Johann Georg Albrechtsberger

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Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, portrait by Leopold Kupelwieser
Grave of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger in the Sankt Marxer Friedhof
A banquet table in honor of Mozart at Schikaneder ( Haydn , Albrechtsberger, Mozart, Antonio Salieri , Caterina Cavalieri , Schikaneder , Aloisia Lange , Gluck ) - The Gazebo (1880)

Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (born February 3, 1736 in Klosterneuburg , Lower Austria, † March 7, 1809 in Vienna ) was an Austrian music theorist , composer and above all a learned counterpointist .

Life

His father was a farmer and a wagoner. At the age of seven, Johann Georg became a choirboy at Klosterneuburg Abbey , where he learned the organ and the beginnings of music theory. At the age of 13 Albrechtsberger came to Melk Abbey School as a choirboy in 1749 . In 1753 he went to Vienna to study philosophy at the Jesuit seminary. There he made friends with Michael Haydn , through whom he also met his brother Joseph Haydn .

From 1755 to 1757 Albrechtsberger worked as an organist in Raab ( Győr ). Then he was appointed to the pilgrimage church of Maria Taferl for two years in the same position . In 1759 he returned to Melk as an organist. In 1766 he had to leave Melk after an incident, was back in Raab and from 1768 as an organist and organ builder in Vienna. In 1770 he became organist at St. Stephan and in 1771 Regenschori of the Carmelite Church . In 1772 Emperor Joseph II invited him to Vienna as 2nd court organist.

On May 9, 1791, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was hired free of charge as an adjunct to the cathedral music director Leopold Hofmann . In the last months of his life, Mozart († December 5, 1791) wanted Albrechtsberger to succeed him as Kapellmeister-Adjunct at St. Stephen's Cathedral . After Leopold Hofmann's death in 1793, Albrechtsberger also took over his office as cathedral music director . He held this position until his death on March 7, 1809.

Albrechtsberger was married to Rosalia Weiß, the daughter of an Eggenburg sculptor, with whom he had 15 children, but only six of whom survived their father. He was buried in a shaft grave in the Sankt Marxer Friedhof in Vienna . In 1894 the Albrechtsbergergasse in Vienna- Meidling (12th district) was named after him.

meaning

Albrechtsberger had numerous students in Vienna, including Carl Czerny , Joseph Leopold von Eybler , Johann Nepomuk Hummel , Conradin Kreutzer , Ignaz Moscheles , Franz Xaver Mozart , Johann Peter Pixis , Ferdinand Ries and Ignaz von Seyfried . His most famous student, however, was Ludwig van Beethoven , about whom Albrechtsberger is said to have said: "[He will] ... never do something properly ."

The compositional work of Albrechtsberger includes 279 church compositions, 278 works for keyboard instruments, 193 secular instrumental works, etc. a. also seven concerts for jew's harp , mandora and string orchestra. Albrechtsberger also wrote chamber music for the private music-making of the imperial family - Joseph II played the cello and loved fugues . However, only a small part of his compositions were printed; Most of his work is in manuscripts at the Vienna Society of Friends of Music .

Works (selection)

Fonts

  • Thorough instructions for composition with clear and detailed examples, for self-teaching, explained; and with an appendix: on the nature and application of all musical instruments that are now customary . Breitkopf, Leipzig 1790

Compositions

Piano and organ works

  • Fugue for piano op.17, 5
  • 8 little preludes for organ
  • 5 preludes for organ
  • Prelude and fugue for organ four hands
  • "Fuga in G.mol" on the subject of BACH
  • Fugue in C
  • Fugue in G on the subject of Come Holy Spirit with Your Grace
  • Fugue in d on the subject of Christ has risen

Chamber music works and instrumental concerts

  • Three Concertinos for Trombula and Mandora with Strings ( c.1765 , published 1769, 1770 and 1771)
  • Four concertinos for harp and orchestra (1772)
  • Harp Concerto in C major (1773)
  • String Trios op. 9, 1–3
  • Quartets op.16, 4
  • Duo in C major for viola and violoncello
  • Partita in C per flauto, arpa e basso
  • Divertimento in D major for two violas and double bass
  • Partita in D major for flute, viola d'amore and double bass
  • Concerto for alto trombone and strings

Choral works (church music)

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Georg Albrechtsberger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Georg Albrechtsberger  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Music collection of the Austrian National Library: SM 19236 fol. 36-38, 69 bars
  2. ↑ around 1800, 2 sheets 245x350, watermark Wilder Mann , 61 bars
  3. ^ Opus 21, 1802, 147 bars
  4. ^ Posthumously in Vienna 1809, 108 bars
  5. ↑ Abel Nagytothy-Toth: Guitar and Lute and Orchestra. A preliminary compilation. In: Guitar & Laute 6, 1983, Issue 4, pp. 49-53; here: p. 50.
personal data
SURNAME Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian music theorist and composer
DATE OF BIRTH February 3, 1736
PLACE OF BIRTH Klosterneuburg , Lower Austria
DATE OF DEATH March 7, 1809
Place of death Vienna