Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem

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The abbot Jerusalem. Painting by Friedrich Georg Weitsch , 1790.
Grave bust in the monastery church Riddagshausen
Abbot Jerusalem Monument in the Vechelde Palace Gardens

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem (born November 22, 1709 in Osnabrück ; † September 2, 1789 in Braunschweig ), also called "Abbot Jerusalem", was a German Protestant theologian during the Enlightenment .

Life

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem grew up as the son of a Protestant pastor in Osnabrück. After his father's death in 1726, he studied theology in Leipzig and Wittenberg , where he passed his master's degree in 1731. A two-year stay in Holland followed . Jerusalem returned to Germany in 1734, where he held a position as court master in Göttingen until 1737 . After spending several years in England, he accepted a position as private tutor at the Spörcken house in Hanover and in 1742 accepted a call at the Braunschweig court. There he was court preacher and educator of the Hereditary Prince Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand . In 1752 he was appointed abbot of the Riddagshausen monastery .

Jerusalem was since 1742 with Martha Christina, b. Pfeiffer, widowed Albrecht, married. Of the five children, the son Karl Wilhelm achieved notoriety. After his suicide in 1772, it served Goethe as a template for the novel “ The Sorrows of Young Werther ”.

Jerusalem is buried in the Riddagshausen monastery church near Braunschweig.

Services

Jerusalem was the initiator and co-founder of the Collegium Carolinum , founded in 1745 , the forerunner of today's Technical University of Braunschweig . As an important advisor to Duke Charles I , he had a strong influence on the educational policy of the duchy.

Jerusalem is one of the most important German Enlightenment theologians . He is considered a head of so-called neology , which radically departed from the dogmas of conventional theology. For his main work, “Considerations on the Most Noble Truths of Religion”, he made the speculative, universalistic philosophy of history fruitful and aligned the history of salvation with the history of secular progress.

Abbot Jerusalem Prize

Since 2009, the Braunschweig Scientific Society , the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Braunschweig , the Technical University of Braunschweig and the Braunschweigischer Kulturbesitz Foundation have been awarding the Abbot Jerusalem Prize “for outstanding scientific contributions to the dialogue between the humanities, natural sciences and engineering”. Prize winners were:

Fonts

  • (Hauptwerk, unfinished): Reflections on the most noble truths of religion, 1768–1779, numerous other editions; 1770 french Translation, also into Dutch and Swedish.
  • Andreas Urs Sommer (ed.): Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem: Writings. Reprint of the writings with an introduction by Andreas Urs Sommer (Historia Scientiarum). ISSN  1430-8320
    • Volume 1: Letters on the Mosaic Scriptures and Philosophy. Reflections on the noblest truths of religion. First part. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-487-13220-4 .
    • Volume 2: Reflections on the Most Noble Truths of Religion. Second part. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-487-13221-1 .
    • Volume 3: Reflections on the Most Noble Truths of Religion. Second part, second volume or fourth piece. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-487-13222-8 .
    • Volume 4: Legacy Writings. First part: Continued reflections on the most distinguished truths of religion. Leave fragments behind. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-487-13223-5 .
    • Volume 5: Legacy Writings. Second and last part. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-487-13224-2 .

literature

  • Wolfdietrich von Kloeden :  JERUSALEM, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 3, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-035-2 , Sp. 62-67.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Friedrich Th. Koldewey : Jerusalem, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm . In: Encyclopaedic Handbook of Pedagogy. 2nd Edition. Beyer & Mann, Langensalza 1906, pp. 660-663.
  • Fritz Meyen :  Jerusalem, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 415 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Fritz Meyen: Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem, Abbot of Riddagshausen (1709–1789). Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch Volume 53, 1972, pp. 159-182. (with bibliography)
  • Wolfgang Erich Müller: Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem: an investigation into the theology of "contemplation on the noblest truths of religion". (Theological Library Toepelmann, Volume 43). de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1984, ISBN 3-11-009680-3 .
  • Klaus Erich Pollmann (ed.): Abbot Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem (1709–1789). Contribution to a colloquium on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his death. (Braunschweig Workpieces, Volume 32/81). Braunschweig 1991, OCLC 311485810 .
  • Eberhard Rohse : Abbot Jerusalem as a literary figure. Depiction and image of JFW Jerusalem in historical novels by Hermann Klencke and Wilhelm Raabes. In: Pollmann: Abbot Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem. 1991, pp. 127-171.
  • Isa Schikorsky: erudition and sociability. Abbot Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem (1709–1789) in his time. Exhibition catalog. Braunschweig 1989, OCLC 311566618 .
  • Andreas Urs Sommer: Neological Philosophy of History. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem's reflections on the noblest truths of religion. In: Journal for the recent history of theology. Volume 9, 2002, pp. 169-217.
  • Christopher Spehr: Enlightenment and Ecumenism. Attempts at reunification between Catholics and Protestants in German-speaking countries in the late 18th century. (Contributions to historical theology 132). Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 3-16-148576-9 , pp. 53-84.
  • Julius August Wagenmann :  Jerusalem, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 779-783.
  • Horst Weigelt: Lavater's relations with Abbot Jerusalem and with other members of the Collegium Carolinum. In: Pietism and Modern Times. A yearbook on the history of modern Protestantism. Volume 20, 1994, pp. 173-190.

Web links

Wikisource: Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Awarding of the Abbot Jerusalem Prize 2017 ( Memento of the original from November 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bwg-nds.de
personal data
SURNAME Jerusalem, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Abbot Jerusalem; Jerusalem, Johann Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION theologian
DATE OF BIRTH November 22, 1709
PLACE OF BIRTH Osnabrück
DATE OF DEATH September 2, 1789
Place of death Braunschweig