European Football Championship

This article describes the European Men's Championship. For the European Women's Championship, see Women's European Football Championship . For further European football championships, see European football championship (explanation of terms) .

European Football Championship
Full name	UEFA European Football Championship
abbreviation	EM, euro
Association	UEFA
First edition	1960
Teams	24
Game mode	Round-robin tournament  (6 groups) knockout system (from round of 16) 0000000
Title holder	Portugal (1st title)
Record winner	Germany Spain (3 titles each)
Record player	Cristiano Ronaldo (21 games)
Record scorer	Michel Platini Cristiano Ronaldo (9 goals each)
Website	www.uefa.com

The trophy for winning the UEFA European Football Championship

The UEFA European Football Championship ( Engl. : UEFA European Football Championship ), short- EM, is every four years by the European football association UEFA organized football tournament to determine the continental champion at national level. The first two tournaments in 1960 and 1964 were still held under the name of the European Cup of Nations . In 1966, UEFA officially declared the competition the European Football Championship. The European Cup of National Football Teams was the forerunner of the European Cup of Nations . The European champions qualify for the FIFA Confederations Cup .

The reigning European soccer champion is Portugal . The qualification for the EM 2021 is currently running .

history

As early as 1911, the Union Internationale Amateure de Football Association (UIAFA), which briefly competed with FIFA, hosted a European championship in Roubaix. The tournament was won by Bohemia, which was excluded from FIFA for political reasons . Other participants were France and the English amateurs.

The Socialist Workers 'Sport International organized a European Workers' Football Championship from 1932 to 1934, which was played in groups with home and away games. Due to the seizure of power by the National Socialists in Germany and the Austrofascists in Austria, which led to the break-up of the two largest national workers' sports associations, the competition could only be partially completed. A second European or Western European championship in workers' football that was planned afterwards did not materialize.

The idea of ​​a European championship within the framework of FIFA was proposed by Henri Delaunay , the general secretary of the French football association Fédération Française de Football , as early as 1927 and initially implemented in the European Cup for national football teams . There was also a suggestion from the English federation in early 1950 that (in addition to the world championships that only take place every four years) the previous Mitropacup as the only major international European competition had expired.

Shortly after the founding of UEFA, a follow-up tournament called the European Cup of Nations was launched. This tournament was declared a European Football Championship by UEFA in 1966. The qualification for the first European Cup of Nations in France began in 1958. In honor of Delaunay, the winner's cup of the tournament is still called the Henri Delaunay Cup .

The details of the process have been changed several times over the years and adapted for a larger number of participants. Whereas in 1960 four games were enough for the Soviet Union to win the European Cup, a total of up to 18 games are now necessary - except for the organizers.

The reigning European champion has to re-qualify for the following tournament, which Spain 1968, Italy 1972 and France 1988 failed. Up to and including 1992 it was more difficult to qualify for the European Championship than for the World Championship due to the lower number of participants at the time.

The winner of the European Football Championship has been qualified for the next FIFA Confederations Cup since 1992 .

The European soccer championship originally planned for 2020 was postponed on March 17, 2020 by UEFA to summer 2021 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic .

Set of rules

The competition is divided into a preliminary qualification and a final tournament in the host country. From 1960 to 1976 four national teams took part in the final round, which determined the European champion via semi-finals and finals. From 1980 eight teams took part, which were drawn in two preliminary round groups. In 1980 the group winners determined the European champions, from 1984 semi-finals of the two best teams in each group were interposed. From 1996 16 teams took part in the finals of a European Championship, which had previously been successful in the European Championship qualifying round. They were drawn into four groups with four teams each. The first two teams from each group made it to the quarter-finals.

Current mode

From the 2016 European Championship, 24 teams will compete in the first round in six groups. Each team plays three games because within a group each team plays each other once. The second round is the newly created round of 16, for which the four best group thirds qualify in addition to the group first and second from each group (12 teams). From the second round, the true knock-out system , the loser of each game is eliminated. A small final for third place between the losers in the semi-finals was held for the last time in 1980.

Nations League

In March 2014, UEFA decided to introduce the UEFA Nations League . After the 2018 World Cup in Russia, almost all of the national team's friendly matches will be played in the Nations League. Between September and November 2018, three to four teams will compete against each other in four divisions A – D, each with four sub-groups. In 2019, the four division winners will play in a "Final Four tournament" for the title of Nations League Champion. In addition, promotion and relegation within the Nations League is played. For the 2020 European Championship, 20 teams will qualify directly via the conventional European Championship qualification, four unqualified teams will have a chance to participate in the play-offs in March 2020 via the Nations League, so that per division another nation in the European Football Championship 2021 can participate.

Variants of the knockout system

Until 1968 there was a drawing of lots in the semi-finals in the event of a tie after extra time (used once in 1968 when Italy had a lucky draw against the Soviet Union), and final games were repeated in the event of a tie after extra time. In 1976, the penalty shootout was introduced, which had to be used immediately in the final of the same year. In 1996 and 2000 the golden goal rule applied, which also decided the final games. In 2004, the silver goal rule applied, which was only applied once, in the semi-finals between Greece and the Czech Republic, and was immediately abolished after the tournament. Since 2008, games in the finals have again been decided with guaranteed two extra times of 15 minutes and, if necessary, a subsequent penalty shoot-out.

First participations

So far (as of EM 2016) there has always been at least one national soccer team that has participated in a European soccer championship final for the first time. Below is a list of the 30 first-time participants, each with the flags and names valid at the time. In addition, six countries are listed in brackets that for the first time only took part in a European Championship under a new name. Even so, these countries are sometimes cited as newcomers in the media. However, these “newcomers” completely adopted the results and titles of their predecessors in UEFA's statistics - and accordingly their debut date. A special case are the Czech Republic and Slovakia, both of which are considered to be the successors of Czechoslovakia at UEFA and both of which took over their titles. This is why UEFA counts 26 countries (more precisely " associations ") in its statistics that have already participated in a European Championship finals at least once. A total of 55 national football associations are represented in UEFA.

• Teams in bold won the tournament when they first entered a final tournament.
• Teams in italics were the hosts when they first took part in a final tournament, but until 1976 the host was not determined until they had successfully qualified.

year	First time participant
1960	France	Yugoslavia	Soviet Union	Czechoslovakia
1964	Denmark	Spain	Hungary
1968	England	Italy
1972	Belgium	BR Germany
1976	Netherlands
1980	Greece
1984	Portugal	Romania
1988	Ireland
1992	( CIS )	Sweden	Scotland
1996	Bulgaria	Croatia	( Russia )	Turkey	Switzerland	( Czech Republic )
2000	( Federal Republic of Yugoslavia )	Norway	Slovenia
2004	Latvia
2008	Austria	Poland
2012	Ukraine
2016	Albania	Iceland	Northern Ireland	( Slovakia )	Wales
2021	Finland

1. ↑ ^{a b} Serbia is rated by UEFA as the successor to the following “three countries”: 1.) Yugoslavia (debut 1960), 2.) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or the rest of Yugoslavia (“debut” 2000 under the name of Yugoslavia ) and 3.) Serbia and Montenegro (name of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from February 2003) (unsuccessful “debut” in qualifying in 2004 under the name of Serbia and Montenegro ). The results of all these teams will be allocated to Serbia in UEFA statistics. The year 1960 is considered Serbia's debut. Serbia has been performing under its own name since 2006, but has not yet qualified for an EM.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Russia is considered by FIFA to be the successor to the Soviet Union (debut 1960). The results of the Soviet Union go into Russia's statistics. The year 1960 is considered Russia's debut at a European Championship. In 1992 the team was named CIS . Russia first appeared under its own name at a European Championship in 1996.
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Both the Czech Republic (“debut” under this name in 1996) and Slovakia are both considered by UEFA to be the successors of Czechoslovakia (debut in 1960). As a result, the results for Czechoslovakia are attributed to both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Therefore, the year 1960 is considered to be the debut at an EM for both countries.
4. ↑ In 1968 the Federal Republic of Germany took part in the preliminary rounds of the European Championship for the first time, but failed in qualifying. After German reunification, the national football associations were also united and, from 1992 onwards, ran again under the name “Germany” at UEFA.
5. ↑ Croatia was part of Yugoslavia until 1991 and Croatian players took part in the Yugoslav team in the tournaments in 1960, 1976 and 1984. The successes of the Yugoslav team were initially attributed to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , then Serbia and Montenegro and now Serbia. Croatia took part in qualifying for the European Championship in 1996 for the first time.
6. ↑ Slovenia was part of Yugoslavia until 1991, in 1976 and 1984 Slovenian players took part in the European Championship for Yugoslavia. After the break-up of Yugoslavia, Slovenia first took part in qualifying for the European Championship in 1996.
7. ↑ After leaving the Soviet Union, Latvia took part in qualifying for the European Championship in 1996 for the first time. Since Latvian football did not play a major role in the Soviet Union, no Latvian players were used in the national football team of the USSR.
8. ↑ As part of the USSR and the CIS, Ukraine took part in the tournaments from 1960 to 1992. In the 1960s winning team there was a Ukrainian and a player playing in Ukraine. In the teams of the runner-up European champions in 1972 and 1988, many players came from and / or played in the Ukraine. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union into several independent states, Ukraine took part in qualifying for the European Championship in 1996 for the first time, but was only able to qualify as host in 2012 and 2016. In 1996 there were two Ukrainian-born players in the Russian team that was eliminated in the preliminary round. The last goal for the CIS was scored by a Ukrainian player in 1992.

The tournaments at a glance

year	host		final				Semi-finalists / game for third place 1
			winner	Result	2nd place		3rd place	Result	4th Place
1960	France		Soviet Union	2: 1 a.d.	Yugoslavia		Czechoslovakia	2-0	France
1964	Spain		Spain	2: 1	Soviet Union		Hungary	3: 1 a.d.	Denmark
1968	Italy		Italy	1: 1 a.d. 2: 0	Yugoslavia		England	2-0	Soviet Union
1972	Belgium		BR Germany	3-0	Soviet Union		Belgium	2: 1	Hungary
1976	Yugoslavia		Czechoslovakia	2: 2 n.v. 5: 3 i. E.	BR Germany		Netherlands	3: 2 a.d.	Yugoslavia
1980	Italy		BR Germany	2: 1	Belgium		Czechoslovakia	1: 1 9: 8 i. E.	Italy
1984	France		France	2-0	Spain		Portugal Denmark
1988	BR Germany		Netherlands	2-0	Soviet Union		BR Germany Italy
1992	Sweden		Denmark	2-0	Germany		Netherlands Sweden
1996	England		Germany	2: 1 according to the Basic Law	Czech Republic		England France
2000	Belgium / Netherlands		France	2: 1 according to the Basic Law	Italy		Portugal Netherlands
2004	Portugal		Greece	1-0	Portugal		Czech Republic Netherlands
2008	Austria / Switzerland		Spain	1-0	Germany		Russia Turkey
2012	Poland / Ukraine		Spain	4-0	Italy		Portugal Germany
2016	France		Portugal	1: 0 a.d.	France		Wales Germany
2021 2	Europe-wide
2024	Germany

¹There has been no match for third place since 1984. Of the semi-finalists listed, the first named was defeated by the eventual European champion, the second named to the other finalist.

²The tournament, originally planned for 2020, was postponed on March 17, 2020 by UEFA to summer 2021 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic .

Ranking list

rank	country	title	Year (s)	2nd place		final	Semifinals
1	Germany	3	1972, 1980, 1996	3		6th	9
2	Spain	3	1964, 2008, 2012	1		4th	4th
3	France	2	1984, 2000	1		3	5
4th	Soviet Union Russia	1	1960	3		4th	6th
5	Italy	1	1968	2		3	5
6th	Portugal	1	2016	1		2	5
	Czechoslovakia Czech Republic	1	1976	1		2	5
8th	Netherlands	1	1988			1	5
9	Denmark	1	1992			1	3
10	Greece	1	2004			1	1
11	Yugoslavia			2		2	3
12	Belgium			1		1	2
13	England						2
	Hungary						2
15th	Sweden						1
	Turkey						1
	Wales						1
Respective record

Record player

Players still active in the national team are shown in bold.

Iker Casillas, the only player with five European Championship appearances

Final round participation

rank	player	Participation (with commitment)	Tournaments
1	Iker Casillas	5 (3)	2000 , 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
2	Gianluigi Buffon	4 (4)	2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Alessandro Del Piero		1996, 2000, 2004, 2008
	Petr Čech		2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Jaroslav Plašil		2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Tomáš Rosický		2000, 2004, 2012, 2016
	Zlatan Ibrahimović		2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Andreas Isaksson		2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Kim Källström		2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Olof Mellberg		2000, 2004, 2008, 2012
	Lothar Matthäus		1980, 1984, 1988, 2000
	Lukas Podolski		2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Bastian Schweinsteiger		2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Cristiano Ronaldo		2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Peter Schmeichel		1988, 1992, 1996, 2000
	Darijo Srna		2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
	Lilian Thuram		1996, 2000, 2004, 2008
	Edwin van der Sar		1996, 2000, 2004, 2008
19th	Aron Winter	4 (3)	1988 , 1992, 1996, 2000
20th	Igor Akinfeev	4 (2)	2004 , 2008, 2012 , 2016

Years in italics denote the tournaments with no stakes.

Cristiano Ronaldo - record player, record goalscorer and top scorer in four finals

Bastian Schweinsteiger - German European Championship record player

Finals games

rank	player	Games	Tournaments (games)
1	Cristiano Ronaldo	21st	2004 (6), 2008 (3), 2012 (5), 2016 (7)
2	Bastian Schweinsteiger	18th	2004 (3), 2008 (5), 2012 (5), 2016 (5)
3	Gianluigi Buffon	17th	2004 (3), 2008 (4), 2012 (6), 2016 (4)
4th	Cesc Fàbregas	16	2008 (6), 2012 (6), 2016 (4)
	Andrés Iniesta		2008 (6), 2012 (6), 2016 (4)
	Lilian Thuram		1996 (5), 2000 (5), 2004 (4), 2008 (2)
	Edwin van der Sar		1996 (4), 2000 (4), 2004 (5), 2008 (3)
8th	João Moutinho	15th	2008 (4), 2012 (5), 2016 (6)
	Nani		2008 (3), 2012 (5), 2016 (7)
	Pepe		2008 (4), 2012 (5), 2016 (6)
	Sergio Ramos		2008 (5), 2012 (6), 2016 (4)
	David Silva		2008 (5), 2012 (6), 2016 (4)

Michel Platini, record scorer alongside Ronaldo

Mario Gómez - most successful German goalscorer ...

... together with Jürgen Klinsmann

Finals goals

rank	player	Gates	Tournaments (goals)
1	Michel Platini	9	1984 (9)
	Cristiano Ronaldo		2004 (2), 2008 (1), 2012 (3), 2016 (3)
3	Alan Shearer	7th	1996 (5), 2000 (2)
4th	Nuno Gomes	6th	2000 (4), 2004 (1), 2008 (1)
	Antoine Griezmann		2016 (6)
	Thierry Henry		2000 (3), 2004 (2), 2008 (1)
	Zlatan Ibrahimović		2004 (2), 2008 (2), 2012 (2)
	Patrick Kluivert		1996 (1), 2000 (5)
	Ruud van Nistelrooy		2004 (4), 2008 (2)
	Wayne Rooney		2004 (4), 2012 (1), 2016 (1)

See also : List of top scorers of the European Football Championships for men

Finals placements

country	1960	1964	1968	1972	1976		1980	1984	1988	1992		1996	2000	2004	2008	2012		2016
Albania																		VR
Belgium				3.			2.	VR					VR					VF
Bulgaria												VR		VR
Denmark		4th						HF	VR	1.		VR	VR	VF		VR
Germany				1.	2.		1.	VR	HF	2.		1.	VR	VR	2.	HF		HF
England			3.				VR		VR	VR		HF	VR	VF		VF		AF
France	4th							1.		VR		HF	1.	VF	VR	VF		2.
Greece							VR							1.	VR	VF
Ireland									VR							VR		AF
Iceland																		VF
Italy			1.				4th		HF			VR	2.	VR	VF	2.		VF
Yugoslavia FR Yugoslavia	2.		2.		4th			VR					VF
Croatia												VF		VR	VF	VR		AF
Latvia														VR
Netherlands					3.		VR		1.	HF		VF	HF	HF	VF	VR
Northern Ireland																		AF
Norway													VR
Austria															VR			VR
Poland															VR	VR		VF
Portugal								HF				VF	HF	2.	VF	HF		1.
Romania								VR				VR	VF		VR			VR
Soviet Union CIS Russia	1.	2.	4th	2.					2.	VR		VR		VR	HF	VR		VR
Scotland										VR		VR
Sweden										HF			VR	VF	VR	VR		VR
Switzerland												VR		VR	VR			AF
Slovakia																		AF
Slovenia													VR
Spain		1.					VR	2.	VR			VF	VF	VR	1.	1.		AF
Czechoslovakia Czech Republic	3.				1.		3.					2.	VR	HF	VR	VF		VR
Turkey												VR	VF		HF			VR
Ukraine																VR		VR
Hungary		3.		4th														AF
Wales																		HF
Attendees	4th						8th					16						24
Color legend: European champion Vice-European champion third / semifinals  

Explanation:

VR = out in the preliminary round, AF = out in the round of 16, VF = out in the quarter-finals, HF = out in the semi-finals (no game for 3rd place)

Tournament organizer

Eternal finals table

rank	country	Participate	Games	Victories	draw	Niedl.	Gates	Points	Per
1	Germany	12	49	26th	12	11	72:48	90	1.84
2	France	09	39	20th	09	10	62:44	69	1.77
3	Spain	10	40	19th	11	10	55:36	68	1.70
4th	Italy	09	38	16	16	06th	39:27	64	1.68
5	Portugal	07th	35	18th	09	08th	49:31	63	1.80
6th	Netherlands	09	35	17th	08th	10	57:37	59	1.69
7th	Czechoslovakia Czech Republic	09	32	13	06th	13	42:43	45	1.41
8th	Soviet Union CIS Russia	11	33	12	07th	14th	38:45	43	1.30
9	England	09	31	10	11	10	40:35	41	1.32
10	Croatia	05	18th	08th	05	05	23:20	29	1.61
11	Denmark	08th	27	07th	06th	14th	30:43	27	1.00
12	Belgium	05	17th	07th	02	08th	22:25	23	1.35
13	Sweden	06th	20th	05	06th	09	25:24	21st	1.05
14th	Greece	04th	16	05	03	08th	14:20	18th	1.13
15th	Turkey	04th	15th	04th	02	09	13:22	14th	0.93
16	Wales	01	06th	04th	00	02	10: 06	12	2.00
17th	Poland	03	11	02	06th	03	07: 09	12	1.09
18th	Switzerland	04th	13	02	05	06th	08:15	11	0.85
19th	Yugoslavia FR Yugoslavia	05	14th	03	02	09	22:39	11	0.79
20th	Iceland	01	05	02	02	01	08: 09	08th	1.60
21st	Hungary	03	08th	02	02	04th	11:14	08th	1.00
22nd	Romania	05	16	01	05	10	10:21	08th	0.50
23	Ireland	03	10	02	02	06th	06:17	08th	0.80
24	Scotland	02	06th	02	01	03	04: 05	07th	1.17
25th	Norway	01	03	01	01	01	01: 01	04th	1.33
26th	Slovakia	01	04th	01	01	02	03: 06	04th	1.00
27	Bulgaria	02	06th	01	01	04th	04:13	04th	0.67
28	Northern Ireland	01	04th	01	00	03	02: 03	03	0.75
29	Albania	01	03	01	00	02	01: 03	03	1.00
30th	Ukraine	02	06th	01	00	05	02: 09	03	0.50
31	Slovenia	01	03	00	02	01	04: 05	02	0.67
32	Austria	02	06th	00	02	04th	02: 07	02	0.33
33	Latvia	01	03	00	01	02	01: 05	01	0.33

Status: July 10, 2016 (after the final of the European Championship 2016)

The ranking is calculated according to the three-point rule . Games that have been decided on penalties will be counted as a tie.

Varia

competition	places	Stages	Messages 2	Teams	Games		⌀	spectator	viewers ⌀		⌀		⌀		⌀
1960	2	2	17th	4th	4th	17th	4.25	0.078,958	19,740					0	0.00
1964	2	2	29	4th	4th	13	3.25	0.156.263	39,066					0	0.00
1968	3	3	31	4th	5	7th	1.40	0.299.233	59,847					1	0.20
1972	4th	4th	32	4th	4th	10	2.50	0.121,880	30,470	9	2.25			0	0.00
1976	2	2	32	4th	4th	19th	4.75	0.106.087	26,522	6th	1.50			3	0.75
1980	4th	4th	32	8th	14th	27	1.93	0.350,655	25,047	24	1.71			0	0.00
1984	7th	7th	33	8th	15th	41	2.73	0.601,404	40.094	32	2.13			3	0.20
1988	8th	8th	33	8th	15th	34	2.27	0.935.680	62,379	32	2.13			0	0.00
1992	4th	4th	34	8th	15th	32	2.13	0.430.111	28,674	50	3.33	0	0.00	0	0.00
1996	8th	8th	48	16	31	64	2.06	1,276,137	41,166	155	5.00	4th	0.13	3	0.10
2000	8th	8th	51	16	31	85	2.74	1,122,833	36,220	122	3.94	5	0.16	4th	0.13
2004	8th	10	51	16	31	77	2.48	1,156,473	37,306	150	4.84	5	0.16	1	0.03
2008	8th	8th	52	16	31	77	2.48	1,143,355	36,882	122	3.94	0	0.00	3	0.10
2012	8th	8th	53	16	31	76	2.46	1,440,896	44,716	119	3.84	2	0.06	1	0.03
2016	10	10	54	24	51	108	2.12	2,427,303	47,594	201	3.94	2	0.04	1	0.02
2021	12	12	55	24	51
Respective record

²The reports submitted on time are counted regardless of whether they were withdrawn or not started before the start of the qualification; including defending champions and hosts.

See also

• European Football Championship / overview of participants
• European football championship / records

literature

• Hardy Greens : European Football Championship encyclopedia 1960–2008. Agon Sportverlag, Kassel 2004, ISBN 3-89784-241-6 .
• IFFHS (Hrsg.): 11 - magazine for international football history and statistics - N ° 2. Interball-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1986.

Web links

Wiktionary: European Football Championship  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Christian Koller : Transnationality: Networks, Competitions, Migration, in: ders. And Fabian Brändle (ed.): Football between the wars: Europe 1918–1939 (= history of football, vol. 5). Münster / Vienna: Lit-Verlag 2010. p. 38, limited preview in the Google book search
2. ↑ L. Jeřábek: Český a československý fotbal - lexikon osobností a klubů. Grada Publishing as, 2007, ISBN 978-80-247-1656-5 , p. 12. Limited preview in Google Book Search
3. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 31, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ Christian Koller: Transnationality: Networks, Competitions, Migration, in: ders. And Fabian Brändle (ed.): Football between the wars: Europe 1918–1939 (= history of football, vol. 5). Münster / Vienna: Lit-Verlag 2010. p. 51. limited preview in Google book search
5. ^ Eduard Hoffmann and Jürgen Nendza: The first European football championship took place as early as 1932. (PDF) In: deutschlandradiokultur.de. Deutschlandradio Kultur , accessed on April 27, 2016 . 
6. ↑ "European Football Championships?" In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 4, 1950, p. 7 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
7. ↑ Peter Gödeke: Goal !: 100 years of football . 1998, ISBN 978-3-7766-2072-6 ( google.de ).
8. ↑ Enrico Barz: The reward of all efforts at the goal of all dreams. In: fussball-em-total.de. FOOTBALL EM-total, accessed on August 20, 2013 . 
9. ↑ Nations League instead of friendly games. In: sueddeutsche.de. Süddeutsche Zeitung , March 27, 2014, accessed on March 30, 2014 . 
10. ↑ European Football Championship: Why is there no match for third place? In: spiegel.de. Spiegel Online , July 8, 2016, accessed July 12, 2016 . 
11. ↑ Coronavirus - UEFA is postponing the European Football Championship to summer 2021 . March 17, 2020. Accessed March 17, 2020.