Schützenstrasse (Braunschweig)

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Schützenstrasse
coat of arms
Street in Braunschweig
Schützenstrasse
Bartholomäus chapel on Schützenstrasse
Basic data
place Braunschweig
District Old town
Created 13th Century
Newly designed after 1945
Hist. Names Scuttling rate (1314)
Connecting roads to the north: bum brothers ;
to the south: Kohlmarkt
Cross streets to the west: Lindentwete, Bartholomäustwete (footpath), Neue Straße, Poststraße;
to the east: Alter Zeughof, Kannengießerstraße , Neue Straße (pedestrian zone), Stephanstraße
Places Kohlmarkt
Buildings Bartholomäuskapelle, Brothers Church, former central bank
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport

The Schützenstraße in the city ​​center of Braunschweig , which runs in north-south direction, connects the transverse street Hintern Brüdern to the north with the neighboring Kohlmarkt to the south . The street, formerly characterized by half - timbered houses , lost its original character due to the destruction during the Second World War and subsequent redesigns.

history

The Schützenstraße, which runs in the soft area of ​​the old town , was mentioned in 1314 as Scuttenstrate . The medieval military constitution of the old town obliged its citizens, partly in heavy armor, partly as riflemen. Among the latter, two owners of considerable properties on Schützenstrasse, Tile Kovot and Hans Kale, are mentioned in 1365. There is evidence that the Kovot family had owned the corner house with the insurance number (Ass.) 103, which later became Drevessche house, since 1343 . It can no longer be clarified whether the name of the street is derived from the bourgeois riflemen living here. The assumption made by Schmidt comes from the year 1821 that the name comes from the verb " schütten " ( fundere ), since coins were made in the old coin , the corner house Ass. 162.

Most of the buildings on Schützenstrasse were destroyed or badly damaged during the Second World War.

On December 1, 1969, a memorial plaque for the Braunschweig social democrat Wilhelm Bracke was erected on the property at Schützenstrasse 17 .

Historic buildings

Brothers Church

→ Main article: Brothers Church

The western front of the Evangelical Brothers Church “St. Ulrici Brothers ”, a former Franciscan church . The Franciscan Friars began building their own chapel in 1242, but nothing has survived. The chapel was replaced in the 14th and 15th centuries by a new building in the Gothic style, which was completed in 1451. The high choir was consecrated in 1361 by Bishop Heinrich von Hildesheim. The convent building and the three-wing Gothic cloister were completed by 1522 .

The Brethren Church played an important role for the Reformation in Braunschweig. Johannes Bugenhagen , closest colleague and confessor of Martin Luther , gave his first sermon here on May 21, 1528. During his activity in Braunschweig, Bugenhagen worked together with the ministry of the clergy , the parish and the council to develop the Braunschweig church order , which was adopted by the city council on September 28, 1528. The Franciscans were banned from preaching and any other public activity as early as Easter 1528. After the Reformation, the church and monastery were initially empty until the Brothers Church became the parish church of the St. Ulrici congregation in 1544 , whose church on the Kohlmarkt had been demolished.

Structural changes were made to the church in the post-Reformation period. The monastery buildings were used by the city for different purposes. In 1569 was in the refectory , the monastery of the arsenal of the five precincts set up, which was extended in the following years. In 1753 the library of the Ministry of Spirituality was merged with the books of Liberei in the Brethren Church. The library remained in the sacristy of the Brothers Church until it was moved to the Neustadtrathaus in 1863 .

Between 1861 and 1865 the Brothers Church was restored by Carl Tappe and in 1903/1904 by Max Osterloh . During the Second World War , the Brothers Church and the former monastery were badly damaged. The roof was completely destroyed and large parts of the monastery complex no longer existed. After 1945, the church and the former monastery building were restored in several construction phases up to 1978. The cloister, the sacristy and a small polygonal chapel have been preserved from the medieval monastery complex. The church still contains the choir stalls from the end of the 14th century, the high altar and a relief image of St. Francis. The partially preserved rood screen from 1592/94 is set up in the entrance area. The baptismal font from the Ulricikirche, which was demolished in 1544, is also preserved.

Bartholomäus chapel (Schützenstraße 5a)

The chapel consecrated to the Apostle Bartholomäus was first mentioned in a document in 1304, but was started in Romanesque forms as early as the end of the 12th century . Gothic renovations were carried out during the 13th and 14th centuries . At the end of the 15th century the main portal on the east side was created. The gable relief bears the year 1483. The Bartholomäuskapelle was under the patronage of the Blasiusstift and had no parish rights. In a contract between the monastery and the city council of January 29, 1325, the chapel was designated as belonging to the Martini parish .

After the Reformation , the Blasiusstift donated the building to the city, which stood empty until 1626 and was then temporarily used as an auditorium for lectures by the city ​​superintendent . After 1671 the building served as an armory .

Duke Anton Ulrich left the Bartholomäus chapel to the Reformed community in 1708. The chapel was redesigned by master builder Hermann Korb and inaugurated on February 3, 1709. The west towers were badly damaged by a storm on New Year's Eve 1834 and demolished in the course of the year. Renovations were carried out in 1850, 1867 and 1877. In 1904 the building was restored by Georg Lübke . After severe destruction during the Second World War, the Bartholomäus chapel was rebuilt in a simplified form in 1953.

Urban coin

City coin based on an engraving by Johann Georg Beck , 1714

The city mint had been in the corner house (Ass. 162) on the Kohlmarkt since the middle of the 14th century (1345/1368). The foundry, the smithy, the tasting room, the meeting room of the minters, the ten men’s room and the great treasury were part of the building. After the city was conquered in 1671, the mint passed into ducal possession. The now princely mint was moved to Heydenstrasse in 1719 . After the building was sold in 1719, a tobacco factory was established here, which burned down in 1723. All the buildings of the old mint were subsequently rebuilt. The large metal sundial from the old mint, created in 1659, was attached to Braunschweig Cathedral in the course of this work in 1723 . The ducal purveyor to the court, Alexander David , bought the land and buildings in 1729. He set up a synagogue in the rear building. Alexander David is considered to be the re-founder of the Jewish community in Braunschweig. In the 19th century, the house became the property of the industrialist Max Jüdel , who sold it to a businessman in 1907. This had the building completely demolished.

Residential building (Schützenstrasse 2)

The house with the insurance number 105 and the outbuildings were demolished in 1879. In a side building in the courtyard from the beginning of the 16th century, wall paintings were found in a niche presumably used as a house chapel during the demolition work when a wooden shed was removed. In the painting the risen Christ was depicted over the open grave. The following inscription was above the painting:

"Jck am the vpperstandinge and dat leuent · Wol to mick / louet de worth leuen Whether honestly storue / and wol dar leuet and louet to mick / De worth number more Sterven Joh u: XI"

The following inscription was found below the wall painting:

“This itz dat klene kindelin dat schal / stedeß in our hartenn sin dat is / von sue (n) den so clear. ick give it to him, blessed never ihar. "

The building is shown in a watercolor by Eduard Gelpke .

Residential and commercial building (Schützenstrasse 4)

The house at Schützenstrasse No. 4 (Ass. 107) was built around 1300. Hermen Bakenhower, constable and councilor of the old town, is documented for the period from 1396 to 1435 . This is where the Honigbaum furniture store, founded by carpenter August Honigbaum in 1878 and no longer in existence today, was located .

Half-timbered house (Schützenstrasse 6)

The three-storey high-rise building was built around 1490 on church land north of the Bartholomäus chapel as a tithe barn and residential building. A detailed description of the building can be found at Rudolf Fricke . The house was destroyed in World War II.

More buildings

House no. 27 (Ass. 134) was where the wandering farrier and armorer journeymans stayed. The residential and commercial building at Schützenstraße 34, decorated with rich carvings, was built in the 17th century. The half-timbered building was destroyed in World War II.

Kemenaten

Medieval kemenaten , ie stone rooms that can be heated with a fireplace ( Latin: caminus ), have been handed down for the residential buildings at Schützenstrasse No. 2, 4, 27, 30 and 35 . Since the 13th century, buildings of this type, mostly built in the rear part of a half-timbered house, have been used to store valuable property and, above all, to provide structural fire protection . Three kemenaten in Schützenstrasse were still largely preserved in 1936, but were destroyed during the Second World War. Because of the expensive building material, kemenaten were reserved for the wealthier strata of the population, ie the patriciate , the collegiate clergy and the nobility.

Today's development

Former state central bank

The foundation stone for the new Landeszentralbank building between Gördelingerstraße and Schützenstraße was laid on October 10, 1983, and the topping-out ceremony exactly one year later. The inauguration ceremony took place on February 13, 1986. The Bundesbank branch was closed and the building is now used as an office and commercial building.

More buildings

In mid-September 1960, the extension of the Pfeiffer & Schmidt textile wholesaler opened at Schützenstrasse 5.

Impressions

literature

  • Johannes Angel: Schützenstrasse. In: Luitgard Camerer, Manfred RW Garzmann and Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (eds.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon. Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-926701-14-5 .
  • Jürgen Hodemacher: Braunschweig's streets - their names and their stories. Volume 1: Inner City. Cremlingen 1995, ISBN 3-927060-11-9 .
  • Heinrich Meier : The street names of the city of Braunschweig. Wolfenbüttel 1904.

Web links

Commons : Schützenstraße  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner Spieß : History of the City of Braunschweig in the Post Middle Ages , Volume II, Braunschweig 1966, p. 552.
  2. ↑ Sabine Wehking : DI 56, No. 457 †, in: Deutsche Insschriften Online
  3. ^ Karl Steinacker: Schematic proof of kemenaten in the city of Braunschweig . In: Yearbook of the Braunschweigisches Geschichtsverein. Volume 8, Braunschweig 1936, p. 42.
  4. ^ Rudolf Fricke : The community center in Braunschweig , Tübingen 1975, p. 30.
  5. ^ Kerstin Rahn: Religious brotherhoods in the late medieval city of Braunschweig. In: Braunschweiger workpieces. Volume 91, Braunschweig 1994, p. 232 f.
  6. ^ Rudolf Fricke : The community center in Braunschweig. Tübingen 1975, p. 71.
  7. ^ Karl Steinacker : Schematic proof of kemenaten in the city of Braunschweig . In: Yearbook of the Braunschweigisches Geschichtsverein. Volume 8, Braunschweig 1936, p. 43.
  8. ^ Karl Steinacker: Schematic proof of kemenaten in the city of Braunschweig . In: Yearbook of the Braunschweigisches Geschichtsverein. Volume 8, Braunschweig 1936, p. 42.
  9. ^ Peter Giesau: Kemenaten. In: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon. Braunschweig 1992, p. 126 f.

Coordinates: 52 ° 15 '52.9 "  N , 10 ° 31' 7.3"  E