Martino-Katharineum Braunschweig

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Martino-Katharineum
Braunschweig Brunswick Martino-Katharineum main building.jpg
Main building of the Martino-Katharineum
type of school high school
founding 1415
address

Breite Strasse 3–4
38100 Braunschweig

place Braunschweig
country Lower Saxony
Country Germany
Coordinates 52 ° 15 '49 "  N , 10 ° 30' 57"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 15 '49 "  N , 10 ° 30' 57"  E
carrier State of Lower Saxony
student 920
Teachers 82
Website www.mk-braunschweig.de

The Martino-Katharineum is a grammar school in Braunschweig . It has its roots in the Latin schools Martineum and Katharineum, founded in 1415 .

history

Postcard (probably from the 1920s): Fricke Tweedorp brings Pope Johannes XXIII's founding document . for the two Latin schools Martineum and Katharineum from Konstanz to Braunschweig.

At the beginning of the 15th century, the city council decided to set up its own Latin city schools, which were not subordinate to the clergy and therefore did not give priority to the training of priests. The city's request was granted in 1415 by antipope Johannes (XXIII.) In the founding deed , which Mayor Fricke van Twedorp brought to Braunschweig from the Council of Constance :

"[...] order based on our apostolic authority through the wording of this document that a very similar school of the type mentioned may be founded and continued in the Church of St. Martin and that of St. Catherine [...]"

In 1419 the foundation was confirmed by Pope Martin V in a document. The content of the privilege that has now been issued is a repetition of the document that Fricke van Twedorp brought home, and therefore its confirmation. In this respect, it was possible in 2015 to look back on a 600-year tradition in Braunschweig, by far the oldest urban school in the city and one of the oldest in Lower Saxony.

Two schools were created, which were located in close proximity to the St. Martini Church and St. Katharine Church and thus bore the names Martineum and Katharineum . The Martineum was the school for the soft pictures Altstadt , Altewiek and Sack , while the Katharineum was responsible for the Hagen and Neustadt .

Martineum

1415–1595: Jakobstrasse

The first school buildings of the Martineum, two half-timbered houses, a two-story front building and a single-story rear building, were located on Jakobstraße and were initially intended for three school classes. After the Reformation , there was no longer enough space due to the increasing number of pupils, so that the school board decided to build a new building in 1578, which was not completed until 1595 due to financial problems. The two buildings of the first martineum continued to be called "old school" and were only demolished in 1884, when they fell victim to the construction of Brabandtstrasse.

1595–1828: goat market

The new buildings of the Martineum, built between 1592 and 1595 under the leadership of the general builder Hans Lampe , stood on the southern Ziegenmarkt (today Bankplatz 1 and / or 2) and consisted of a two-storey front building in which the director and his deputy initially lived, and the actual school building, the rear building of about the same size, which offered space for five classes.

The Martins portal of the Martineum , today the entrance to the auditorium

The Martins portal from 1592 , probably created by Balthasar Kircher, was located on the school building . The figures on the roof of the Renaissance portal embody the Seven Liberal Arts (from left to right: grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, music, arithmetic, geometry and astronomy). In the top center is the image of St. Martin .

On Martineum many scholars were active, including the Baroque - philosopher Hermann Nicephorus . In 1745 the Martineum was raised to the rank of grammar school .

Towards the end of the 18th century the number of students decreased to 50, so that the continued existence of the Martineum was endangered. Only when Scheffler became director in 1801 did the situation temporarily improve. Nevertheless, Scheffler suggested converting it to a secondary school to increase the number of students, but could not prevail. When Brandes founded a private real institute in 1825 , which was very popular, the Martineum also came under so much pressure that a school commission had to be convened in 1827.

1828–1869: Progymnasium

On January 15, 1828 Martineum with the Katharineum and the newly created Latin loose was grammar school , today's new high school to a humanistic educational institution, a total school summarized. As an upper secondary school , the Katharineum remained in its premises on Hagenmarkt. The Martineum as a Progymnasium also remained in its premises, but had to accommodate the Realgymnasium in the school building on Ziegenmarkt, so that further classrooms were set up on the ground floor of the front building in 1836. In addition, there were disputes between the pro and high school students, which often degenerated into real "student battles", so that in 1856 the high school moved to the former Katharinenschule on Hagenmarkt and the upper high school (Katharineum) to the Progymnasium (Martineum) on Ziegenmarkt. As the number of pupils continued to rise, a joint new building for the new Martino-Katharineum and the Realgymnasium with separate schoolyards, gymnasiums and director's and caretaker's houses between Breiten Strasse and Scharrnstrasse was decided in 1866 , which could be occupied in 1869. In July 1870, the old school buildings on Ziegenmarkt were sold to the Wittekop chocolate factory . During the bombing raid on Braunschweig on October 15, 1944 , the almost 350-year-old buildings were finally destroyed.

Katharineum

1415–1537: At the Katharinenkirche

The first school building of the Katharineum was in the street An der Katharinenkirche . Due to the ever increasing number of students, however, a larger building was needed more and more urgently. In 1537, the Pauline monastery , which had been secularized as a result of the Reformation, was transferred to the administration of the city of Braunschweig and thus served as the armory and new premises of the Katharineum. The almost 530-year-old schoolhouse at the Katharinenkirche was destroyed in the bombing raid on Braunschweig on October 15, 1944.

1537–1700: In the Pauline monastery

The premises that the Katharineum moved into in 1537 were in the eastern part of the Pauline monastery and some of them were only poorly repaired. This part of the monastery was located where the buildings of the Norddeutsche Landessparkasse and the district government merge today on Bohlweg. Due to the progressive dilapidation in the course of the 17th century, the noisy hustle and bustle of the provision house workers and the constant odor nuisance caused by pigsties on the neighboring properties, regular teaching had become more and more difficult. After Braunschweig had become a garrison town in 1671 , the Katharineum became a ducal institution in 1682 and was finally able to implement his wish to build a new school.

1700–1828: Hagenmarkt

Almost five years of construction had passed when the new Katharinenschule was inaugurated on July 8, 1700. The area on which the school building was first erected extended from the Hagenmarkt to the Oker, which at that time still flowed through this area . The director's house on Hagenmarkt was built around 1740, but had to be ceded to the Collegium Carolinum a few years later . The director then lived in a small house on Wendenstrasse . Like the Martineum, the Katharineum was raised to the rank of grammar school in 1745 . In 1885, when Casparistraße broke through from Ruhfäutchenplatz to Hagenmarkt, all the buildings on this school complex were demolished.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Katharineum opened up to more realistic subjects and new languages ​​under Director Heusinger. For example, students who did not want to study could be granted a dispensation for certain subjects. This changed suddenly in 1824 when Friedemann became director. As soon as he started, he expressly opposed reform efforts in the direction of a secondary school.

When a private, technically oriented secondary school was founded in 1825 (the predecessor of today's Neue Oberschule ), which immediately attracted a large number of more than 60 students, the traditional secondary schools had to fear for their existence. A hastily convened school commission suggested that it should be combined into a comprehensive grammar school, and Friedemann also became the director of the entire school.

1828–1869: Upper secondary school

On January 15, 1828, the Katharineum was combined with the Martineum and the Realgymnasium without Latin to form a humanistic teaching institution, a comprehensive high school . Friedemann left Braunschweig in the fall of 1828 in a dispute, including with Petri from the Collegium Carolinum.

As an upper secondary school , the Katharineum remained in its premises on Hagenmarkt. The Martineum as a Progymnasium also remained in its premises, but had to accommodate the Realgymnasium in the school building on Ziegenmarkt, so that further classrooms were set up there on the ground floor of the front building in 1836. In addition, there were disputes between the pro and high school students, which often degenerated into real "student battles", so that in 1856 the high school moved to the former Katharinenschule on Hagenmarkt and the upper high school (Katharineum) to the Progymnasium (Martineum) on Ziegenmarkt. As the number of pupils continued to rise, a joint new building for the new Martino-Katharineum and the Realgymnasium with separate schoolyards, gymnasiums and director's and caretaker's houses between Breiten Strasse and Scharrnstrasse was decided in 1866 , which could be occupied in 1869.

Martino-Katharineum

1869–1944: Breite Strasse

After a construction period of three years, on October 12, 1869, the new building of the school on Breite Straße , created by Friedrich Maria Krahe in a neo-romantic style, was inaugurated. In memory of the old Martineum, next to the Martins portal, which served as the entrance door to the school building, two stone tablets from 1595, originally decorated with gold inscriptions, were set into the wall of the school yard. Since the inauguration of the school the number of pupils has increased and since the Prima had consisted of a single class with 49 pupils since Easter 1872, it was divided into the one-year upper prima (21 pupils) and lower prima (22 pupils) at Michaelis 1872.

Postcard "Primaner-Verein des MK" with green-gold-green coat of arms and motto PRIMA VIVAT CRESCAT FLOREAT! (1907)

The Primaner-Verein des MK (student association)

In 1863 the so-called Primanerverein was founded by particularly active high school students with the approval of the director at the time , August Krüger , in order to provide the opportunity for mutual spiritual stimulation and social support. Since it was founded, the great majority of all Primans had been members and so on September 26, 1888, when the Primans Club was 25 years old, former students held a large festive get-together for around 200 current and former Primans; among them the founders of the Priman Club. The festival, in which the teachers of the grammar school also took part and at which the assembled the upper prima donated a large engraving ( Das Theatrum von Taormina ) and the lower prima a large etching ( Die Wartburg ), took place in Behneckes Saalbau in the form of one Kommerses instead.

1944–2018: After the Second World War

The school building, which was rebuilt between 1952 and 1955, along with its valuable library of 20,000 volumes, fell victim to the bombing of Braunschweig on October 15, 1944. The Martins portal was recovered from the rubble and has served as the entrance to the auditorium since 1953. The two stone tablets originally decorated with gold inscriptions from 1595, which were embedded in the wall of the schoolyard in 1869, are now in the entrance side of the auditorium. The rebuilt middle section and south wing of the school were inaugurated on October 17, 1953, until the completion of the natural science wing in 1955, however, the lessons still suffered from the construction work.

Although the space on offer had proven to be too small as early as the 1960s, it was not until November 28, 1980, after more than ten years of intensive negotiations with the authorities and construction began on June 27, 1979, that the extension of the south wing was inaugurated to accommodate the continued increase in the number of students To take into account.

In 2011 the new forum building was opened on Breite Straße with rooms for the music department, the media library and the open all-day school. In 2015, the 600th anniversary was celebrated in the city and school.

Current

Today the Martino-Katharineum has around 920 pupils who are taught by 85 teachers at two locations (grades 5 and 6: Echternstrasse school; grades 7–12: Breite Strasse). The Martino-Katharineum is certified as a partner school for competitive sports (volleyball and hockey) and as an environmental school in Europe and has had an open all-day program since 2005. Interested students therefore have the opportunity when registering to choose a special course offer - the wind class or the sports class. Since 2018 the Martino-Katharineum has been a recognized "School without Racism - School with Courage". The variety of the Martino-Katharineum is shown by:

  • Foreign languages: English , French , Latin , Japanese ; additional Spanish as a study group
  • Exchange programs: partner schools in Reston / Virginia and Portland / Oregon (both USA), Paris (France), Mexico City (Mexico), Tokyo (Japan), Zuhai (China)
  • Profile offers as compulsory elective courses in grades 7, 8 and 9: IT, natural sciences, history / politics, music, art / performing games
  • Bilingual lessons (from grade 7)
  • MKBig band, chamber orchestra, choirs, drum group
  • Participation in "Jugend forscht"
  • Physics for bright minds
  • mk: return : Student company that collects empty printer cartridges and cartridges and donates the money to the school.
  • mk: vista : Former students support students in their study and career orientation
  • Project "Economy Direct"
  • Project "Experts to School"
  • mkantat: school choir (from grade 7, under grade 7: mkantino)
  • Medien-AG: responsible for the homepage and the yearbook

the big dream

The story of MK teacher Konrad Koch was used in 2011 as a template for the feature film " The Great Dream " as a freely modified template. After a stay in England, Konrad Koch got to know the football game, which was just flourishing there, and introduced it to the Martino-Katharineum in 1874 against strong opposition from the conservative, German-style teaching staff. He translated the still flowing rules of the game into German and created completely new terms such as “pass”, “offside”, “corner ball” etc. Since the current building of the high school no longer corresponds to the building of 1869, exterior shots were taken in the high school in the castle shot in Wolfenbüttel .

Famous pepole

principal

Source:

Teachers (without headmasters) (selection)

Source:

Martineum

  • Johann Zanger the Elder (1517–1587), cantor from 1545
  • Johann Wilhelm Jelpke (1717 / 1720–1764 / 1783), theologian, since 1747 vice rector of the Martineum
  • Carl Curio (1754–1815), educator, publicist and co-founder of the oldest teachers' association that still exists today

Katharineum

Martino-Katharineum

Former students of the Martineum

Former students of the Katharineum

Former students of the Martino-Katharineum

literature

  • Richard Elster (Ed.): 1415-1915. Martino-Katharineum grammar school in Braunschweig. Festschrift for the 500th anniversary on March 17th and 18th, 1926. Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1926, 212 pp.
  • Johann Dietrich Bödeker: 1415. 1965. 550 years of Martino Katharineum. Festschrift for the 550th anniversary on May 29 - June 3, 1965. Orphanage printing and publishing house, Braunschweig, 1965.
  • College of the Martino-Katharineum grammar school (ed.): School pictures from Braunschweig. 575 years of Martino-Katharineum. 1415-1990. Oeding Druck und Verlag, Braunschweig, 1990.
  • Henning Steinführer (Ed.): City - School - Church. Martino-Katharineum 1415-2015. Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2015, ISBN 978-3-944939-11-7 .

Web links

Commons : Martino-Katharineum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Joachim Lehrmann : Fricke van Twedorp / von Zweydorff - From the life of a patrician and cymbal entrepreneur in the Braunschweiger Neustadt - around 1400 . In: Braunschweigische Heimat, 2016, pp. 8–19.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Joachim Holzhausen: The school buildings and their locations. In: School pictures from Braunschweig. 575 years of Martino-Katharineum. 1415-1990. College of the Martino-Katharineum grammar school (ed.), Oeding Druck und Verlag, Braunschweig, 1990, pp. 10-19.
  3. ↑ a b c Aribert Marohn: School pictures. A historical anthology on the 575th anniversary of the Martino-Katharineum. In: School pictures from Braunschweig. 575 years of Martino-Katharineum. 1415-1990. College of the Martino-Katharineum grammar school (ed.), Oeding Druck und Verlag, Braunschweig, 1990, p. 25.
  4. ↑ a b c Koldewey, Friedrich: History of the school system in the Duchy of Braunschweig: from the earliest times to the assumption of government of Duke Wilhelm in 1831 / Overview presented. by Friedrich Koldewey . S. 213 ff ., urn : nbn: de: gbv: 084-19707 .
  5. ↑ Friedrich Traugott Friedemann: Friedemann's Compulsory Declaration . In: Critical Library for Schools and Education . tape 2 , no. 71 , 1828, pp. 561-562 .
  6. ^ Karl Theodor Gravenhorst: II. School news from the director of the grammar school, Schulrath C. Th. Gravenhorst In: Program of the grammar school Martino-Catharineum before the upper and Progymnasium in Braunschweig. Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig, 1874, p. 32 u. 37.
  7. ↑ Herzogliches Gymnasium Martino-Katharineum zu Braunschweig: Annual report of the Herzogliches Gymnasium Martino-Katharineum zu Braunschweig. Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig, 1889, p. 17.
  8. ↑ mk-braunschweig.de
  9. ^ A b Friedrich Koldewey: Directory of the directors and teachers of the Martino-Katharineum grammar school in Braunschweig since 1828. Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig, 1894.
  10. ↑ Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Günter Scheel (ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon. 19th and 20th centuries , Hannover 1996, p. 24
  11. ↑ Reinhard Bein : Zeitzeichen - Stadt und Land Braunschweig 1930–1945 , 2nd edition, Braunschweig 2006, p. 281