Collegium Carolinum (Braunschweig)

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Collegium Carolinum
Collegium Carolinum around 1800.jpg
Collegium Carolinum around 1746
type of school between high school and university
founding 1745
closure 1862 (conversion to polytechnic )
address

Bohlweg

place Braunschweig
Coordinates 52 ° 15 '59 "  N , 10 ° 31' 30"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 15 '59 "  N , 10 ° 31' 30"  E

The ducal Collegium Carolinum was founded on the initiative of the theologian Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem and with the approval of Duke Karl von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Braunschweig and opened on July 5, 1745. Jerusalem entered the Duke's service in the summer of 1742 to take on the education of the young Hereditary Prince Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand and the office of court preacher. Soon he presented the duke with the first plans for a new type of educational institution, which the duke had implemented.

history

Until the re-establishment, the school education took place in the monastery school in Marienthal near Helmstedt. On the one hand, this had become dilapidated and, on the other hand, the two previous teachers had died at the end of 1742, so that only a renovation or a new establishment of an educational institution was considered. The previous school offered space for 12 students with free board and lodging. Several drafts were submitted to the Duke, who was accommodated by moving to Braunschweig, largely following Jerusalem's proposals. He proposed an educational institution that should make it possible to impart knowledge of the fine sciences as well as Greek and Roman culture. The facility should be run as a “Gymnasium illustrious” or “academicum” based on a knight academy . In particular, a restriction to members of the nobility should be avoided in order to give everyone who wanted to take up a non-academic profession access to a solid general education. The previous forms of Latin schools were unsuitable, said Jerusalem, and he explained:

“The lack lies not in the number or in the skills of the teachers, but in the whole organization of these institutions. On the one hand, they would not be placed in an appropriate relationship to the universities, on the other hand, they would only have those students in mind who wanted to make their career out of learning. These […] would take nothing with them but a poor supply of Latin and even fewer Greek words. [...] But for such young people who do not want to become so-called scholars, the Latin schools are not at all suitable. And yet "those who made use of the largest world trades in the world, who dealt with the establishment of charitable institutions, trading, the improvement of natural produce, increasing the trade and country house keeping, who relied on mechanical arts, [...]" made one as important part of the community as the scholars. The state has an urgent obligation to take their appropriate training seriously. "

The Duke approved these plans, so that the “Ducal Collegium Carolinum” named after him was built in Braunschweig on Bohlweg . For this, an existing building complex was selected, which was located north of the Hagenscharrn . It was the bourgeois property with the numbers 2096 and 2097. This was bought by the government in 1671 and used as a commandant's house. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem and Johann Lorenz von Mosheim acted as curators . Jerusalem wrote advertising brochures for the new institution, some of which were translated into English and French, so that the “Collegium Carolinum” was made known abroad beyond the borders of the duchy. The teaching at the facility was at a high level, as scholars such as Christian Fürchtegott Gellert , Christian Gottlob Heyne and Abraham Gotthelf Kästner attested.

The new educational institution, which had set itself the goal of both vocational training and academic qualification, was initially well received and well attended. However, it did not meet the requirements of the promised level; In addition, the visit to the facility was very costly. The Collegium Carolinum increasingly developed into a financial grant business. Therefore, in 1774 an attempt was made to increase the number of students by reducing tuition fees and housing costs. At the same time, children from middle-class families who wanted to study at the state university in Helmstedt were obliged to complete the college. A merger with the University of Helmstedt planned for 1791, however, was not realized. There was a separate class for English-speaking students attending the college. These were trained in the German language and literature. From 1782 to 1790 Johann Joachim Eschenburg directed these classes.

The institution had a library that was approved by Duke Charles I on May 18, 1748 with the signing of the Instruction for the Bibliothecarium des Collegii Carolini . The selection of books for the basic stock was taken over by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem from the library of Duke Ludwig Rudolph .

The previous building complex was later demolished. The farewell speech was given on October 19, 1877 by Louis Philippe Sy, who had worked there for 39 years. He concluded with the words:

“But you, dear place, who once shone like a shining lamp - goodbye! [...]
If yesterday was clear and open to
you, you seem happy and free today: You can
also hope for a tomorrow that is
no less happy! "

First of all, in 1882 there were plans for a subsequent use of the now vacant premises of the Collegium Carolinum by a newly founded humanistic grammar school. This included a new museum building for the Ducal Museum and a new school building. However, the realization failed because of an expert opinion that suggested a relocation further to the eastern part of the urban area.

Structure 1754 to 1834

The focus of the lessons was particularly on the humanities. The educational offer included lectures on technical, scientific, linguistic and humanities, theological and medical topics, but also the physical training of students, including lessons in the areas of music, dance, fencing, horse riding and instruction in wood turning and glass cutting. The so-called lecturers did not belong to the permanent teaching staff of the facility, they only had permission to hold lectures there.

The content of the lectures was adapted to the progress of technology and new knowledge in the natural and human sciences of the 18th and 19th centuries. During the time of the occupation of Braunschweig by Napoleonic troops (1807–1813) it was used as a military academy .

Subject area 1745 1774 1784 1794 1808 1834
full professors
Humanities 7th 8th 8th 7th 7th 5
science and technology 1 1 1 2 3 3
extraordinary professors
Humanities 0 1 2 1 1 1
science and technology 0 0 0 0 0 2
Hofmeister / lecturer
Humanities 1 0 0 0 0 1
science and technology 0 0 0 0 0 1
Editors
Humanities 1 1 0 0 0 0
science and technology 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lecturer
Humanities 0 1 1 2 1 1
science and technology 0 1 1 1 2 1
lectures
Humanities 16 43 34 26th 24 29
science and technology 2 7th 6th 7th 10 14th
Weekly hours
Humanities 67 174 118 83 56 64
science and technology 12 28 16 24 35 34
1745 1774 1784 1794 1808 1834

After the expansion and reorganization, this focus changed and in 1835 further technical departments were added in which engineers, chemists, builders, farmers and pharmacists were trained. Friedrich Julius Otto was the first professor in the field of pharmacy to give lectures there. From 1862 to 1877 the Collegium Carolinum was continued as the "Ducal Polytechnic School". In 1877, when the company moved to the newly constructed building on Pockelsstrasse, it was converted into the Carolo-Wilhelmina Technical University.

Professors (selection)

Sometimes first called Hofmeister

Graduates (selection)

Publications (selection)

  • Preliminary news from the Collegio Carolino in Braunschweig . Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer, Braunschweig 1745 ( tu-braunschweig.de [PDF]).
  • Ducal Collegium Carolinum (Ed.): Laws for those who are accepted into the Collegium Carolinum . Braunschweig 1745, OCLC 46277945 ( publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de [PDF]).
  • August Wilhelm Julius Uhde : The higher educational institution or the technical department of the duke. Collegii Carolini in Braunschweig . Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1836 ( reader.digitale-sammlungen.de - In particular, introduction: founding, original purpose and the current establishment of the Collegii Carolini ).
  • Herzogliche Polytechnische Schule Braunschweig (ed.): Administrative regulations for the Ducal Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig . Herzogl. Orphanage printing house, Braunschweig 1872 ( tu-braunschweig.de [PDF]).

literature

  • Victor Friedrich Lebrecht Petri: About the nature and purpose of the Ducal Collegii Carolini in Braunschweig, a word of understanding to his fellow citizens, prompted by the recently published letter about the establishment of a university or a polytechnic institute here . Meyer, Braunschweig 1831 ( tu-braunschweig.de [PDF]).
  • Theodor Müller: Teachers at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig between 1814 and 1862 (=  contributions to the history of the Carolo-Wilhelmina . Volume 1 ). Braunschweigischer Hochschulbund, Braunschweig 1973, OCLC 35388140 .
  • Johann Joachim Eschenburg, Ernst Eberhard Wilberg: Draft of a history of the Collegii Carolini in Braunschweig: 1745–1808 (=  contributions to the history of the Carolo-Wilhelmina . Volume 2 ). Braunschweigischer Hochschulbund, Braunschweig 1974 ( reader.digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  • Peter Düsterdieck: The register of the Collegium Carolinum and the Technical University Carolo Wilhelmina in Braunschweig 1745-1900 . Ed .: Technical University Carolo-Wilhelmina in Braunschweig (=  publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen . Volume 9 , 5th department). A. Lax, Hildesheim 1983, ISBN 3-7848-2115-4 ( tu-braunschweig.de ).
  • Walter Kertz et al .: Technical University of Braunschweig: from Collegium Carolinum to Technical University 1745–1995 . Olms, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 1995, ISBN 3-487-09985-3 .
  • Gerd Biegel : Collegium Carolinum and Technical University of Braunschweig: 250 Years of Braunschweig University History (=  publications of the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum . Volume 80 ). Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1995, OCLC 260163589 .

Web links

Commons : Collegium Carolinum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Technical University Carolo-Wilhelmina in Braunschweig (ed.): The 150th anniversary of the Ducal Technical University Carolo-Wilhelmina . F. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1896, p. 26 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive - with images of the building on panels 2-5).
  2. ^ Johann Joachim Eschenburg, Ernst Eberhard Wilberg: Draft of a history of the Collegii Carolini in Braunschweig: 1745-1808 . tape 2 . Braunschweigischer Hochschulbund, Braunschweig 1974, p. 1–2 ( reader.digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  3. ^ Friedrich Koldewey (ed.): Monumenta Germaniae Paedagogica - school regulations of the city of Braunschweig . tape 1 . A. Hofmann & Comp., Berlin 1886, p. CXXI – CXXII ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ).
  4. ^ Heinrich Meier: The street names of the city of Braunschweig . Julius Zwissler, Wolfenbüttel 1904, p. 23 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  5. ^ Fritz Meyen :  Jerusalem, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 415 f. ( Digitized version ).
  6. ^ The Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig . In: Handbuch der deutschen Bildungsgeschichte: 18th century, from the late 17th century to the reorganization of Germany around 1800 . CH Beck, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-406-32464-9 , pp. 360-361 ( books.google.de ).
  7. ^ A b Fritz Meyen : Johann Joachim Eschenburg 1743-1820, professor at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig. Brief outline of his life and work including bibliography. Orphanage, Braunschweig 1957 ( tu-braunschweig.de ).
  8. ^ Fritz Meyen: The Instruction for the Bibliothecarium des Collegii Carolini from May 18, 1748; on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the founding day of the library of the Technical University Carolo-Wilhelmina in Braunschweig; at the same time the library's 2nd annual report for the period from April 1, 1947 to March 31, 1948 ( tu-braunschweig.de ).
  9. ^ University library of the Technical University - inventory history. In: Handbook of the historical book collections in Germany, Austria and Europe (Fabian Handbook). fabian.sub.uni-goettingen.de, accessed on September 9, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Louis Philippe Sy: words spoken when saying goodbye to the rooms of the Collegium Carolinum on October 19, 1877 . Sievers, Braunschweig 1877, p. 3–8 , page 8 below ( tu-braunschweig.de [PDF]).
  11. ^ From the Ducal New Gymnasium to the Wilhelm Gymnasium - between tradition and innovation: 1885 - 1906 - 2006. Wilhelm Gymnasium Braunschweig, accessed on September 11, 2019 .
  12. ^ Fritz Meyen: Bremen contributor to the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig. K. Chr. Gärtner, JA Ebert, FW Zachariä, KA Schmid. Orphanage Buchdr. und Verl., Braunschweig 1962 (= Braunschweiger Werkstücke 26), pp. 21–22 ( tu-braunschweig.de )
  13. ↑ a b c d Fritz Meyen: Bremen contributor to the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig. K. Chr. Gärtner, JA Ebert, FW Zachariä, KA Schmid. Orphanage Buchdr. und Verl., Braunschweig 1962 (= Braunschweiger Werkstücke 26).
  14. ^ Klaus John: Gelpke at the Collegium Carolinum . In: August Heinrich Christian Gelpke - an astronomer at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig . Braunschweig 2005, p. 30-36 ( tu-braunschweig.de [PDF]).
  15. ^ Constantin Uhde braunschweig.de.
  16. ^ Paul Zimmermann:  Schmid, Konrad Arnold . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 31, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 686-688.
  17. ^ Heinrich Büssing braunschweig.de.
  18. ^ Carl Friedrich Gauß braunschweig.de.
  19. ^ Carl Theodor Ottmer braunschweig.de.