Südklint

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Südklint
coat of arms
Street in Braunschweig
Südklint
1894: Südklint with Petrikirche .
Basic data
place Braunschweig
District Old town
Created 13th Century
Hist. Names On the Klinte in front of St. Petersthore, On the shield at St. Petersthore, Sauklint
Connecting roads to the north: Radeklint ;
to the south: Echternstraße , Güldenstraße
Cross streets to the west: at the old Petritor;
to the east: Bäckerklint
Places Baker's clink
Buildings Südklint 15
("Brown Deer"),
Südklint 22
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic
Bäcker- , Rade- and Südklint on the map of the city of Braunschweig made by Friedrich Wilhelm Culemann in 1798 . Blue: the north-western Okerum flood , dark brown: the poor workhouse at Südklint 15 (left) and the Petrikirche (right).

The Südklint in the northwestern part of the precincts of the old town of Braunschweig located, was a short, irregular running road or "road widening" between the Bäckerklint and "Am Alten Petritor" as well as the merger of Güldenstraße and Echternstraße .

The street, which was probably laid out in the 12th or 13th century , was largely destroyed by bombing during the Second World War , especially the one on October 15, 1944 . In the course of the rebuilding of the city, the southern cliff was completely removed in the early 1960s to make way for a five-lane road. The street name was officially canceled in 1966, so the street no longer exists today.

etymology

The Südklint was one of four street names in the Braunschweig city center that contained the word "Klint". The three other roads with a similar name that still exist today are the Radeklint and the Bäckerklint , which both directly adjoined or merged into the Südklint before it was removed. The last of these streets is just called Klint and is in the Magniviertel . "Klint" describes a hill that rises from a river valley (in the case of Braunschweig the Oker valley ). Streets with “Klint” in their name were located near the Oker, within the city walls and rose from their lowlands.

The historian Heinrich Meier claims in his 1904 work The Street Names of the City of Braunschweig that the name "Südklint", originally actually "Sauklint", was the only one for this area until 1515. This place name for the house Südklint 1 between Scharrnstrasse and Güldenstrasse is documented for 1515 : “so men van dem sueklinte wants umme the place gan uppe de guldenstrate”. Hermann Dürre , also a historian, mentions, however, in his work History of the City of Braunschweig in the Middle Ages , published in 1861 , that the square that was formed by the meeting of Güldenstrasse and Echternstrasse was "Auf dem Klinte before St. Petersthore" and 1400 was called "Auf dem Schilde bei St. Petersthore" and refers to the degeding book of the old town. Between 1731 and 1758 is "Sauklint" or "Sau-Klint" takes on different maps, but only in the 1789 by Friedrich Wilhelm Culemann the designation "Südklint" appears crafted plan and will also Philip Christian Ribbentrop published in the same year Description City of Braunschweig used.

"Klinterklater"

The inhabitants of the Klinte mostly belonged to poorer sections of the population. Based on or derived from the word "Klint" for a hill that rises from a river valley, the word " Klinterklater " was created over 300 years ago in the Braunschweig dialect, which was used to denote disparagingly poorer sections of the population, especially those who " the Klinte "inhabited.

In house Südklint 15 ( insurance number 836) there was a workhouse for the poor between 1773 and 1829 , which was converted into a community school after this time .

history

Even before 1515, the street was said to have been called the "Südklint". Before that were z. Sometimes different names in use. The reason for this was probably the fact that a clear assignment of the houses to the surrounding streets was made more difficult by the fact that a large contiguous block of houses with the insurance numbers 843 to 854 separated the Klint into a northern and a southern part. In the north was the Neustadt area with the Radeklint, in the south the old town with the Bäckerklint. The course of the street or the affiliation of the individual houses to the surrounding streets and squares was therefore confusing. In the land registers of the 18th century the name “Südklint” does not appear at all, which is why the area was alternately referred to as Bäckerklint, Güldenstraße, Echternstraße or “Vor dem alten Petritore”. In 1857 the buildings with the insurance numbers 838–840 and 847–849 belonged to the Old Petritor, while no. 850 belonged to the Bäckerklint. It was only from 1858 that a final regulation seems to have been implemented. In that year there were a total of 22 properties on the Südklint.

The development of the area Südklint and the surrounding area consisted for the most part of half-timbered houses that came from the 15th century. Stone buildings were rather rare in this area.

Buildings

The most striking building of the Südklint was the one in 1591 for the Brunswick patrician , councilor and kitchen treasurer Heinrich Hartwich the Elder. J. († 1626) built in the Renaissance style building Südklint 15 , which was also called "Brown Deer" because of a coat of arms decoration . ). Hartwich acquired the property in 1591. At the time of purchase, there was another building on it, which was mentioned in 1402. A special feature of this house was its iron door, because of which the stone house was named in 1421 as "to der isernen Dore" ( to the iron door ). Hartwich had this old house demolished and in 1591 a new building was built there, later known as the "Brown Deer". The house remained in the possession of the Hartwich family until 1668.

Who built the house is unclear or unknown. The house had two portals of exceptional craftsmanship. Above one were the letters "GHS", the meaning of which is still unclear today. Mechthild Scherer names the sculptor Weimar Heinemann as the builder , while Paul Jonas Meier interprets the initials "GHS" as those of the builder Wolter Hasemann . It is also debatable whether the letters “GHS” are actually a sculptor's mark or the owner's initials .

The house had two storeys made of stone and a half-timbered upper storey. The larger gate portal was crowned by a brown stag jumping over an inscription. The inscription read: DIS • HAVS • STHET / IN GOTTES HANDT / VND • IST • ZVM • BRAV / NEN • HIRS • GENANDT . The smaller pedestrian portal was entitled NISI • DOMINVS • FRVSTRA (for example: “Without God everything is in vain”), a modification of the 127th Psalm . In 1909 the building was repaired under the direction of Max Osterloh .

House no. built Remarks Status today
1 1482 and 1569 Insurance company number 802. Meier already noted the designation "to den Engelen" ( to the angels ) for this house for 1465 (but possibly also for a previous building). destroyed
2 Was in the time of Baroque rebuilt destroyed
3 destroyed
House No. 4 (photo from 1894) 1534 destroyed
House No. 5 (photo from 1894) between 1534 and 1550 The house had four floors and followed the course of the street at a bend. On a threshold was the inscription: De • here • is • na • Bi • Den • De • Enns • to • Broke (n) • h (erten) • sin • v (nde) • helpt • Den • De • Enn • to • SlAGEn • Gen • GE • MOtE • HEBBEn • SalmE • 34 • ( The Lord is close to those who are broken in heart and helps those who have broken hearts , Psalm 34 , verse 19). The year 1593 could be read in two other places. A Jasper Kroeger is documented as the owner for the period from 1593 to 1626. The front building is said to have originated around 1550. destroyed
6th destroyed
7th According to Meier, the building Südklint 7 in 1460 was named "to dem roden Lauwen" ( to the red lion ). Hodemacher mentions it as "Tegtbuer'sches Haus", which was built by Henning Remling in 1469 and remained in the family until 1573 and was finally bought in 1586 by a Heinrich Hodam. destroyed
8th until around 1500 Individually traufständig villa situated between Gülden- and Echternstraße with two bullets. Around 1670 a wind bay was added on the Rähm . destroyed
9 Had a baroque roof bay window. destroyed
10 destroyed
11 before 1550 Evening and advanced training school for women and girls. destroyed
12 destroyed
13 destroyed
14th destroyed
Braunschweig Suedklint 15 (1900) .jpg 1591 Insurance company number 836, built in 1591 for the patrician, councilor and treasurer Heinrich Hartwich († 1626), then family property until 1668. From 1773 to 1829 there was a workhouse there, then a community school until it was destroyed in 1944. destroyed
Inner courtyard of house 16 around 1880 around 1500 destroyed
17th 1469 Insurance company number 838. Semi-detached house with richly decorated figurines, including Braunschweig's patron saint , Saint Auctor . The house had the inscription "an (n) od (omi) ni m ° cccc lxixa post festv (m) iacobi (com) pletv (m) est" ( It was completed in the year of the Lord 1469 after the feast day of Jacobus ) . The arms of the Remmeling and Repener families were attached to the house. Hennig von Remmeling had the house built. Later it went to his daughter, who married into the Repener family and their husband. Other parts of the building were made by Hinrik Hodam, who had owned the house since 1586. destroyed
18th destroyed
19th Adjacent to the house "Am Alten Petritor 2". destroyed
20th destroyed
House 21 (left) around 1894 around 1666 Assekuranznummer 849. 7 spans of the house were demolished in 1897 to make way for a new stone building. destroyed
House 22 (right) around 1894 1524 Insurance company number 850. The house, built in 1524, was demolished in 1897. The remains of the half-timbering are now in the Braunschweig Municipal Museum . A stone semi-detached house was built on the same site. destroyed

destruction

Formerly the portal of the house Südklint 15.

The old buildings on the Südklint were completely destroyed in the Second World War by numerous bomb attacks, especially the one on October 15, 1944 , and were never rebuilt. A few pieces were recovered, such as B. the entrance portal of the building Südklint 15 from the year 1591. It has been restored and since 1974/75 it has been embedded in the "House of Church Services" of the Diakonisches Werk Braunschweig in Riddagshausen .

post war period

2012: View of Güldenstrasse , towards the south. The Südklint was before 1945 where the red vehicle is in the center of the photo.

The debris clearing officially began in the city of Braunschweig on June 17, 1946. To this end, several so-called " rubble railways " were set up in the following years , which transported the rubble to unloading points outside the city limits. One of these railways, the “Pippelweg Trümmerbahn”, which existed from 1948 to 1952, ran, among other things, directly from the Wollmarkt through Weberstrasse , across the Radeklint and directly “through” the former building complex that had formed the northwest side of the Südklint.

The Braunschweig City Planning Council and head of reconstruction in the city, Johannes Göderitz , published the first ideas for the redesign and redesign of the destroyed Braunschweig in May 1949. Willi Schütte, also city planner, published his plans to change the Radeklint in 1956. This was implemented from 1958 onwards. Due to the planned relocation of land and roads in this area, the construction of new buildings and apartments was prohibited; only temporary buildings made of rubble were allowed. In the course of the transport policy redesign of the nearby Radeklint in the sense of the " car- friendly city " postulated from the end of the 1950s , the Südklint street was finally removed at the beginning of the 1960s and merged into Radeklint and Güldenstraße. On July 25, 1963, the ceremonial handover of the new Radeklint intersection, one of today's traffic junctions in the city center, took place.

Together with Taschenstrasse and Worth Desert in the Magniviertel and streets such as Geiershagen , Nickelnkulk and Rehnstoben in Neustadt , the Südklint is not only one of those Braunschweig streets whose buildings were largely or even completely destroyed during the war, but also to those whose ruins were in the post-war period were also permanently eliminated. There was no restoration or reconstruction there. Like Taschenstraße, Nickelnkulk and Desert Worth, the street name “Südklint” was finally deleted from the official street directory of the city of Braunschweig in 1966.

literature

  • Hartwig Beseler, Niels Gutschow: War fates of German architecture - losses, damage, reconstruction. Volume 2: South. Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3-926642-22-X .
  • Rudolf Fricke : The community center in Braunschweig. In: The German community center. Volume 20. Ernst Wasmuth, Tübingen 1975, ISBN 3-8030-0022-X .
  • Dieter Heitefuß: Risen from the rubble. Braunschweig and its reconstruction after 1945. A picture documentation. Braunschweig 2005, ISBN 3-9803243-5-4 .
  • Jürgen Hodemacher : Braunschweig's streets, their names and their stories. Volume 1: Inner City. Cremlingen 1995, ISBN 3-927060-11-9 .
  • Wolfgang Kimpflinger: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, architectural monuments in Lower Saxony. Volume 1.1 .: City of Braunschweig. Part 1. Hameln 1993, ISBN 3-87585-252-4 .
  • Heinrich Meier : The street names of the city of Braunschweig. In: Sources and research on Brunswick history. Volume 1, Wolfenbüttel 1904.
  • Paul Jonas Meier , Karl Steinacker : The architectural and art monuments of the city of Braunschweig. 2nd, expanded edition, Braunschweig 1926.

Web links

Commons : Südklint  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Hermann Dürre : History of the City of Braunschweig in the Middle Ages , Braunschweig 1861, p. 698, FN 109 and 110
  2. ↑ a b c d e Heinrich Meier: The street names of the city of Braunschweig. , P. 102
  3. ↑ Dieter Heitefuß: Memories of Old Braunschweig 1930–1960 , Braunschweig 1995, ISBN 3-9803243-3-8 , p. 111
  4. ↑ a b Dieter Heitefuß: Risen from rubble. Braunschweig and its reconstruction after 1945. A picture documentation , p. 43
  5. ^ Heinrich Meier: The street names of the city of Braunschweig. In: Sources and research on Brunswick history. Volume 1, Wolfenbüttel 1904, p. 14.
  6. ↑ Klint . In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm : German Dictionary . Hirzel, Leipzig 1854–1961 ( woerterbuchnetz.de , University of Trier).
  7. ^ A b Jürgen Hodemacher: Braunschweig's streets, their names and their stories. Volume 1: Inner City. P. 314.
  8. ^ A b Philip Christian Ribbentrop : Description of the city of Braunschweig. 1. Volume, Johann Christoph Meyer, Braunschweig 1789, p. 97.
  9. ^ Heinrich Meier: The street names of the city of Braunschweig. In: Sources and research on Brunswick history. Volume 1, Wolfenbüttel 1904, p. 14.
  10. ↑ Eckhard Schimpf : Klinterklater I - Typically Braunschweigisch. 750 phrases, expressions and little stories, Braunschweiger Zeitungsverlag, Braunschweig 1993, p. 69.
  11. ^ Richard Moderhack : Braunschweig's city history. In: Gerd Spies (ed.): Braunschweig - The image of the city in 900 years. History and views. Volume I, Braunschweig 1985, p. 66.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f Jürgen Hodemacher: Braunschweig's streets, their names and their stories. Volume 1: Inner City. P. 315.
  13. ^ A b Heinrich Meier: The street names of the city of Braunschweig. P. 103.
  14. ↑ Paul Jonas Meier, Karl Steinacker: The architectural and art monuments of the city of Braunschweig. P. 82 ff.
  15. ^ A b Norman-Mathias Pingel: Brauner Hirsch , In: Garzmann, Schuegraf, Pingel (ed.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon - supplementary volume. Braunschweig 1996, ISBN 3-926701-30-7 , p. 26.
  16. ^ A b c Heinrich Meier : Proper names of the Brunswick town houses. In: Paul Zimmermann (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Magazin. No. 3, January 29, 1899, p. 18.
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Rudolf Fricke: The community center in Braunschweig. P. 165.
  18. ↑ Mechtild Scherer: The sculptor Georg Röttger and his circle. A contribution to the sculpture of the late Renaissance in Braunschweig. Diss. Phil. Freiburg 1922, quoted from: Sabine Wehking: DI 56 No. 644 (†) . urn : nbn: de: 0238-di056g009k0064407 ( inschriften.net ).
  19. ^ Paul Jonas Meier : The handicrafts of the sculptor in the city of Braunschweig since the Reformation. In: Workpieces from the museum, archive and library of the city of Braunschweig. VIII, Appelhans, Braunschweig 1936, p. 21.
  20. ↑ Sabine Wehking: DI 56 No. 644 (†) . urn : nbn: de: 0238-di056g009k0064407 ( inschriften.net ).
  21. ↑ Coat of arms with jumping deer
  22. ^ Text of the 127th Psalm
  23. ^ Rudolf Fricke: The community center in Braunschweig. P. 164.
  24. ↑ Andrea Boockmann, Dietrich Mack: The German inscriptions : Göttinger series, Volume 5: The inscriptions of the city of Braunschweig until 1528. Volume 35, Reichert 1993, p. 143.
  25. ↑ Sabine Wehking: DI 56 No. 459 † . urn : nbn: de: 0238-di056g009k0045904 ( inschriften.net ).
  26. ^ Rudolf Fricke: The community center in Braunschweig. T74 (below).
  27. ↑ Andrea Boockmann: DI 35 No. 168 † . urn : nbn: de: 0238-di035g005k0016802 ( inschriften.net ).
  28. ↑ a b Gerd Spies : Braunschweig - naive. Views by Eduard Gelpke (1847–1923) , In: Braunschweiger Werkstücke. Series B, Volume 8, of the whole series Volume 67, Waisenhaus-Druckerei GmbH, Braunschweig 1988, p. 40.
  29. ↑ Andrea Boockmann and Dietrich Mack: The German inscriptions : Göttinger series, Volume 5: The inscriptions of the city of Braunschweig until 1528. Volume 35, Reichert 1993, p. 236.
  30. ↑ Paul Jonas Meier, Karl Steinacker: The architectural and art monuments of the city of Braunschweig. P. 86.
  31. ^ Richard Moderhack : Braunschweig's city history. In: Gerd Spies (ed.): Braunschweig - The image of the city in 900 years. History and views. Volume I, Braunschweig 1985, p. 111.
  32. ^ Wolfgang Eilers, Dietmar Falk: Narrow-gauge steam in Braunschweig. The history of the rubble railway. In: Small series of publications by the Braunschweiger Verkehrsfreunde e. V. Heft 3, Braunschweig 1985, p. 66.
  33. ^ Wolfgang Eilers, Dietmar Falk: Narrow-gauge steam in Braunschweig. The history of the rubble railway. In: Small series of publications by the Braunschweiger Verkehrsfreunde e. V. Heft 3, Braunschweig 1985, p. 51 (based on Bollmann map from 1949).
  34. ^ Johannes Göderitz : Braunschweig. Destruction and construction. In: Municipal Political Writings of the City of Braunschweig. Issue 4, May 1949, published on behalf of the City Director of the City of Braunschweig Statistical Office, Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei, Braunschweig 1949.
  35. ↑ a b Dieter Heitefuß: Risen from rubble. Braunschweig and its reconstruction after 1945. A picture documentation. P. 42 f.
  36. ↑ Dieter Heitefuß: Risen from rubble. Braunschweig and its reconstruction after 1945. A picture documentation. P. 38 f.

Coordinates: 52 ° 15 '57.2 "  N , 10 ° 30' 51.1"  E