Alexander David

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Alexander David around 1760

Alexander David (born on January 17, 1687 in Halberstadt ; died on October 14, 1765 in Braunschweig ) was the ducal Braunschweig court and chamber agent and imperial factor . He was the re-founder of the Jewish community in Braunschweig.

Life

Alexander David, born in Halberstadt as the son of the learned David Alexander Federschneider, came from a wealthy protective Jewish family . His brothers Michael († 1758) and Abraham worked as chamber agents in Hanover and Kassel .

Braunschweig Chamber Agent

David came to Braunschweig in 1707, where he initially met resistance from the city and its citizens. As a chamber agent, David was under the protection of Duke Anton Ulrichs († 1714) and his successor August Wilhelm († 1731). In 1715 the latter issued him a letter of protection for life and appointed him purveyor to the court in 1717. David supplied the court with luxury items such as fabrics, jewelery and paintings that were not available on site and were bought by agents in London, Paris or Brussels. In 1716 he became director of the newly established tobacco factory on Kohlmarkt . From 1722 he was court banker and advisor in financial matters and granted loans to the ducal court. During the Seven Years' War , David was also an army supplier. As a ducal official, he was not subject to municipal jurisdiction. One of the special rights granted was that he was allowed to buy a house on Kohlmarkt. Braunschweig Jews were only granted the right to purchase land in 1808. Until his death in 1765 he served five Brunswick dukes. His successor as ducal chamber agent in 1782 was the banker Herz Samson (1738–1794) from Wolfenbüttel , whose grandfather Marcus Gumpel Moses Fulda (1660–1733) founded the Jewish community there.

Re-establishment of the Jewish community

The newer Jewish community arose around the privileged and economically successful court Jew David after the Jews had been expelled from the city in 1546. In his residential and commercial building at 16 Kohlmarkt, David had a prayer room, which he had the council approve on the intercession of the pastor of St. Martini . David acquired the neighboring house at Kohlmarkt 12 to later set up a synagogue , which the council did not approve during his lifetime. When he died, the Jewish community of 30 families had neither a synagogue nor its own cemetery . David was buried in his birthplace Halberstadt, where one of the largest Jewish communities in Europe existed at that time. His grave can no longer be proven due to the leveling of the Jewish cemetery at the time of National Socialism . David collected a large number of cult objects and valuable manuscripts for his prayer room. This collection, which he also made available to the Christian population, formed the basis of the Jewish Museum in the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum .

family

  • Son David (* 1709) took over the father's business
  • Son Moses (around 1712–1755) alternatively Moses Braunschweig was a merchant and Talmudist in Frankfurt
  • Son Napthali Herz († 1738) died as a bridegroom
  • Daughter Math was married to Moses Levi in ​​Amsterdam
  • Daughter Hendel (around 1730–1808) was married to Nathan Beer Isaac Kann
  • Son Philipp (around 1730–1808) was a merchant in Altona and married to his cousin Krona David from Kassel. His son Moses was a Jewish scholar, director of the Meyer school foundations in Hanover and managing director of the “Fideicommisscomtoir” of his uncle Meyer Michael David’s banking house. He was involved in the political and philosophical discourse of the Maskilim . He was baptized in 1801, called himself Johann Jacob Martin Philippi from 1816 and became royal Prussian councilor at the tax office in Cologne.
  • Son Simon (1748–1814)
  • Son Herz alias Karl Philipp Ferdinand Alexander (* 1755)

Family table

literature

  • Reinhard Bein : Eternal House Jewish cemeteries in the city and country of Braunschweig. Braunschweig 2004.
  • Ralf Busch : The Case of Alexander David of Braunschweig. in: Vivian Mann, Richard I. Cohen (Ed.): From Court Jews to the Rothschilds. Art, Patronage and Power 1600--1800. Munich; New York 1996, pp. 59–65 with illustration of a portrait of Alexander David and his house
  • Ed. Duckesz: Alexander David. Chamber agent of the Duke of Braunschweig (1685–1765). His family in Hamburg-Altona, in: Yearbook for the Jewish communities of Schleswig-Holstein and the Hanseatic cities 3. 5692, 1931/32, pp. 39–45.
  • Hans-Heinrich Ebeling : The Jews in Braunschweig. Legal, social and economic history from the beginnings of the Jewish community to emancipation (1282–1848). Phil. Diss., Braunschweig 1987 (Braunschweiger Werkstücke 65; RA: Publications from the city archive and the city library 22).
  • Selig Gronemann : Genealogical studies on the old Jewish families of Hanover. Hanover 1913.
  • Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Günter Scheel (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 19th and 20th centuries . Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7752-5838-8 , p. 166 .
  • Rotraud Ries: Jewish life in Lower Saxony in the 15th and 16th centuries. Hanover 1994 (Publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen 35: Sources and studies on the general history of Lower Saxony in the modern age 13).
  • Rotraud Ries with J. Friedrich Battenberg (ed.): Court Jews - Economy and Interculturality. The Jewish business elite in the 18th century. Hamburg 2002 (Hamburg Contributions to the History of German Jews 25).
  • Rotraud Ries: On the connection between the Reformation and the expulsion of the Jews: The Braunschweig example. in: Helmut Jäger, Franz Petri, Heinz Quirin (eds.): Civitatum Communitas. Festschrift for Heinz Stoob for his 65th birthday. Cologne; Vienna 1984 (Städtforschung R. A 21), pp. 630–654.
  • Rotraud Ries: Structures of early modern Jewish policy in Braunschweig-Calenberg. in: Rainer Sabelleck (ed.): Jews in Southern Lower Saxony. History - living conditions - monuments. Contributions to a conference on November 10, 1990 in Göttingen, Hanover 1994 (series of publications by the Landschaftsverband Südniedersachsen 2), pp. 11–56.
  • Gutmann Rülf : Alexander David, Braunschweig chamber agent from 1707–1765. in: Braunschweigisches Magazin 1907. 1907, pp. 25–33, reprinted in: Brunsvicensia Judaica. Braunschweig 1966, pp. 9-22.
  • Heinrich Schnee: Hoffinanz, Vol. 2: The institution of court factors in Hanover and Braunschweig, Saxony and Anhalt, Mecklenburg, Hessen-Kassel and Hanau. Berlin 1954.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Family tree Michael David | House of Hanover
  2. ↑ Reinhard Bein: Contemporary Witnesses from Stein Volume 2 Braunschweig and its Jews. Braunschweig 1996, p. 9.
  3. ↑ Reinhard Bein: Eternal House - Jewish cemeteries in the city and country of Braunschweig. Braunschweig 2004, p. 32.
  4. ↑ Erich Schmidt: Lessing: History of his life and his writings. Georg Olms Verlag, 1983 p. 547 ff.
  5. ^ Family tree David Philipson Philippi

Web link

personal data
SURNAME David, Alexander
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chamber councilor of Jewish origin
DATE OF BIRTH January 17, 1687
PLACE OF BIRTH Halberstadt
DATE OF DEATH October 14, 1765
Place of death Braunschweig