Nickelnkulk
Nickelnkulk
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| The Nickelnkulk on a map of the city of Braunschweig, 1899. The Andreaskirche (center of the map) is marked with a "V". |
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The Nickelnkulk was a street in Braunschweig that has been recorded there since at least 1304 . Together with the entire development, it was completely destroyed in the firestorm of the bombing of October 15, 1944 during the Second World War and was never rebuilt.
Course of the road
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The Nickelnkulk branched off at right angles from Kaiserstrasse to the north-northeast and ended in a kind of dead-end street , which, however, shortly before its upper end, abruptly branched off to the east over a wooden bridge that crossed a branch of the Oker , where you came to the Geiershagen . The Nickelnkulk was a moist area at the lowest point in Braunschweig, approx. 1 m below the water level of the nearby Oker, which often led to floods, especially in spring.
The development consisted exclusively of half-timbered houses with mostly two floors. They were among the poorest residential areas in the city. The houses were mainly inhabited by families of craftsmen, mainly tanners , cobblers and sheet makers, who had worked there for centuries.
Destruction in World War II and disappearance
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Together with numerous other streets in the Braunschweig city center, including in the vicinity of the Andreas Church , the Nickelnkulk is one of those that was completely destroyed on October 15, 1944 by the bombing that night. In addition to the Nickelnkulk in the immediate vicinity, Rehnstoben and Geiershagen were so completely destroyed that they have not been rebuilt to this day. Instead, they were z. Some of them are overbuilt with new buildings or, like the Geiershagen, are still undeveloped (currently used as a parking lot), so that the old course of the road is no longer recognizable or no longer exists.
By resolution of the Braunschweig City Council on September 18, 1985, the name Nickelnkulk was declared to be abolished - as a result, this street no longer exists today.
Ridicule poem
An old Braunschweig mockery illustrates the social situation of the residents:
- Murenstrate, Klint and Werder,
- everyone beware of that.
- Nickelnkulk is also not better,
- because that's where the knives live.
- Long Strate oh no less,
- because there are many children living there!
In standard German:
- Mauernstrasse, Klint and Werder,
- everyone beware of that.
- Nickelnkulk isn't better either,
- because that's where knifers live.
- Long road no less,
- because there are many children living there!
The following verse is only slightly modified from this:
- Mauernstrasse, Klint and Werder,
- yes, German spoilers live there.
- Nickelnkulk isn't better either,
- because that is where cannibals live.
The listed Mauernstrasse (in the east of the city center), Klint (in the south), Werder (in the north) and Lange Strasse (in the west) were considered the living quarters of the poor for many centuries.
Interpretation of the name
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1304 and 1312 is Nickerkulk , 1333 Nickerkolk and from 1391 onwards it seems to be randomly occupied by Nickerkulk , Nicker or Necker . In the vicinity of the street there was a tower on the city wall in the Middle Ages , it was mentioned in 1320 as turris in Nickelnkulk . The spelling is Nicol Kolgh in 1671 and Nicolaikulk in 1720 (in the incorrect assumption that the Nikolaikapelle was here and not on Okerhafen Damm / Münzstrasse).
The most likely interpretation of the name, is considered to extend from a water spirit , Nicker called derived. According to Grimm , Necker or Nicker means "daemon aquatiens", according to A. Lübben elf or water elf . Kulk, on the other hand, refers to a watering hole or wet terrain. Monika Zeidler explains that even after draining the Brunswick precincts of Hagens by Friesen and Dutch , which Henry the Lion had specially brought to Brunswick, still swamps and water holes are said to have held there. Since Nicker was also understood as " devil ", the street name can also be interpreted as "devil's hole".
Richard Andree interpreted the name in his work Braunschweiger Volkskunde from 1901 as follows:
"The ' hâkemann ' or 'nicker' sitting in the Born or otherwise in the water and pulls the children who come to the Born to close with a hook down to her. [...] the Nickerkulk [...] got its name from the Nicker, who lived there in a Kulk. The water spirit 'nickelkêrl' lives in the Schöningen area. "
An implausible second alternative interpretation is that the street name should be derived from Bishop Nikolaus von Myra , since a St. Nicholas chapel named after him is said to have been on the Nickelnkulk. This variant does not seem credible, however, as there are no documents or other traditions regarding the existence of a chapel at this point in the city.
The writer Ricarda Huch , who was born and raised in Braunschweig, wrote in her book Im Alten Reich in 1927 . Life pictures of German cities the following about the Braunschweig of their childhood and the Nickelnkulk:
“Braunschweig - Around children there is paradise and fairy tales, and that is why Braunschweig, where I was born and raised, was a fairy tale city to me. [...] Houses and names around me flowed together to foreboding scenes. The Nickelnkulk, which looked so desolate and lost that it was not easy to venture into it, sounded like a dark pond in which dangerous water people live [...] "
Literary adaptation
The Nickelnkulk surfaced at two Brunswick authors as an essential motif of their works on: 1883 at Ludwig Hänselmann in the Nickerkulk and 1995 in a crime novel by Dirk Rühmann entitled The man who sought the Nickelnkulk .
literature
- Jürgen Hodemacher : Braunschweig's streets - their names and their stories, Volume 1: Innenstadt , Cremlingen 1995
- Heinrich Meier : The street names of the city of Braunschweig. In: Sources and research on Brunswick history ; Volume 1, Wolfenbüttel 1904
- Monika Zeidler: Mauernstrasse, Klint and Werder, market and street names in Braunschweig , Braunschweig 1981
Web links
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Individual evidence
- ↑ Monika Zeidler: Mauernstrasse, Klint and Werder, market and street names in Braunschweig , Braunschweig 1981, p. 71 ff.
- ^ Richard Andree: Braunschweiger Volkskunde , Braunschweig 1901, p. 388
- ↑ Ricarda Huch: In the old kingdom. Pictures of Life in German Cities , Volume 2: The North , Bremen 1927, p. 39 f.
Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ′ 13 ″ N , 10 ° 31 ′ 15 ″ E