Hagenmarkt

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Heinrichsbrunnen on the Hagenmarkt

The Hagenmarkt is the central square of the Braunschweiger Weichbild Hagen . It can be reached via Wendenstraße , Fallersleber Straße , Casparistraße , Hagenbrücke and Bohlweg .

Name origin

The soft image of Hagen was created around 1160 by Duke Heinrich the Lion , with " Hagen " designating an enclosed settlement. The Hagenmarkt is named in 1268 as “forum Indaginis” and in 1328 as “uppe dem haghenmarkete”.

buildings

St. Catherine's from the southeast

St. Catherine's

The Hagenmarkt has been dominated since the Middle Ages by the Katharinenkirche , which was built on its east side from around 1200, and the Protestant parish church of Hagen since 1528. The foundation construction was based closely on the Braunschweig Cathedral and the Martinikirche in the old town. The conversion to a Gothic hall church began in the second half of the 13th century. The west facility and the south tower were completed in 1379. In the years 1887 to 1890, Ludwig Winter restored the building. After destruction during the Second World War, restoration work began in 1946. The tower helmets were renewed from 1957 to 1958.

From the town hall to the ducal opera house

Opera house

Around 1230, the Hagenrathaus was built southwest of the Katharinenkirche , north of it was the Gewandhaus mentioned in 1302 . With the conquest of the city by the Guelph sovereign in 1671, the Hagenrathaus had become inoperable. At the instigation of the art-loving Duke Anton Ulrich , it was converted into an opera house together with the neighboring Gewandhaus in 1690 by the master builder Johann Balthasar Lauterbach . It was initially used as a venue for operas. From the 18th century, plays were also staged, including numerous premieres such as Emilia Galotti and Faust . In 1818 the stage was elevated to the status of a national theater . In 1861 the theater moved to its new venue on Steinweg . The opera house was demolished in 1864.

Hagenmarkt pharmacy

The portal of the Hagenmarkt pharmacy

After the Ratsapotheke on Eiermarkt, which had existed since 1479, the Hagenmarkt-Apotheke was built in 1677 as the second such facility. It was rebuilt in a modern architectural style after being destroyed in World War II . Only the portal by the sculptor Wolter Hasemann remained and was moved to the north side of the Gewandhaus on the old town market in 1949/50 .

More buildings

The historical buildings mentioned below are no longer preserved. In 1385 an urban scale was built in the north of the Hagenmarkt. A forge is mentioned in 1404. The Katharineum was located on the southern edge of the Hagenmarkt from 1695 to 1828, and was incorporated into the Martino-Katharineum grammar school that still exists today .

Fountains and monuments

In 1874, the Heinrichsbrunnen , still preserved today, designed by Adolf Breymann and cast by Georg Ferdinand Howaldt , was built. The bronze figure represents the founder of Hagen, Duke Heinrich the Lion. He is holding a model of St. Katharinen in his left hand. The fountain bowls made of Velpker sandstone come from Ludwig Winter, the dragons and lions are again from Breymann. An earlier fountain at this point from 1407 was gilded in 1570 and melted down during the Wars of Liberation in 1814 to pour cannons from it.

On the northwest side, a commemorative plaque with a base commemorates the mayor Henning Brabandt, who was tortured and executed on the Hagenmarkt in 1604 .

On the opposite side, an octagonal column shaft with an inscription reminds of the ducal opera house and the premieres of Lessing's Emilia Galotti (1772) and Goethe's Faust (1829) that took place here .

  • Commemorative plaque Henning Brabandt

  • Memorial stone opera house

history

According to tradition, the swampy bottom of the Hagen was drained from the 12th century by Flemish settlers (mentioned in 1196), whom Duke Heinrich the Lion called to Braunschweig. It is possible that Frisians were also involved in the settlement, as the name Vresendor from 1349 indicates. In 1397 there was a horse trough right on the Oker.

Archaeological digs

In the years 1980/1981 excavations were carried out by the Archeology Councilor Hartmut Rötting . A stick dam was found around 1200, which had served to fortify the swampy subsoil. It could be proven that the Katharinenkirche was built on an alluvial sand island. In suburban times, the level of the Hagenmarkt was around 2.6 m lower.

The "Great Layer" 1374 to 1380

In the course of history, the Hagenmarkt has been the scene of violent inner-city disputes, the so-called " Braunschweig layers ". During the "Great Shift" in 1374 the mayor of the old town, Tile von Damm, was executed there . It was only through external economic pressure through the exclusion of Braunschweig from the Hanseatic League in 1375 that the traditional balance of power was restored. In 1380 Braunschweig was re-admitted to the Hanseatic League under certain conditions.

The "Riot of Poverty" 1512 to 1514

To reorganize the city's finances, lapses and tariffs were increased at the beginning of the 16th century . Another increase in 1512 and ongoing inflation led to an uprising in Hagen, with the poorer sections of the population from Schöppenstedter Strasse, Mauernstrasse and Friesenstrasse as well as from Nickelnkulk and Klint storming the Hagenrathaus. Hanselmann therefore later spoke of the “riot of poverty”. The mayor was injured and a councilor was killed. The municipal customs clerk Hermann Bote was also a victim of the attacks. He described these, as well as the previous "layers" since 1292, ie inner-city revolts, in his "Dat schicht boick" from 1514. The conquest of the old town hall did not succeed; However, the council was forced to make concessions, reduced the levies and set the innovations in the "Little Letter" of 1513. The situation calmed down at the end of 1513 after the execution of several rioters and the passage of a new finance law in 1514, which was less of a burden for the poorer population groups.

The Brabandt Revolution 1601 to 1604

At the beginning of the 17th century, social tensions escalated between the poorer strata of the population and the wealthy patriciate, who had previously held power in the council. In 1601, the mayor Henning Brabandt succeeded in democratizing the inner-city distribution of power with the “New Recess”. In the years that followed, Brabandt visibly lost popular support. The unrest came to a head on September 3, 1604, when Brabandt's opponents gathered in the Hagenmarkt and his supporters in the old town market . A hunt for the burgher captains and their supporters followed. Brabandt initially managed to escape, but was captured the following day. The vengeance of the old patrician council was discharged in the immediate criminal trial that followed. Under torture, Brabandt confessed to all of the acts he was accused of, including an alliance with the devil. The guilty verdict was followed by Brabandt's brutal execution on September 17, 1604 on the Hagenmarkt. Several supporters of Brabandt were also executed.

19th century

Hagenmarkt with opera house from the west ,
painting by Ludwig Tacke , before 1864

In the years 1884 and 1885, the new construction of Casparistraße created a connection to the train station. The previous weekly market was moved to the newly opened market hall in 1897.

The Heinrichsbrunnen (1873). The big house in the background on the left is the Hagenmarkt pharmacy. Right picture, looking north-east View from 1892 with Katharinenkirche. The Heinrichsbrunnen (1873). The big house in the background on the left is the Hagenmarkt pharmacy. Right picture, looking north-east View from 1892 with Katharinenkirche.
The Heinrichsbrunnen (1873). The big house in the background on the left is the Hagenmarkt pharmacy . Right picture, looking north-east View from 1892 with Katharinenkirche.

Destruction in World War II

In the aerial photo taken on May 12, 1945, the extensive destruction in the inner city area is visible. In the sidelight (the sun is in the west), the extensive bombing sites between Theaterwall and Hagenmarkt are clearly visible: the houses were almost 100% destroyed, there are only a few walls of stone buildings left.

← Hagenscharrn
Hagenmarkt
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4th
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6th
7th
Fallersleber Street
Bohlweg
Steinweg
At the Katharinenkirche
Wall Street
Schöppenstedter Strasse
Wilhelmstrasse
Theater wall
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O Arrow Compass Gray.pngW
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Detail from an aerial photo taken by the USAAF on May 12, 1945
Over 40 bombing raids during the Second World War , in particular the bombing raid of October 15, 1944 , destroyed and damaged areas of the north-eastern Braunschweig city center , between Steinweg (above), Hagenmarkt (right), Fallersleber Straße (below) and Theaterwall (left).
For orientation:
1) The badly damaged Braunschweig Castle .
2) The castle square ; including the State Ministry in Dankwardstrasse, opposite the town hall on the left . The Dankwarderode Castle and Brunswick Cathedral can be seen on the right on Burgplatz .
3) The State Theater can be seen on the left edge of the picture .
4) The destroyed buildings of Wilhelmsgarten .
5) The badly damaged Katharinenkirche on Hagenmarkt.
6) The ruins of the Hagenmarkt pharmacy .
7) The burnt-out Bierbaum house on Fallersleber Strasse.

The badly damaged Katharinenkirche was rebuilt from 1946 to 1958 and restored from 1987.

Reconstruction from 1981

The renovation from 1981 onwards took into account the character of the Hagenmarkt as an important traffic junction. In 1983 the new city ring was completed, which connects the intersections of Hagenmarkt, Radeklint, Europaplatz and John-F.-Kennedy-Platz.

The "Braunschweiger Kessel" 2005

On June 18, 2005, about 250 people were locked up by the police for more than two hours during an anti- NPD rally on Hagenmarkt. These included passers-by who happened to be passing by. Subsequent legal proceedings ruled that the encirclement was unlawful.

Literary adaptation

The Hagenmarkt in Braunschweig is the setting for the novel Im Eckfenster by the writer Friedrich Gerstäcker (1816–1872) , published in 1870 . The novel is one of the first German detective novels of the 19th century in which a detective is active as an investigator and solves the case.

literature

Web links

Commons : Hagenmarkt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner Spieß : History of the city of Braunschweig in the post-Middle Ages . Volume 1, Braunschweig 1966, p. 154.
  2. ↑ St. Katharinen on braunschweig.de.
  3. ↑ The Higher Regional Court also decides: Braunschweiger Kessel unlawful. In: Braunschweiger Zeitung. October 27, 2006 ( braunschweiger-zeitung.de ).

Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ′ 2 ″  N , 10 ° 31 ′ 29 ″  E