The pilgrim on Calvary
The Pilgrime on Golgotha , also Die Pilgrimme auf Golgatha , is the title of a musical drama by Justus Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae . It was set to music several times and enjoyed "particular popularity" in the second half of the 18th century.
template
Zachariae published the Pilgrime in 1756. The work is a free adaptation of the Italian libretto I Pellegrini al Sepolcro di Nostro Signore ( The Pilgrims at the Tomb of Our Lord ) by the Dresden court poet Stefano Pallavicini . In its original Italian form, it was set to music by Johann Adolf Hasse , among others , and performed on Good Friday 1747 in the Catholic Court Church , presumably in front of a backdrop of a holy grave . In 1784 Johann Adam Hiller published a German version of Hasse's setting, also under the title Die Pilgrimme auf Golgatha , for which he used the translation by Johann Joachim Eschenburg .
layout
Zachariaes Pilgrime are an example of a meditative-moral passion music or lyrical oratorio that more and more replaced the classical passion oratorio in the second third of the 18th century. The best-known German example is Der Tod Jesu from 1755, a Passion Oratorio (also called Passion Cantata) by Carl Heinrich Graun (1704–1759) based on a libretto by Karl Wilhelm Ramler (1725–1798).
The text is no longer a complete retelling of the Passion of Christ . With the exception of the penultimate sentence, a short Arioso about the shortened verse 1 Cor 6:20 LUT , it also does not quote any Bible texts. Instead, there is a sequence of predominantly contemplative dialogues and lyrical texts, shaped by the sensitivity of the Enlightenment .
On Golgotha , two pilgrims meet a hermit who lives there. They talk about the purpose of the pilgrimage . A passing group of pilgrims ponders the story of the Passion. As a climax, an angel appears who reveals morality to the pilgrims:
Always be a wanderer on earth,
And do not just offer oratory thanks to
Him who drank the cup of death for you;
Obediently fulfills his commandment,
And glorifies his death
by virtue of living.
structure
- Recitative - The First Pilgrim - Venerable Hermit
- Aria - Golgotha! I wish my devotions wings
- Recitative - The second pilgrim - You pious man, we tore ourselves from our sins
- Aria - For so much suffering, so much plague
- Recitative - The Hermit - Heil you! you wanderers!
- Aria - In sevenfold night
- Recitative - But how is it possible
- Aria - how raging the waves of the sea do not
- Recitative - The Second Pilgrim - O godly old man, then show us
- The first pilgrim - should he who sees the sacred area himself
- Aria - The melancholy weeps in honor of humanity
- Recitative - The Hermit - Yes, pious wanderers! Look at this mountain
- Duet (both pilgrims) - We want to approach the place, O Jesus, full of humility
- Recitative - The Hermit - With what holy delight
- Choir of Pilgrims - Be blessed, you holy mountain
- Recitative - The Hermit - Down there at the foot of the mountain
- Choir - be blessed, you holy grave
- Recitative - The Hermit - What do I see? Angels descend
- ( soft, devout music is heard )
- Recitative - The First Pilgrim - What a sweet harmony!
- Accompagnement - The Angel - How blessed are the pious laments
- Choir - Be blessed, you tears of compassion, weep for Jesus
- Recitative - The Angel - You, holy mountains
- Choir - O heaven! who can judge it
- Recitative - The Angel - And yet he did it!
- Aria - you sinner to whom sacred history
- Recitative - The Hermit - O heavenly companion, your speeches
- The angel - always be a wanderer on earth
- Arioso - you were bought at a high price, therefore praise God
- Final choir - The Almighty Son has overcome!
Settings
The following composers set this libretto to music:
| year | composer | premiere | Performance location | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1781 | Johann Georg Albrechtsberger | April 2, 1781 | Theater am Kärntnertor , Vienna | Commissioned by the Tonkünstler Society |
|
| 1762 | Johann Balthasar Kehl | 1762 | gain |
|
|
| around 1769 | Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach | around 1769 | Buckeburg | formerly falsely Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach attributed | |
| 1807 | Georg Abraham Schneider | August 27, 1807 | Petrikirche (Berlin-Cölln) | ||
| around 1776 | Georg Simon Löhlein | around 1776 | Leipzig | Text book received, otherwise there is only an incomplete customer |
literature
Editions / digital copies
- Music by Johann Georg Albrechtsberger :
- Digitized version of the libretto, Austrian National Library
- Music by Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach
- Ulrich Leisinger (Ed.), Stuttgart: Carus-Verlag 1999 (= Stuttgart Bach Edition, Ser. F: Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach; Group 1: Vocal Music)
- Music by Johann Balthasar Kehl
- Digitized copy from around 1800, Lübeck City Library
- Text book of the version extended by choirs by Johann Dietrich Christian Graff (1732–1771), performance on March 28, 1774 in the Wolfenbüttel Concert Hall , Herzog August Bibliothek
- Textbook of the performances in 1785 under the direction of Cantor Johann Wilhelm Samuel Rosenbaum in the Hochgräflichen Concertsaale and local town churches in Wernigerode , University and State Library Saxony-Anhalt
- Text book , approx. 1775 Berlin State Library
- Kassel: Verlag Merseburger Berlin 2002 ISMN 979-0-2007-3096-8 (search in DNB portal)
- Music by Georg Abraham Schneider
Secondary literature
- Howard E. Smither: A History of the Oratorio. Volume 3: The Oratorio in the Classical Era. University of North Carolina Press 1987, ISBN 0-8078-1274-9 , p. 366
- Silke Leopold and Ulrich Scheideler (eds.): Oratorio guide. Stuttgart; Weimar: Metzler - Kassel: Bärenreiter 2000 ISBN 978-3-476-00977-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ So the subtitle
- ^ Arnold Schering : History of the oratorio. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel 1911, p. 372
- ^ Text book (Italian / German) , SLUB
- ^ Digitized , The British Library
- ↑ Oratorienführer (lit.), p. 2
- ↑ Smither (Lit.), p. 350, note 89
- ↑ Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach , Bach Archive, Leipzig, accessed on August 19, 2019
- ↑ The Pilgrime on Golgotha by Bach digital
- ^ Martin Geck : German Oratorios 1800 to 1840: List of sources and performances. Wilhelmshaven, Amsterdam, Locarno: Heinrichshofen 1971 ISBN 978-3-7959-0091-5 (= source catalogs for the history of music 4), p. 33
- ↑ Carl von Ledebur : Tonkünstler-Lexicon Berlin's from the oldest times to the present. Rauh, Berlin 1861 ( digitized version ), p. 514
- ↑ See the review: Allgemeine Musikische Zeitung 1807, Col. 816
- ↑ The Pilgrime on Golgotha / by Lord Zachariae. Set in the music by GS Löhlein. Leipzig: Langenheim [approx. 1776]
- ^ Rudolf Wustmann , Arnold Schering : Music history of Leipzig. Volume 3: The Age of Johann Sebastian Bach and Johann Adam Hiller (from 1723 to 1800) , Kistner & Siegel, Leipzig 1941, p. 409