 12th, 1945 , FIFA decided to break off sporting relations with Germany (as well as Japan ) and thus with the national team and all associations in accordance with the FIFA Statutes at the same time a ban on all member associations to maintain sports relations with Germany. Participation of the (already dissolved) DFB and its associations in international competitions was therefore no longer possible in the post-war years. The re-established Austria, on the other hand, was able to play its own international matches again as early as 1945.

This only changed again when the English Football Association (The FA) applied to FIFA for re-admission to international gaming in 1949 after the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany. FIFA thereupon lifted the game ban on all teams, but on May 7, 1949 demanded that the respective military government in whose occupied zone an international game is to be played give its consent before every international game.

The official and legally binding re-establishment of the DFB after the war was decided on January 21, 1950 in Stuttgart at a working conference of all West German associations, with the exception of the French-occupied Saarland , which was not yet part of the new Federal Republic and two years earlier the Saarland Football Association had founded. This was accepted into FIFA in June 1950. The German Football Association was founded in July 1950 for the Soviet-occupied German Democratic Republic . The final resumption of the DFB in FIFA was already applied for at the FIFA Congress on June 22 of that year by the Swiss Football Association (SFV) , but was not decided until September 22, 1950 by the Executive Committee at its meeting in Brussels. From this point on, the DFB and its associations were again eligible to participate internationally without restriction.

With the incorporation of Saarland into the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957, the Saarland Football Association , which was previously an independent FIFA member, joined the DFB.

Bundesliga foundation

As early as 1932, the then DFB President Felix Linnemann had called for the introduction of a "Reichsliga", a professional league in which the best clubs should play off the German champions. However, the project was rejected by the regional associations. Until the 1960s, the German champion was determined in the Federal Republic among the masters of the individual leagues in group games and finals, while this was determined in the GDR since the 1949/50 season in a nationwide GDR league. In 1954, the DFB joined UEFA .

In 1955 the DFB, like the English Football Association, banned women's football . The clubs in the DFB were therefore not allowed to set up women's departments or provide sports fields. In the resolution of July 30, 1955, which was passed unanimously, it said: "In the struggle for the ball, feminine grace disappears, body and soul inevitably suffer damage and the display of the body violates morality and decency." the ban lifted.

In 1962, a few weeks after the German national team was eliminated in the quarter-finals at the World Cup in Chile, the later DFB President Hermann Neuberger again proposed the creation of a uniform top division. On July 28, 1962, the DFB Bundestag in Dortmund finally decided to introduce the Bundesliga for the 1963/64 season.

Since then, the German football championship has been played in the league system. The German champions were then played in the 30, later 34, match days of the Bundesliga. The Bundesliga has consisted of 18 teams since 1965, previously there were 16; In 1991/92 there was a one-time season with 20 clubs in the wake of reunification .

Development from 1970s to 2000

In 1974, the DFB hosted the men's soccer world championship in Germany for the first time and became the soccer world champion in its own country. The next big event was the men's European football championship in 1988 . After the GDR joined the Federal Republic on November 21, 1990, the Northeast German Football Association (NOFV), which had been formed the day before, joined the DFB at an extraordinary Bundestag in Leipzig. The regional associations, which had separated after 1945, were thus again in one federation.

In 1990 Daimler AG with the Mercedes-Benz trademark , which has supported the DFB since 1972, became the general sponsor of the DFB. The selection teams have been wearing the Mercedes star on their training jackets ever since . The contract was extended several times, the last time until 2018.

In 1995 the logo of the German Football Association was made more triangular and more open. It is now reminiscent of a Valknut . The lettering is still used today in a slightly modified form.

In 2000, the German Football League GmbH (DFL) was founded, which was entrusted with the operational management of the Bundesliga and the 2nd Bundesliga.

In 1995 and 2001, the DFB hosted the women's European football championship, and in both years the German women were also European champions.

Special stamp 2000
"100 Years of the German Football Association"

On the occasion of its 100th birthday in 2000, the DFB published its own chronicle “100 Years of the DFB: History of the German Football Association” in Sportverlag Berlin. Since the years 1933 to 1945 were only presented in a very modest and euphemistic way, there was a lot of criticism of the DFB board, so that it commissioned the historians Nils Havemann and Klaus Hildebrand to come to terms with the history of the association.

For this anniversary, the Post issued a special stamp for 110 Pfennig (postage valid at the time). It was the first round postage stamp in the Federal Republic. On May 2, 2002, another round stamp followed for the 2002 World Cup (Mi. No. 2258), which showed the flags of the world champions of the 20th century.

2001 to 2015

Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder became President in April 2001 and, during his three-year term in office, initiated a youth reform in German football. For the first time, a network of support points for talent development was set up across the country. At a cost of 10 million euros per year, it was possible to set up 392 such bases, on average one for 70 of the total of 27,000 football clubs. No boy or girl should have to travel further than 25 km. The target group was initially 11 to 17 year olds, in 2011 it was 10 to 14 year olds. The game is trained with the ball. The DFB has hired 29 base coordinators who are supposed to work with the regional associations to ensure that everything runs smoothly and that a uniform training and game philosophy is conveyed nationwide. Further cornerstones of the concept were a trainer service, school cooperation and national junior teams. An A youth league was founded, first recommended to professional clubs and later made a requirement to maintain certified junior performance centers.

The DFB logo, which was used until around mid-2008, was created in 2003 by inverting the colors and adding a circle with the national colors from the 1995 version.

After internal disputes about the administration of DFB President Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder , there was a dual leadership of the DFB from 2004 to 2006 with Mayer-Vorfelder as President and Theo Zwanziger as Managing President. In September 2006, Zwanziger became sole president.

In 2006, the DFB hosted the men's soccer world championship in the country for the second time since 1974 . The games were played in Berlin , Dortmund , Frankfurt am Main , Gelsenkirchen , Hamburg , Hanover , Kaiserslautern , Cologne , Leipzig , Munich , Nuremberg and Stuttgart . On this occasion, the Federal Republic and the federal states made considerable investments in the new construction or conversion of the stadiums and the expansion of the traffic routes.

In 2011 the DFB also hosted the Women's World Cup .

In 2014, the men's national team in Brazil won the World Cup for the fourth time .

Since 2015

Fritz Keller, 2019

The news magazine Der Spiegel reported in October 2015 about possible bribe payments in connection with the award of the 2006 soccer World Cup . The public prosecutor's office then started an investigation into tax evasion. DFB President Wolfgang Niersbach, who was DFB Media Director at the time of the award in 2000, resigned on November 9, 2015. The public prosecutor's office is also investigating him. For a while, Reinhard Rauball and Rainer Koch took over the management of the DFB.

On April 15, 2016, the previous DFB treasurer Reinhard Grindel was elected as the new president. The previous head of the presidium's office, Friedrich Curtius , became the new DFB general secretary .

As a result of the revelations and the investigations, numerous restructurings were carried out in the DFB. According to the DFB, the aim of the restructuring was to achieve a “stricter separation of the ideal area from the economic business operations”. For this purpose, the structures should be adapted in a multi-stage process. To this end, the DFB central administration was redesigned and modernized with the help of the McKinsey consultancy . The existing seven organizational units were combined in four directorates. These are the Directorate for National Teams and Academy, the Directorate for Associations, Clubs and Leagues, the Directorate for Finances and Internal Services and the Directorate for the Public and Fans. The general secretary now forms the management of the DFB together with the four directors and the chief legal officer.

At the 2018 World Cup , the national team retired as defending champions in the preliminary round.

In 2018, the DFB was awarded the hosting of the European Football Championship 2024 .

After numerous criticisms and a violation of compliance guidelines, DFB President Grindel resigned on April 2, 2019. The DFB then announced a fundamental restructuring and a change in the office of president and the management levels. On an interim basis, Rauball and Koch took over the presidency again.

At the 42nd Bundestag on September 29, 2019, Fritz Keller was elected DFB President after he was the only candidate proposed by a selection committee. In addition, the Bundestag decided that in future all commercial business operations should be grouped under the umbrella of subsidiaries, mainly DFB GmbH, and separated from non-profit activities.

According to the news magazine Der Spiegel , the DFB had the expansion and subsequent maintenance of the Wikipedia article Friedrich Curtius carried out by a consulting company. The PR agency is rewarded for this service with a one-off fee of € 15,000 and a further € 1,200 per month. The news magazine is referring to a contract between the DFB and the consulting company Esecon. Curtius as general secretary and the treasurer of the DFB would have signed the contract for the DFB.

In a secret vote on May 2, 2021, the state and regional associations Keller and Curtius withdrew their trust. The reason for this was Keller's comparison of the 1st Vice-President Rainer Koch with the judge Roland Freisler, who was active at the time of National Socialism . On May 11, 2021, the DFB announced that Keller would resign as President of the German Football Association on May 17, 2021 in order to enable the association to reposition itself.

Competitions

The following national competitions are held under the umbrella of the DFB:

Other women's, youth and amateur football competitions: 2nd women's Bundesliga , A-Juniors-Bundesliga , B-Juniors-Bundesliga , B-Juniors-Bundesliga , DFB-Juniors-Vereinspokal , DFB Ü-40-Cup.

Previous national competitions were:

3rd league

The 3rd league is the third highest division in the championship system of German club football . It became the 2008-09 season as a new pro - Liga between the 2. Bundesliga and the Regionalliga introduced.

German championship

The German football championship is the most important national title in both men's and women's football.

The German men's soccer championship has been played since 1903 and was determined in a championship final until 1948. Only since 1949 in the GDR with the introduction of the GDR Oberliga and since 1963 in the Federal Republic with the introduction of the Bundesliga has the German football champions been played in a national league. In 1991 the German Football Association of the GDR (DFV) joined the DFB. Since the 2004/05 season , the DFB is no longer the sole organizer of the men's Bundesliga: it shares this task with the DFL German Football League .

The championship was not finished three times: in 1903/04 no final was played, in 1921/22 the replay was canceled and in the 1944/45 season , due to the war , the championship final was not held . In the 2018/19 season, the DFB determined a German men's soccer champion for the 107th time.

For women, the German champion has been played in the Federal Republic since 1974 and was determined in a championship final until 1990. The champions of the regional associations that played off the German champions in the knockout system qualified for this . In 1990 a two-pronged Bundesliga was founded. This league has been single-track since 1997. In the 2018/19 season, the DFB determined a German women's soccer champion for the 46th time.

In women's football in the GDR , the championship team was played from 1979 to 1984 in a “ best determination ” among four qualified teams in a one-day short “everyone against everyone” tournament. From 1985 to 1990 the champions were determined in a final, from 1988 onwards with a return match. In the reunion - 1990/91 season not only the last East German champion title was awarded in the newly formed league Northeast, but determined with the first two teams in the final standings and the participants for the remaining two-tier Bundesliga next season.

DFB Cup and Women's DFB Cup

The DFB-Pokal has been the soccer cup competition for German club teams that has been held since 1935 . It is organized annually by the DFB and is the most important title in national club football after winning the German championship .

The winner of the DFB Cup is determined according to the knockout system . The pairings are drawn before each round. The 36 clubs of the Bundesliga and 2nd Bundesliga are qualified for the first main round, plus the best four teams from the 3rd division and 24 teams from the respective association cup competitions.

The predecessor of today's DFB Cup as a national cup competition in German football was the Tschammer Cup, which was held for the first time in 1935 and named after the then Reich sports leader Hans von Tschammer und Osten .

The women's DFB Cup has been played since 1980. The teams of the Bundesliga and the 2nd Bundesliga , the promoted to the 2nd Bundesliga and the 21 regional cup winners qualify for the competition .

Supercup / League Cup

The Supercup was played from 1987 to 1996 between the German champions and the DFB Cup winners before it was replaced by the League Cup. Since 2010 it has been held again under the sovereignty of the DFL.

The league cup was a one-time competition held by the DFB in 1973 and then annually from 1997 to 2007 in the form of a mini-tournament, which was played before the start of the Bundesliga season . It has been organized by the DFL since 2005 and has since been called the Premiere League Cup after the title sponsor . After the sponsorship contract expired, the competition was discontinued.

Federal Cup / State Cup

The Federal Cup (until 1918 Kronprinzenpokal ) was a German soccer competition in which the regional German soccer associations competed against each other. After the dissolution of the associations in 1933, the Reichsbund Cup was held in 1935–1942 as a cup competition for Germany's football districts. The country cup can be considered an unofficial successor.

As part of the national cup, men's teams from the national soccer associations have been competing against each other within the DFB since 1951. Since 1981 there has also been a tournament for U21 women’s national teams.

German amateur championship

With the introduction of the contract player status in 1950, the DFB introduced the competition for the German amateur championship. In the first few years the final took place just before the contract players' final, so that the amateur players could present themselves in front of a large crowd. However, since the 1980s the competition lost its importance and was finally discontinued in 1998.

DFB indoor cup

The DFB Indoor Cup, sometimes also called Indoor Masters, was an indoor soccer competition that was held from 1988 to 2001 under the direction of the DFB. The DFB indoor cup was the final tournament of several qualification tournaments, in which not only clubs from the Bundesliga and Bundesliga 2 but also amateur teams and foreign clubs took part.

The women's DFB indoor cup was the official German indoor championship in women's football . The competition was held from 1994 to 2015. The venue was the Hardtberghalle in Bonn . The tournament was organized by the DFB and SC 07 Bad Neuenahr .

DFB Beach Soccer Cup / German Beach Soccer Championship

The DFB Beach Soccer Cup, organized by the DFB, was held for the first time in 2013 in Rostock-Warnemünde . The two first place winners of the open state championship of the Schleswig-Holstein Football Association (SHFV) as well as the first place winners of the German Beach Soccer Cup were qualified . Since the qualification of the winner of the German Beach Soccer League (GBSL) was not planned, the DFB Beach Soccer Supercup was played for the first time and for the last time in Berlin between the winner of the DFB Beach Soccer Cup and the winner of the GBSL. The winner was qualified as a participant in the European competition, the Euro Winners Cup.

In 2014, the mode for qualifying for the DFB Beach Soccer Cup was changed. Participants were now the first two of the completed GBSL season, as well as the two finalists of the open state championship of the SHFV. The winner of the DFB Beach Soccer Cup was directly qualified for the Euro Winners Cup.

On October 24, 2014, the DFB board decided to host a German beach soccer championship and set this down as a guideline in the DFB rules of play. It has replaced the DFB Beach Soccer Cup since 2015. In the German Beach Soccer League, the four best teams qualify for the Final Four tournament for the German championship held in Warnemünde .

While the winners of the German Beach Soccer League were allowed to carry the title of German champions in 2013 and 2014, the winners of the German Beach Soccer Championship have had this right since 2015.

Success in international competitions

The German national soccer team - at that time simply called federal selection - officially appeared on the international stage for the first time on April 5, 1908, in a "friendly international match" against Switzerland . The Swiss won 5: 3 in Basel at the time , and Switzerland was subsequently also the first opponent after the First and Second World Wars and the women's national soccer team.

The DFB team has taken part in all World Cups since 1954 and in all European Championship finals tournaments since 1972 . The greatest successes include four world championship titles (1954, 1974, 1990, 2014) and three European championship trophies (1972, 1980, 1996). At the World Cup finals in 1966, 1982, 1986 and 2002, the team finished second, and in 1970, 2006 and 2010 third place. There are also three Vice European Championships (1976, 1992 and 2008).

The women's national team won the World Cup in 2003 and 2007 and eight European Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1995 , 1997 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 and 2013 ).

The DFB is the only association that has won at least one European championship for women and men in all age groups.

In 1988 the DFB hosted a four-nation tournament for the men's national team. It has been the only tournament of its kind so far.

Soccer world championships

The DFB is the only association where both women and men could become world champions. The women's team is the first to defend the title and win (2007) without conceding a goal. The men's team took part in 18 of 20 World Cup tournaments, the women in all seven tournaments.

Men's World Championship :

World Championship for Women :

European football championships

Besides the Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbal Bond, the DFB is the only association where both women and men have been able to become European champions. Both teams also won the title most often. The men's team has participated in all the finals since 1972 and has been European champion three times. Only in 1968 she could not qualify, before the DFB waived twice to participate. The women's team has participated in all European championships since 1984. In the first two events in 1984 and 1987, she was unable to qualify for the final round of the last four, between 1989 and 2013 Germany won the title eight times in nine tournaments.

European Men's Championship :

European Women's Championship :

Olympic games

Germany is the only men's world champion who has never been an Olympic champion. At the time of the division of Germany in 1976 in Montreal with the GDR national team, the only German national team was Olympic champion. The greatest Olympic success of reunified Germany was winning the silver medal in 2016 for the men. Germany's senior team took part in the Olympic Games up to the Second World War, later the amateur selection and in 1984 and 1988 the Olympic selection for the Federal Republic of Germany the men. (see German national soccer team / Olympic Games ). The senior national team has always participated in the women's Olympic soccer tournament , which has been taking place since 1996 . Only in 1996 was the preliminary round not survived. The team failed to qualify for the first time in 2012, but won the gold medal for the first time four years later. For 2020, the women could not qualify, the men with second place in the U-21 European Championship 2019.

Confederations Cup

The national team has taken part in the Confederations Cup three times so far, as European champions in 1999, as hosts in 2005 and as world champions in 2017 ; twice (1997 and 2003) the European and vice-world champions did not participate. Germany was not qualified for the 2009 and 2013 tournaments.

Juniors

As with the seniors, Germany is the only country that was able to win the respective world championships with both the U-20 juniors and the U-20 juniors. The most successful junior team is the female U-17 , who has been European champion seven times. In 2009, Germany became the reigning European champion in all male junior classes for the first time by winning the U-21 European Championship for men. In 1992 and 2009 the DFB received the Maurice Burlaz Trophy for its youth work .

UEFA five-year ranking

The UEFA five-year ranking , which is used to determine the number of football associations starting places in the European Cup , is not related to the national teams . The results of the club teams also show their placement in the UEFA five-year ranking : (in brackets, the previous year's placement
) . The abbreviations CL , EL and ECL after the country coefficients indicate the number of representatives in the 2021/22 season of the Champions League , the Europa League and the Europa Conference League .

Status: End of the 2019/20 European Cup season

Organization and structure

Members

Development of membership numbers

Members of the DFB are - apart from honorary memberships, for example for outgoing DFB presidents - exclusively the German regional and state associations as well as the league association that organizes the Bundesliga and the 2nd Bundesliga . The clubs participating in the game are, however, amalgamated in the regional associations that are geographically responsible for them and are therefore only indirectly linked to the DFB. The associations affiliated to the DFB represent more than 25,000 clubs with almost 7 million members. They form almost 165,000 men's and women's teams participating in matches of all ages. While the number of club members has continued to rise in recent years, the number of clubs affiliated to the DFB member associations has declined since the maximum in 1997.

Regional associations and their national associations

The five regional associations of the DFB and their subdivision into a total of 21 regional associations

The following five regional and 21 state associations are members of the DFB:

  • North German Football Association (NFV) as a regional association and the regional associations that make up it:
  • Northeast German Football Association (NOFV) as a regional association and the regional associations that make up it:
  • West German Football Association (WDFV) as a regional association and the regional associations that make up it:
  • South German Football Association (SFV) as a regional association and the state associations that make up it:
  • Football Regional Association Southwest (FRVS) as a regional association and the regional associations that make up it:
  • The areas of responsibility of 13 regional associations each almost correspond to the boundaries of the eponymous federal states. Rhineland-Palatinate, on the other hand, is divided into the two regional associations Rhineland (FVR) and Southwest (SWFV). Baden-Württemberg is divided into the three regional associations Baden (BFV), South Baden (SBFV) and Württemberg (WFV). North Rhine-Westphalia is divided into Lower Rhine (FVN), Middle Rhine (FVM) and Westphalia (FLVW). There are further exceptions in the respective “surrounding areas” of Hamburg and Bremen. While the BFV only hosts individual clubs from Lower Saxony, the clubs in the Pinneberg district now play in the HFV without exception , as do numerous clubs from the districts bordering to the northeast and (only) two from Lower Saxony. All of this has historically developed in this way. Furthermore, some clubs from Bavaria belong to the Württemberg Football Association or the Hessian Football Association . FC Büsingen is part of the Zurich Region Football Association in Switzerland.

    DFB Bundestag

    The highest body of the DFB is the DFB Bundestag . Representatives of the regional and state associations, the DFL and other bodies of the DFB are represented at this meeting. One of the tasks of the Bundestag is to elect the president.

    Presidents

    11933–1945 also head of the Football Department , the superordinate, then successor organization during the Nazi era , when the DFB (from 1940) was dissolved.
    22004–2006 as dual leadership with Mayer-Vorfelder as president and Zwanziger as managing president. As of September 2006, Zwanziger was sole president.

    Board of Directors and Presidium

    Board

    The board of directors of the DFB consists of the presidents of the five regional and 21 regional associations, twelve representatives of the DFL and the members of the executive committee.

    Bureau

    In addition to the President, members of the DFB Presidium are:

    Vice President
    Advisory members

    Other organs, bodies or committees of the DFB

    Other statutory organs and committees of the DFB are:

    • DFB Federal Court
    • DFB sports court
    • Game Committee
    • Youth Committee
    • Referee Committee
    • Committee on Women's and Girls' Football
    • Committee for Beach Soccer, Leisure and Popular Sports
    • Committee 3rd League
    • Committee for women's national leagues
    • Control committee
    • Examination Board
    • Ethics Committee

    Ethics Committee

    At the DFB Bundestag 2016 in Erfurt, the delegates decided to set up an ethics committee. Former Federal Minister Klaus Kinkel was elected chairman of the five-person ethics committee. Kinkel held the office until his death on March 4, 2019. He was succeeded in September 2019 by Thomas Oppermann, Vice President of the German Bundestag.

    Management and DFB central administration

    DFB General Secretary Friedrich Curtius heads the DFB central administration, which is located in the Hermann-Neuberger-Haus in Frankfurt's Otto-Fleck-Schneise. After completion of the planned DFB Academy, the central administration is to move into the new building.

    Below the Secretary General, four Directors manage the following areas:

    • Directorate for Associations, Clubs and Leagues: Heike Ullrich (since July 2020 also Deputy Secretary General)
    • National Teams and Football Development Directorate: Oliver Bierhoff
    • Public and Fans Directorate: Mirjam Berle
    • Finance and Internal Services Directorate: Markus Holzherr

    The chief legal advisor is Jörg Englisch, who is assigned to the Finance and Internal Services Directorate.

    The general secretary, the directors and the chief legal officer make up the DFB management.

    Subsidiaries

    DFB-Wirtschaftsdienste GmbH

    In 1981, an independent GmbH for marketing was founded under the name DFB-Wirtschaftsdienste. In 1993, the cooperation with Euro Lloyd resulted in a company that has been known as the DFB Travel Agency since 2013.

    DFB GmbH

    DFB GmbH
    legal form GmbH
    founding 2007
    Seat Frankfurt am Main
    management Management: Frank Biendara, Holger Blask
    Branch Entertainment industry
    Website dfb.de

    In 2007 all economic activities of the DFB were bundled in the DFB GmbH. This consists of the three areas of Marketing & Sales, IT & Digital and Event Management. The managing directors of DFB GmbH until autumn 2019 were Denni Strich (Marketing) and Frank Biendara (IT & Digital). After Strich left the company, Managing Director Frank Biendara took over management with the authorized signatories Steffen Iredi (Director Technology & Operations) and Michael Kirchner (Director Event Management). On August 1, 2020, the previous DFL Director for Audiovisual Rights, Holger Blask, became Director of Marketing and Sales at DFB GmbH.

    As part of the planned reform of the DFB, which was decided by the DFB Bundestag in autumn 2019 , almost all of the DFB's activities are to be outsourced to DFB GmbH. The DFB President should then act as Chairman of the Supervisory Board. The current general secretary Friedrich Curtius as chairman of the management and Oliver Bierhoff as managing director for sport are to take over the operational management.

    DFB EURO GmbH

    The DFB founded the subsidiary DFB EURO GmbH to plan and organize the matches of the 2021 European Championship in Munich and the 2024 European Championship in Germany . The managing directors are Philipp Lahm and Markus Stenger.

    financing

    For the year 2015, the income was shown at 228.1 million and the expenditure at 224.6 million, so that a surplus of 3.5 million euros was created. The high reserves, which had risen to 167.8 million, were criticized.

    The financial report for the 2019 financial year shows that the DFB generated income of 405.2 million euros, of which 183 million came from sponsorship, 120 million from competitions and matches and 74 million from the national teams. The expense amounted to 385.7 million euros, including 111 million euros for competitions and match operations and 81 million euros for administration and communication. This resulted in a surplus of 19.5 million euros for 2019. The senior national team earned 70 million euros at a cost of 22 million euros. As of December 31, 2019, equity of EUR 170 million, provisions of EUR 64 million and liabilities of EUR 143 million were recognized.

    Sponsorship

    Current sponsors and partners of the DFB are Adidas , Volkswagen , bwin , Lufthansa , Coca-Cola , Deutsche Post , Commerzbank , Deutsche Telekom , Engelbert Strauss , flyeralarm , Rewe , SAP and Samsung (as of August 2019). Adidas pays around 50 million euros annually, Volkswagen 25 to 30 million euros.

    Facilities

    German Football Museum

    The German Football Museum was opened on October 23, 2015 as the official national football museum of the German Football Association (DFB) in Dortmund . The museum is dedicated to the highlights of German football history, such as the 2014 World Cup victory, in an experience-oriented atmosphere.

    Football academy

    The DFB has been planning to build a central soccer academy since 2015 . In addition to training areas, this should also offer space for the DFB administration and a press center. The DFB decided to remain in Frankfurt am Main and received the grounds of the Niederrad racecourse from the city through heritable building rights . The project was controversial in Frankfurt. A citizens' initiative was able to reach a referendum in which the future of the racecourse should be decided on June 21, 2015. Although a majority voted in favor of keeping the racecourse, the necessary turnout did not materialize, so the initiative failed. On July 27, 2017, the Frankfurt Higher Regional Court ruled that the Frankfurter Renn-Klub e. V., as the previous operator, had to clear the area, which provided the legal basis for the construction of the DFB Academy, which cost around 140 million euros. After the Federal Court of Justice rejected an application to suspend the eviction of the racetrack area on September 20, 2017, the racing club gave up its resistance in that its treasurer, Carl Philip Graf zu Solms, handed the keys to the office to the bailiff. The DFB finally decided on the project at an extraordinary Bundestag on December 8, 2017.

    According to the current status of planning (2019), the academy should include the training facilities, an athlete's house, three natural grass pitches and an artificial turf indoor field according to FIFA standards, several smaller soccer fields and a multi-purpose hall, with five hectares of expansion space still available. The laying of the foundation stone took place on September 26, 2019 in the presence of Chancellor Angela Merkel and national coaches Martina Voss-Tecklenburg and Joachim Löw .

    Commitment against racism and neo-Nazism

    The DFB speaks out against racism and xenophobia on various occasions. To improve the integration of migrants, who looked at the then DFB president Theo Zwanziger as an "important socio-political issue" on which the DFB must contribute, the Office of the Commissioner for Integration on the board of the DFB was created, the 2006-2016 Gül Keskinler filled out. In November 2016, the former German international Cacau was appointed as her successor.

    The national team also promotes the “Netz gegen Nazis” campaign, which was initiated by the weekly newspaper “ Die Zeit ” and is supported by the DFB, the DFL, the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) and the German Fire Brigade Association. This campaign “aims to educate people about how right-wing extremist tendencies creep into our everyday lives”. The honorary president of the DFB Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder described the support of this “Netz gegen Nazis” campaign as “probably a bit premature” because it lumped “conservative institutions like Junge Freiheit or the Weikersheim study center in the same pot with neo-Nazis”.

    The DFB sees its “Against Right” campaigns in the context of the corresponding commitment by UEFA and FIFA. At the suggestion of the federal government, statements against racism were read out at the 2006 World Cup before the quarter-finals, which the 2008 European Championship in Austria and Switzerland took up for the semi-finals.

    In July 2008 it was decided to appoint DFB integration ambassadors. Previous DFB integration ambassadors have included. Robert Enke , Cacau, Serdar Taşçı , Jimmy Hartwig and Célia Šašić .

    On November 6, 2009, the DFB was awarded the German Sustainability Prize for its work with young talent, for the construction of 1,000 mini-pitches all over Germany, financed with 25 million euros, and for its contributions to integration .

    Awards

    The DFB awards various awards for many years of successful work in the association. This includes:

    Since 2005, the DFB's greatest young players have been honored with the Fritz Walter Medal . In addition, the association has been honoring the national player of the year since 2010 and also the national player of the year since 2012 . The award takes place after a vote on the Internet, in which anyone registered on the DFB website can participate.

    National player of the year
    National player of the year

    Trivia

    The first charity game in DFB history took place on October 5, 1993. In Augsburg's Rosenaustadion , the national team played against "Bundesliga international", a selection of foreign Bundesliga professionals. The motto: "Peacefully with one another - my friend is a foreigner ".

    Since January 2006 (officially presented on March 23, 2006) the mascot of the DFB has been an eagle with black plumage and yellow beak named "Paule".

    The official DFB song was Running With A Dream until 2013 . The idea for it came from Berti Vogts , the music from the Englishman Mike Batt . The world premiere took place on September 6, 1997 in Berlin. The DFB explained: “All of our fans should identify with this song. At the same time, it is an incentive for our youth because it tells of a dream that will become truth - of a dream of a great career in sport that you can work hard for. The song should become the permanent acoustic trademark of the national team. ”In 1998, however, the song did not get a great response from the population and only barely reached the top 100 of the German music rankings . He missed his goal of becoming an acoustic trademark of the national team and was quickly forgotten. As part of its 41st Ordinary Bundestag , the DFB presented a new anthem on October 24, 2013, composed by Yohann Zveig . It serves as warm-up music for international matches and the DFB Cup final and is used as background music for films and at DFB events.

    Since 2008, the national team of authors (Autonama) has been supported by the DFB's cultural foundation and the Federal Foreign Office . Sponsors are the sporting goods company of ex-national goalkeeper Dieter Burdenski and the weekly newspaper Die Zeit .

    criticism

    In the last century the DFB was involved in some political developments that are problematic from today's perspective. During the First World War, for example, there were publications that followed war propaganda insofar as they supported German fantasies of great power. Since German football experienced an upswing in the early years of National Socialism, National Socialist beliefs were very popular within German football, both among players and officials. In addition, the DFB ignored the increasing exclusion of Jews or it took place in their own ranks.

    literature

    • German Football Association (Ed.): 100 Years of the DFB: History of the German Football Association. SVB Sportverlag Berlin, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-328-00850-0 and ISBN 3-328-00870-5 (gift edition).
    • Nils Havemann : Football under the swastika. The DFB between sport, politics and commerce . Campus-Verlag: Frankfurt am Main / New York 2005, ISBN 3-593-37906-6 ; Licensed edition of the Federal Agency for Political Education, Bonn 2005, ISBN 3-89331-644-2 ( series of publications of the Federal Agency for Political Education , vol. 519).
    • Arthur Heinrich: The German Football Association. A political story. Papyrossa Verlagsgesellschaft, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-89438-194-9 .

    Web links

    Commons : Deutscher Fußball-Bund  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

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    2. a b 2020 inventory (PDF) German Olympic Sports Confederation, accessed on January 19, 2021 .
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    5. Hans-Peter Hock: The Dresden Football Club and the beginnings of football in Europe . Arete Verlag, Hildesheim 2016, p. 19.
    6. Hans-Peter Hock: The Dresden Football Club and the beginnings of football in Europe . Arete Verlag, Hildesheim 2016, p. 30.
    7. ^ A b Hans-Peter Hock: The Dresden Football Club and the beginnings of football in Europe . Arete Verlag, Hildesheim 2016, p. 39.
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    13. "The most important tasks in the management and administration of football have been transferred from the federal government to the specialist office, such as the implementation of the championships and club cup games with all the necessary technical and administrative work" (jurisdiction, training work and financing are expressly mentioned, JC) " (...) The German Football Association has continued to exist as a comradely association. In addition to managing the assets he has taken over, he has retained the management and implementation of international traffic. ”- Felix Linnemann: The new regulations for football, in: Deutscher Fußball-Sport No. 13 of June 28, 1935, page 293 (start of a multi-part series )
    14. Jankowski / Pistorius / Prüß: Fußball im Norden , Bremen and Barsinghausen 2005, page 72
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    17. see Havemann 2006, p. 211.
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    Remarks

    1. Ernst Fuhry only worked for the DFB in 1929.