Justus Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae

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Justus Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae, painting by E. Bekly, 1757, Gleimhaus Halberstadt
Justus Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae, 1759

Justus Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae , also written Zachariä (born May 1, 1726 in Frankenhausen , † January 30, 1777 in Braunschweig ) was a German writer , translator and editor .

Life

Zachariah visited in his youth the princely state school in Frankenhausen and studied in Leipzig from 1743 law . At a young age he was interested in the “beautiful sciences” and joined the circle around Johann Christoph Gottsched . From 1744 he belonged to the circle of Bremen contributors , a group of writers who revolted against the strict rules that Gottsched had set for “good literature”.

In 1747 Zachariae moved to the University of Göttingen , where he finished his studies. He got his first job in 1748 as court master at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig . Here he was also given supervision of the printing house , the publishing house and the bookstore , from whose income the princely large orphanage BMV was financed. Since he was distinguished by his extensive relationship and the associated knowledge of the printing and paper industry, it should be mentioned that on February 9, 1767 he received the ducal instruction to "raise domestic paper production " to the Duchy 's business premises to travel. His choice fell initially (probably not entirely by chance) on the Ducal paper mill in Oker , and even more on the private mill Scharschmidt in Räbke / Elm, where he carried out extensive experiments with the owners to achieve technical improvements to domestic products. In addition to the experiments carried out on process engineering and product development, as we would call it today, the basic research carried out in Räbke under his direction catches the eye. The main problem of the oppressive lack of the previously indispensable white linen rags was also addressed here. In order to counter this “rag problem”, practical and forward-looking tests were carried out with other “vegetable” materials, including types of wood, which at this early stage did not eliminate the problem, but were able to alleviate it!

In 1761 he was appointed full professor of poetry ( professor ordinarius poieseos ). In the same year he was given responsibility for the scholarly contributions to the Braunschweigische advertisements , a part of the Braunschweigische advertisements . In 1766 he was responsible for the entire "intelligence system" and from 1768 had published the Neue Braunschweigische Zeitung .

Zachariae was also a librettist ; Sun set to music Georg Philipp Telemann in 1757 , the time of day with the libretto of Zachariah. His musical drama Die Pilgrime auf Golgotha, based on an Italian model by Stefano Benedetto Pallavicini, was very successful and was set to music by various composers such as Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach , Johann Balthasar Kehl , Georg Simon Löhlein , Georg Abraham Schneider and Johann Georg Albrechtsberger .

He retired in 1774 and received the canonical at St. Cyriakus Stift in Braunschweig as a pension in 1775 . He died three years later of "dropsy and wasting".

Work and effect

At the age of 18 he published his most famous work in 1744, an epic verse called The Renommiste. A comical heroic poem that appeared in one volume with the work Das Schnupftuch . "The Renommiste" was a powerful portrayal of student life in the university cities of Leipzig and Jena, which at that time were said to have different forms of student culture. In his work, Zachariae describes how the different characters from the two universities collide and the resulting situations. The work is considered to be “unmatched” in describing German student culture of the 18th century and had many imitators well into the 19th century.

In his satirical-comic verses Zachariae leaned on the English writer Alexander Pope , who was known for his " heroic couplets " ( pair-rhymed iambic five-pointers ).

In addition, Zachariae also wrote serious epics, edited folk books and fables and translated John Milton ( Das verlohrne Paradies , "Paradise lost").

But the most durable turned out to be its renown . The poem appeared in several, partly unauthorized, compilations in the 19th century. In these first editions it was illustrated by engravings by AA Beck. In 1840 a volume was reissued in Berlin that only contained the famous artist . The title, now slightly modified, was The Renommist. A joking heroic poem . This was also the first edition to be illustrated with the pen drawings by Theodor Hosemann . In 1909 another reprint took place in Jena by Bruno Golz . The Reclam publishing house brought in 1974 a reprint of the very first edition in which the bully with the handkerchief had appeared in one volume. The Insel-Verlag in Leipzig provided the last new edition for the time being during the GDR era in 1989. This edition also contained the drawings by Hosemann.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe had also studied in Leipzig from 1765 to 1768 and knew the cultural differences between the students from Jena and Leipzig. Zachariae obviously spoke from his heart:

Zachariäs “Renommist” will always remain a valuable document from which the way of life and senses of that time emerges vividly; as in general his poems must be welcome to everyone who wants to get an idea of ​​the weak but, because of its innocence and childlike nature, amiable condition of the social life and nature of that time.
Out of my life. Poetry and truth . Part Two, Book Six, 1811-1833

The poet Wilhelm Hauff processed The Seniade in his poem . A joking heroic poem in four chants Memories from his student days in Tübingen from 1820 onwards. Around 80 years after it was first published, he took the famous Zachariae as a model and refers to it in the work itself:

O Seni! bravest and brightest of all heroes,
Which our Neckarstadt never missed,
O Seni, brave fellow, you are greeted by my singing;
Oh! Take it graciously when I succeed in something.
I must beg your forgiveness deeply,
That I mounted the horse, ridden the better,
Zachariä once swung into enthusiasm ,
When incomparably he sang the famous musician .
But how if beer and wine overpower us,
That hero also inspired me to song,
So Hippogryph take me to the Olympus.
So sound my song to the branch of the Hauff tribe!
WILHELM HAUFF, The Seniade. A joking heroic poem in four songs

Student life had changed in these decades. The focus was no longer on the differences between students from different universities; this is about the different characteristics of different types of student connections. Hauff sings about the "heroic deeds" of his brother, who as a senior of the Tübingen fraternity is aiming for a duel against the senior of the Corps Suevia Tübingen (Tübingen Swabia). At that time, Zachariae's renown was obviously still so well known across Germany that Hauff could assume that the educated public understood his allusion.

Works

  • Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae: Joking epic poetry along with some odes and songs. (Der Renommist; Metamorphoses; Das Schnupftuch; Der Phaeton; Odes and Songs) 5 volumes, Braunschweig, Hildesheim, Ludolf Schröders Erben 1754 (with engraved title vignette and 5 copper engraved vignettes for new poems by A. Beck and numerous woodcut vignettes and initials ).
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariä: The times of day. One poem, in four books. Rostock and Leipzig, Johann Christian Köppe, 1756 (title copper and 4 full-page, allegorical copper plates by JC Sysang after JJ Preisler.)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariä: Poetic writings . 9 volumes, Braunschweig, Schröder. Volume 3 digitized and full text in the German text archive , Volume 5 digitized and full text in the German text archive
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariä: Fables and tales in Burcard Waldis manner. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1771. (Online) at the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt .
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae: Poetic writings. First part. Second part. 2 volumes, Karlsruhe, Christian Gottlieb Schmieder, 1777 (Unlawful reprint of the original edition published in two volumes in 1772 and 1777. A third part was published by Schmieder in 1782.) Google Volume 1
  • W. Zachariae: Poetic writings. 5 volumes, Reutlingen, JG Fleischhauer, 1778 (reprint of the first complete edition of his poetic writings)
  • The pilgrim on Calvary . Musical drama
Music by Johann Balthasar Kehl , digitized copy from around 1800, Lübeck City Library
Music by Georg Abraham Schneider , libretto , Library of Congress
  • JF Wilh (elm) Zachariä: The famous man. A joking heroic poem. Second reprint with extended foreword by Justus Zachariä. With eight sarcastic pen drawings by (Theodor) Hosemann. Bethge, Berlin 1840. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf .
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariä: The renownist. A joking poem. published by Bruno Golz, Diederichs, Jena 1909.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariä: The renownist. A joking heroic poem. Edited, afterword by Detlef Ignasiak, Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-7351-0065-1 .
  • Anselm painter (ed.): The Renommiste / The Snuff. With an appendix to the genre of the comic epic. By Just Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariä. Reclam, Ditzingen 1992, ISBN 3-15-000307-5 .
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae: Murner in hell. A joking heroic poem. After the first edition in 1757 and with the coppers by Johann Caspar Weinrauch from 1794, published by Matthias Wehry, Wehrhan Verlag (Edition Wehrhahn, Volume 21), Hanover 2017, ISBN 978-3-86525-584-6 .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joachim Lehrmann: The early history of the book trade and publishing in the old university town of Helmstedt as well as the history of the once important paper mills at Räbke am Elm and Salzdahlum / Helmstedter and Räbker book and paper history, Lehrte 1994, ISBN 978-3-9803642-0-1 . (Pp. 172 & 288-295).
  2. ↑ Joachim Lehrmann : Braunschweigische Pioneers - and the invention of "a new kind of paper from Holtz matter" by Johann Georg von Langen. In: Braunschweigische Heimat. 2017, issue 3, pp. 13-20.
  3. ^ Howard E. Smither: A History of the Oratorio. Volume 3: The Oratorio in the Classical Era. University of North Carolina Press 1987, ISBN 0-8078-1274-9 , p. 366.
personal data
SURNAME Zachariae, Justus Friedrich Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer, translator, editor and composer
DATE OF BIRTH May 1, 1726
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankenhausen
DATE OF DEATH January 30, 1777
Place of death Braunschweig