Breite Strasse (Braunschweig)
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| South end of Breite Straße, seen from the old town market , in the background the tower of the Petrikirche | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Braunschweig |
| District | Old town |
| Created | 13th Century |
| Newly designed | after 1945 |
| Hist. Names | lata platea (1231), brede strate (1323), Breitestraße (up to the 20th century) |
| Connecting roads | to the north: Bäckerklint |
| Cross streets | to the west: Mummetwete; to the east: Kaffeetwete |
| Places | Old town market |
| Buildings | Martino-Katharineum Braunschweig , Stechinelli-Haus , Old Town Hall , Autorshof |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic |
The Breite Strasse in the city center of Braunschweig , which runs in north-south direction, connects the Bäckerklint to the north with the adjoining Altstadtmarkt to the south . The street, which was formerly characterized by half-timbered houses and magnificent baroque facades , lost its original character as a result of the destruction during the Second World War and subsequent redesigns.
history
The Breite Straße, which runs along the edge of the old town , was called lata platea in 1231 . The name brede strate is documented for the year 1303 . The old town hall at the southern end of Breite Straße was only a single-winged building facing south to north until 1393. It receded far from the western row of houses on Breite Straße, so that its entrance had a considerable, eponymous width, before the old town hall the porch with the arcades was built. When the old town was founded, Breite Straße was the only street that had residential buildings on both sides. The plots stretched through to Scharrnstrasse and Gördelingerstrasse . Compared to the rest of the Braunschweig inner city, which is characterized by half-timbered buildings, there were a comparatively large number of stone buildings on Breite Strasse, which reflected the prosperity of the population living here.
Historic buildings
Autorshof
The Autorshof was built in 1681 on the north side of the old town hall and was named after the author's chapel , which stood there from 1380 to 1679 and was dedicated to the city's patron saint, St. Author . The Autorshof was used for the exhibition and sale of furniture from the carpenters' guild during the Braunschweig trade fair . In 1855 it was rebuilt in the late Renaissance style by Friedrich Maria Krahe . The coat of arms of Duke Rudolf August (1627–1704), the founder of the Braunschweig Mass, was attached to the gable . The building was partially destroyed in the Second World War. It was rebuilt in modern forms from 1983 to 1984, incorporating the facade that had been preserved. Today the city of Braunschweig uses this building.
Stechinelli house
On the east side of the Breite Strasse towards the old town market stood 1368 de olde scrank , the municipal armory for storing large firearms. This wardrobe was later moved to the Martinikirchhof, but the name of the old wardrobe remained in use from 1386 until the 15th century for the town house on this property.
The ducal postal entrepreneur Francesco Maria Capellini, called " Stechinelli ", had the Stechinelli House built on the site in 1690 . The oldest exhibition vaults in Braunschweig used to be on the ground floor of the building. The early baroque portal of the building was probably created elsewhere as early as 1630. It shows round arches with masks as well as lions and angel heads, Ionic columns and obelisks . In 1716 the building was acquired by the to der Horst family. The portal alone survived the severe destruction during the Second World War . The remains of the heavily damaged house were rebuilt in great detail and the magnificent portal , probably created by Ulrich Stamm , was reinserted.
Residential building (Breite Strasse 2)
The house with the insurance number 771 was built in 1711/16 for the monastery councilor von Blume. The architect is not recorded. The previous owner in 1680 was the princely postmaster Hilmar Deichmann. The building enclosed a two-storey stone building from the Middle Ages, which was mentioned in a document in 1341 as a house to the iron door and had a bower on the southern property line. A sheet by the engraver Johann Georg Beck from 1711 shows a two-storey stone building with a second floor in half-timbered construction from around 1500. On the first floor there were baroque exhibition vaults. A more recent depiction of Beck from 1716 shows the completely baroque state of the house with a stone second floor, eleven window axes, centered entrance portal and three flanking exhibition vaults. The building, which was badly damaged in 1944, was demolished after the end of the war.
Martino-Katharineum grammar school (Breite Strasse 3–4)
Today's Martino-Katharineum has its roots in the Latin schools Martineum and Katharineum, founded in 1415 . After both schools became grammar schools in 1745 , a comprehensive grammar school was founded on January 15, 1828, from which the Martino-Katharineum emerged in 1866 . Despite this amalgamation, there was still a spatial separation, which was only ended by the new building of today's school building on Breite Straße created by Friedrich Maria Krahe . The grammar school has been located here since October 12, 1869. The school building was also destroyed in the bombing raid on Braunschweig on October 15, 1944 , but it was rebuilt between 1952 and 1955. The Martins portal was recovered from the rubble of the also destroyed building of the old "Martineum" and in 1953 it was taken over into a new building. Since then it has served as the entrance to the auditorium. On November 28, 1980, the extension was opened at Breiten Strasse 3-4.
Half-timbered house (Breite Strasse 5)
The house bore the following inscription from 1643:
- GOT THE HONOR ALONE
- THE KAN GIVES MORE
- ANNO 1643 CLAES WARNEKEN
Residential building (Breite Strasse 9)
The most elaborate baroque building on Breite Straße with the insurance number 779 was built between 1713 and 1718 for Chamber Councilor Franz Andreas Voigt based on a design by the architect Hermann Korb . A half-timbered rear building, oriented symmetrically to the front building, was attached to a palace-like stone front building.
The publisher George Westermann lived in the house until 1841 .
The building was badly damaged in 1944. The ruin and the largely preserved facade were demolished in 1947.
The "Fleawinkel" (Breite Straße 14)
Some houses on the east side, at the transition from Breite Straße to Bäckerklint, were called "Fleawinkel" from around 1700 until they were completely destroyed and were one of the city's sights. The origin of the name "Fleawinkel" is unclear. The interpretation that the name comes from e.g. B. due to inadequate hygienic conditions actually from the fleas , seems implausible. The correct interpretation is likely to have been an allusion to the small size of the houses or the narrowness of the development as well as the fact that the individual buildings on this side of the street protruded or "jumped out".
Residential building (Breite Strasse 17)
The house was owned by Matthias Berndes' widow from 1542 to 1568. Their daughter, Katharina Berndes, married Peter Linde, whose family subsequently became home owners. The couple attached the coats of arms with the initials PL and CB to the building. The following inscription was on the lintel of the left courtyard building:
- ANNO 1573 DES TUES / DAY AFTER TRINITATIS HAT / PETER LINDEN VND HVSFRVVE / CHATRINA BERNDES DVT / HVS GEBVWET
"Hôtel d'Angleterre" and "Großer Club" (Breite Straße 18)
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The massive building with the insurance number 881 was built in 1713 for the wine merchant Johann Fritz Rönckendorff. The architect is not known. The three-story building had a stone facade with seven window axes. The building used as an inn was named Zur Traube , as indicated by grapes and vine leaves above the portal. In 1745 the name was changed to Hôtel d'Angleterre . In the hotel, which was rebuilt in 1778, the “ Big Club ” met from 1780 , a sociable meeting place for the nobility, the military, scholars and merchants, whose early members included Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Johann Anton Leisewitz . Historical and political journals and newspapers were on display in the club's reading room. After the club was dissolved in 1920, the extensive library came into the possession of the Braunschweig City Library . In the Hôtel d'Angleterre there was a theater that from 1866 onwards offered a wide range of cheerful plays and rough antics. These were performed by local and foreign groups of actors. In 1942 an operetta stage was opened in the Grotrian-Steinweg-Saal. The building, which was badly damaged in 1944, was demolished after the end of the war. The reconstruction was based on the original condition. The richly designed portal was preserved.
Wegener coffee house (Breite Straße 20)
Braunschweig's first coffee house was founded in 1714 by Franz Heinrich Wegener († 1745). It had been at Breiten Straße 20 since 1720 and was enlarged in 1766. As a result, a ballroom was built. Entertainment provided by theater groups, musical performances and auctions, as well as billiard tables and a bowling alley. Competition arose for the great coffee house in the 1770s from the neighboring Hôtel d'Angleterre .
Since 1758, the Caffeestrasse , which branches off east of the Breiten Strasse , is named after the coffee house Wegener , in the following to this day Kaffeetwete . The previous name, which has been documented since 1420, was Glümertwete after a house belonging to the Glümer family on this street.
Residential and trade fair building (Breite Straße 22)
The three-storey solid building with the insurance number 887 was built in the period 1710/1720. The architect is unknown, but Hermann Korb's influences are evident. The house had seven window axes, a symmetrical stone facade, a three-window-wide dwelling and a mansard roof .
The building was destroyed in 1944. After the ruins were torn down, the ground floor was rebuilt based on the original appearance.
Kemenaten
In the Breite Strasse, a large number of the buildings had a bower , ie a stone room that could be heated with a fireplace ( Latin: caminus ). Since the 13th century, buildings of this type, mostly built in the rear part of a half-timbered house, have been used to store valuable property and, above all, to provide structural fire protection . In his essay, Karl Steinacker mentions 14 kemenaten in the Breite Straße, of which ten were largely preserved in 1936. These were destroyed during the Second World War. Because of the expensive building material, kemenaten were reserved for the wealthier strata of the population, ie the patriciate , the collegiate clergy and the nobility.
Today's development
Reprography company Eugen Schwendowius (Breite Straße 16)
On April 14, 1986, the reprographic company Eugen Schwendowius, Breite Straße 16, celebrated its 150th anniversary. It is one of the oldest reprographic companies in Germany.
Bookstore Benno Goeritz (Breite Straße 20)
The Benno Goeritz bookstore at Breiten Straße 20 celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 15, 1970. A Goeritz bookshop is mentioned in the Braunschweig address book from 1878. From 1882 the company name was "Goeritz und zu Putlitz". The sole owner since 1887 was Benno Goeritz, who in 1890 took over the "Häring und Co." bookstore founded in 1870. In 1923 the company was bought by Walter Hallensleben, who continued the business in 1944 despite the destruction of the shop. The bookstore was run in 1957 by Horst Hallensleben, since 1989 together with his son Stefan. At Goeritz, Braunschweig literature was also published in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Impressions
Author's yard from 1681
Front view of the Stechinelli House on the old town market; on the left is the southern end of Breite Straße.
Main building of the Martino-Katharineum
The Martins portal of the Martineum, today the entrance to the auditorium.
View from Breite Straße in north direction, the Fleawinkel is on the right (around 1894).
View from Breite Straße in the direction of Bäckerklint : The former “Fleawinkel” 2008
Breite Strasse 18
Breite Straße 18: Original portal from 1713
House Breite Strasse 18, detail of the portal
View from Breite Straße in south direction to the old town market and the Martinikirche , painting by Cornelius Springer , 1874
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literature
- Johannes Angel: Breite Straße . In: Luitgard Camerer, Manfred RW Garzmann and Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (eds.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon , Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-926701-14-5 .
- Jürgen Hodemacher: Braunschweigs streets - their names and their stories, Volume 1: Innenstadt , Cremlingen 1995, ISBN 3-92706-011-9 .
- Heinrich Meier : The street names of the city of Braunschweig , Wolfenbüttel 1904.
- Museum in Wolfenbüttel Castle, Department of Building History of the TU Braunschweig (Ed.): Hermann Korb and his time. Baroque building in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 978-393766451-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Spieß : Braunschweig im Nachmittelalter , Volume II, Braunschweig 1966, p. 519.
- ^ Museum in Wolfenbüttel Castle, Department of Building History of the TU Braunschweig (Ed.): Hermann Korb and his time. Baroque building in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 978-393766451-4 , p. 204.
- ^ Sabine Wehking : DI 56, No. 920 †, in: Deutsche Insschriften Online
- ^ Heinrich Meier: The street names of the city of Braunschweig. In: Sources and research on Brunswick history ; Volume 1, Wolfenbüttel 1904, p. 15
- ^ Heinrich Edel: The half-timbered houses of the city of Braunschweig. An art and cultural historical picture , Braunschweig 1928, p. 19
- ↑ Sabine Wehking, DI 56, No. 539 †, in: Deutsche Insschriften Online
- ^ Luitgard Camerer: Big Club . In: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon , Braunschweig 1992, p. 92.
- ↑ City of Braunschweig (ed.): 300 years of theater in Braunschweig 1690–1990 , Braunschweig 1990, p. 260.
- ^ Richard Moderhack : Braunschweiger Stadtgeschichte , Braunschweig 1997, p. 306.
- ^ Peter Albrecht: Coffee houses . In: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon , 4th edition, Braunschweig 1996, pp. 120f.
- ↑ Michael North : Enjoyment and happiness in life. Cultural consumption in the Age of Enlightenment. Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-412-11003-5 , pp. 198f.
- ↑ Johannes Angel: Kaffeetwete . In: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon , 4th edition, Braunschweig 1996, p. 121.
- ^ Museum in Wolfenbüttel Castle, Department of Building History of the TU Braunschweig (Ed.): Hermann Korb and his time. Baroque building in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 978-393766451-4 , p. 206.
- ^ Karl Steinacker: Schematic proof of kemenaten in the city of Braunschweig . In: Yearbook of the Braunschweigischen Geschichtsverein , Vol. 8, Braunschweig 1936, p. 42.
- ^ Peter Giesau: Kemenaten . In: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon , Braunschweig 1992, p. 126f.
- ↑ City Chronicle Braunschweig, 1970
- ^ Luitgard Camerer: Goeritz, Benno Buchhandlung . In: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon , Braunschweig 1992, p. 90.
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 50.7 ″ N , 10 ° 31 ′ 0.1 ″ E