Baker's clink
Baker's clink
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| The Bäckerklint on the 1798 by Friedrich Wilhelm Culemann -made plan of the city of Braunschweig . |
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The Bäckerklint in Braunschweig is an expanding space to street in precincts old town with a more than 700-year history.
"Klint"
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The Bäckerklint is one of the street names in Braunschweig city center that end in " Klint ". Radeklint and Südklint are only a few dozen meters away (merged into the redesigned Radeklint at the beginning of the 1960s through appropriate traffic route planning). "Klint" describes a hill that rises from a river valley (in the case of Braunschweig the Oker ). Klinte were therefore close to the Oker, within the city wall and rose from the lowlands. The street “Klint” is also still in the Magniviertel today .
The " Breite Straße " and the " Scharrnstraße " lead to the Bäckerklint . In the immediate vicinity there are numerous smaller streets, such as “An der Petrikirche ” in the northeast and a little above the “ Lange Straße ” , which was much narrower than it is today until the end of the war. Furthermore earlier z. Sometimes narrow streets, such as the "Malertwete" running to the west and the "Kaffeetwete" leading to the east (for the meaning of this ending see Twete ). Large streets in the immediate vicinity are the " Güldenstrasse " and " Gördelingerstrasse " , which run from south to north, and lead past the Bäckerklint to the west and east. A few hundred meters to the south in the extension of "Breite Straße" is the old town market at the end of it .
history
origin
The area was first mentioned in 1297 as “in clivo” , in 1309 and 1314 it was already called “upme Klinte” , in 1344 “uppe deme klte vor sente Petersdore” and finally in 1397 “upme deme Becker-Clinte” . In 1400 it was only called "clivus" and in 1412 "de klynd" . The name was given by the disproportionately high number of bakers who had chosen the location because of its proximity to the Oker, in order to be able to get extinguishing water quickly in the event of a fire.
Development
The development of the Bäckerklint itself and its immediate vicinity consisted of almost 100% half-timbered houses , the construction of which dates back to the late Middle Ages. Characteristic was the close, z. Sometimes angled and staggered arrangement of buildings of different sizes, which were equipped with more or less large backyards. Due to the close development with wooden houses, which were originally covered with thatch, as well as the high density of bakeries, there were often Sometimes devastating fires, such as B. in the year 1290 laid large parts of the city center to rubble and ashes.
Till Eulenspiegel and the Bäckerklint
Before it was destroyed by the numerous bombings of World War II , the Bäckerklint was particularly known for its historical or legendary connection with Till Eulenspiegel (1300-1350), who is said to have played some of his tricks on the town's citizens and craftsmen . There is a story about Till being employed by a baker at the Bäckerklint to help with the baking. When asked what he should bake, the angry baker replied “Ulen un Apen” ( owls and monkeys ). Which Till did then. The baker was so angry that he fired Till and asked him for the money back for the dough. The rogue rogue agreed and simply sold the baked goods themselves, for supposedly double the price.
The Eulenspiegelhaus
In memory of Eulenspiegel's pranks, there were numerous things at the Bäckerklint that were associated with the fool . B. The so-called Eulenspiegel-Haus at Bäckerklint 11, allegedly the bakery in which he is said to have baked his “Ulen un Apen” . However, this is impossible, as the building dates from around 1630 - Eulenspiegel had died around 1350. At one corner of the building there was a figure of Eulenspiegel carved by Julius Meyer in 1869. The interior of the bakery was repainted by Adolf Otto Koeppen in 1931 . The well-known shop, last run by Otto Lipke, existed until it was completely destroyed on October 15, 1944 and sold around 300 "owls and meerkats" every day until the outbreak of war .
Directly next to the "Eulenspiegel-Haus" was the house "Zum Wilden Mann", in the direction of Breite Straße, where Till Eulenspiegel is said to have stayed when he worked as a "baker" in Braunschweig. In addition, the "Eulenspiegel-Drugstore" was located on the south side of the Bäckerklint and the Eulenspiegel fountain has been located in the center of the square that forms the street since it was set up in 1906.
The Eulenspiegel fountain
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In memory of Till Eulenspiegel and his Braunschweig pranks, the Jewish banker Bernhard Meyersfeld donated the fountain in 1905. The fountain consists of a hexagonal stone base with a bowl. Till Eulenspiegel sits smiling and life-size on the raised head part of the fountain, while a total of two owls and three vervet monkeys, which are designed as gargoyles, sit alternately on the edge of the fountain.
The fountain was neither relocated nor protected during the Second World War, but it was the only "structure" to survive all bomb attacks undamaged while the entire area was completely destroyed. On the occasion of the Braunschweig Home Day on October 1, 1950, it was put back in its original location, where it is still today.
The "flea angle"
Some houses on the east side, at the transition from Breite Straße to Bäckerklint, were called "Fleawinkel" from around 1700 until they were completely destroyed and were one of the city's sights. The origin of the name "Fleawinkel" is unclear. The interpretation that the name comes from e.g. B. due to inadequate hygienic conditions actually from the fleas , seems implausible. The correct interpretation is likely to have been an allusion to the small size of the houses or the narrowness of the development as well as the fact that the individual buildings on this side of the street protruded or "jumped out" (as fleas do).
The "Mumme House"
The most famous building of the Bäckerklint was on its west side: It was the so-called "Mumme-Haus" of the Steger Brewery at Bäckerklint 4. The large Renaissance building was built in 1588. The basement and 1st floor were bricked, while the remaining floors were built in half-timbered construction. Over the centuries, the building has been redesigned or restored several times. It was so badly damaged during the air raids of World War II, particularly that of 1944, that its remains were eventually demolished. Only a few parts, including the Renaissance portal , could be saved.
"Klinterklater"
Together with the other three "Klinten": Klint , Südklint and Radeklint was the Bäckerklint its name to one created in the 19th century Schimpf- and insulting term for those living in these (and eventually other neighborhoods downtown) poorer classes. Due to the complete destruction of these residential areas in the Second World War with permanent emigration of local residents, the term disappeared almost completely and was only used again in the recent past and after a change in meaning.
destruction
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The historical urban landscape in the area of Bäckerklint, Südklint and Radeklint, which had grown over 700 years and consisted mostly of closely lined up half-timbered houses, was almost 100 due to the numerous bombing raids during the Second World War, especially the heaviest bombing raid on October 15, 1944 % destroyed. After the end of the war, Braunschweig resembled a desert of ruins and a ghost town .
post war period
A reconstruction was almost always impossible with the wooden buildings, the ruins of the stone buildings were mostly demolished in order to make room for new buildings in the style of the time at the beginning of the 1950s and to be able to do justice to the traffic planning in the sense of the " car- friendly city ".
literature
- Eckart Grote: Target Brunswick 1943 - 1945. Air raid target Braunschweig - documents of destruction. Braunschweig 1994.
- Jürgen Hodemacher : Braunschweig's streets - their names and their stories. Volume 1: Inner City. Cremlingen 1995.
- Heinrich Meier : The street names of the city of Braunschweig. In: Sources and research on Brunswick history. Volume 1, Wolfenbüttel 1904.
- Rudolf Prescher : The red rooster over Braunschweig. Air raid protection measures and aerial warfare events in the city of Braunschweig from 1927 to 1945 , Braunschweig 1955.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jürgen Hodemacher: Braunschweigs streets - their names and their stories. Volume 1: Inner City. , Cremlingen 1995, p. 314.
- ^ A b Heinrich Meier: The street names of the city of Braunschweig. In: Sources and research on Brunswick history. Volume 1, Wolfenbüttel 1904, p. 14.
- ↑ Klint. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 11 : K - (V). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1873, Sp. 1199-1200 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
- ↑ a b Jürgen Hodemacher: Braunschweigs streets - their names and their stories. Volume 1: Inner City. Cremlingen 1995, p. 68.
- ↑ Hermann Bote: Till Eulenspiegel - Chapter 61 . projekt-gutenberg.org. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
- ↑ braunschweigheute.de
- ↑ a b Garzmann, Schuegraf, Pingel: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon - supplementary volume. Braunschweig 1996, p. 43.
- ^ Heinrich Meier: The street names of the city of Braunschweig. In: Sources and research on Brunswick history. Volume 1, Wolfenbüttel 1904, p. 15.
- ^ Heinrich Edel: The half-timbered houses of the city of Braunschweig. An art and cultural historical picture , Braunschweig 1928, p. 19
- ↑ Eckhard Schimpf : Klinterklater I - Typically Braunschweigisch. 750 phrases, expressions and little stories, Braunschweiger Zeitungsverlag, Braunschweig 1993, p. 69.
- ↑ Dieter Heitefuß: Risen from rubble. Braunschweig and its reconstruction after 1945. A picture documentation. Braunschweig 2005, p. 32.
Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 57 ″ N , 10 ° 30 ′ 54 ″ E